群落生土建筑的抗地震倒塌加固措施
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摘要
目前我国仍存在大量生土建筑房屋,其中不乏以群落形式存在的民居。为了保护居民的生命安全和历史文化遗产,亟需提高该类房屋的抗地震倒塌能力。针对群落生土建筑的特点,本文提出了采用薄壁型钢条带加固生土墙体并采用角钢加固屋盖和独立柱的加固方案,该方案便于施工且节约成本。为验证加固方案的有效性,选取一典型生土建筑,通过数值仿真动力计算方法进行地震倒塌过程分析,对比分析其在加固前后的响应,结果表明,采用本文提出的加固措施能显著提高生土建筑的抗地震倒塌能力。
At present,a great number of raw-soil architectures still exist in our country,most of which survived as the residential building group. in order to protect the inhabitants' life safety as well as the historical and cultural heritage,the capability of seismic collapse resistance of these buildings is needed to improve. According to the peculiarity of residential building group,the strengthening measure,which mainly consists of reinforcing the raw-soil wall with thin-walled steel stripes and fastening the roof and column with angle steels,is proposed,it has the advantages of both convenient construction and low cost. for verifying the effectiveness of the strengthening measure,a typical raw-soil building is selected to conduct a numerical simulation on seismic collapse process. By comparing the calculation results,it is indicated that the proposed strengthening measure could enhance the seismic collapse resistant capacity obviously.
At present,a great number of raw-soil architectures still exist in our country,most of which survived as the residential building group. in order to protect the inhabitants' life safety as well as the historical and cultural heritage,the capability of seismic collapse resistance of these buildings is needed to improve. According to the peculiarity of residential building group,the strengthening measure,which mainly consists of reinforcing the raw-soil wall with thin-walled steel stripes and fastening the roof and column with angle steels,is proposed,it has the advantages of both convenient construction and low cost. for verifying the effectiveness of the strengthening measure,a typical raw-soil building is selected to conduct a numerical simulation on seismic collapse process. By comparing the calculation results,it is indicated that the proposed strengthening measure could enhance the seismic collapse resistant capacity obviously.
引文
[1]王毅红,仲继清,石以霞,等.国外生土结构研究综述[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(6):81~88Wang Yi-hong,Zhong Ji-qing,Shi Yi-xia,et al.Review of Overseas Research on Raw-Soil Structure[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2015,48(6):81~88(in Chinese)
[2]王毅红,梁楗,张项英,等.我国生土结构研究综述[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(5):98~107Wang Yi-hong,Liang Jian,Zhang Xiang-ying,et al.Review of Raw-Soil Structure in China[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2015,48(5):98~107(in Chinese)
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[4]于文.新疆喀什生土房屋模型振动台试验研究[D].北京:中国建筑科学研究院,2007Yu Wen.Experimental study on shaking Tab.Test of a Raw-soil Building Model in Kashi Xinjiang[D].Beijing:China Academy of Building Research,2007(in Chinese)
[5]肉孜阿洪.帕尔哈提.喀什老城区保护与更新实验区的研究探索[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2012Rouziahong Paerhati.Research and Exploration of Protection and Renewal The Experimental Area Old City of Kashgar[D].Urumuqi:Xinjiang University,2012(in Chinese)
[6]王亚勇,葛学礼,袁金西,等.新疆巴楚M6.8房屋震害及经验总结[J].地震工程和工程振动,2003,23(2):172~175
[7]陈伟,焦涛,孙金坤,等.昔格达生土农房抗震技术研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2010,32(3):77~80Chen Tao,Jiao Tao,Sun Jin-kun,et al.Study on Aseismic Measures for Rural Houses with Xigeda Raw Soil[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2010,32(3):77~80(in Chinese)
[8]焦春节,陶忠,陈志寿,等.土坯墙体抗剪承载力的改性试验研究[J].世界地震工程,2010,26(1):94~98Jiao Chun-jie,Tao Zhong,Chen Zhi-shou,et al.Experimental Study on Shear Capacity of Improved Adobe Wall[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2010,26(1):94~98(in Chinese)
[9]Hejazi S M,Sheikhzadeh M,Abtahi S M,et al.A Simple Review of Soil Reinforcement By Using Natural and Synthetic Fibers[J].Construction and Building Materials,2012,30:100~116
[10]卜永红.村镇生土结构房屋抗震性能研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013Bu Yong-hong.Research on Seismic Behavior of Rawsoil Structure Buildings in Villages and Small Towns[D].Xi'an:Changan University,2013(in Chinese)
[11]孙满利,王旭东,李最雄,等.木质锚杆加固生土遗址研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(12):2156~2159Sun Man-li,Wang Xu-dong,Li Zui-xoing,et al.Study on Immature Earthen Sites Reinforced with Wood Anchor[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(12):2156~2159(in Chinese)
[12]王毅红,樊琨,陈全杰,等。村镇生土结构房屋抗震加固措施试验研究[J].工程抗震及加固改造,2011,33(6):77~81,44Wang Yi-hong,Fan Kun,Chen Quan-jie,et al.Experimental Study on Anti-seismic Strengthening Measures on Raw-soil Structure Houses in Villages[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2011,33(6):77~81,44(in Chinese)
[13]The getty conservation institute.Planning andengineering guidelines for the seismic retrofitting of adobe structures.[M].Los Angeles,U.S.A.,2003.
[14]Leroy Tolles E,Edna E Kimbro,Frederick A Webster,et al.Seismic Stabilization of Historic Adobe Structures[M].The Getty Conservation Institute,Los Angeles,2000.
[15]Yamin L E,Phillips C A,Reyes J C,et al.Seismic Behavior and Rehabilitation Alternatives for Adobe and Rammed Earth Building[A].13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C].BC Canada:Vancouver,2004
[16]Blondet M,Garcia G V.Earthquake Resistant Earthen Buildings[A].13thWorld Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C].2004:1~8
[17]张又超,王毅红,张项英,等.单面钢丝网水泥砂浆加固承重夯土墙体抗震试验研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,47(2):255~259Zhang You-chao,Wang Yi-hong,Zhang Xiang-ying,et al.Experimental Study on Strengthening Rammed-Earth Wall with Single Side Ferro-Cement Surface Layer[J].J.Xi`an Univ.of Arch.&Tech.(Natural Science Edition),2015,47(2):255~259(in Chinese)
[18]黄金胜.云南传统民居建筑抗震加固方法的研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2009Study on The Reinforcement of Traditional Resident Building in Yunnan Province[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Seience and Technology,2007(in Chinese)
[19]张琰鑫,童丽萍.夯土住宅结构性能分析及加固方法[J].世界地震工程,2012,28(2):72~78Zhang Yan-xin,Tong Li-ping.Performance Analysis and Strengthening Method of Rammed Earth Buildings[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2012,28(2):72~78(in Chinese)
[20]孟耀杰.现代夯土结构民居振动台试验研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2014Meng Yao-jie.Experimental Study on Shaking Table Test of the Modern Rammed Earth Dwellings[D].Xi'an:Xi'an university of architecture and technology,2014(in Chinese)
[21]A Dehghan Banadaki,et al.A Numerical Study on Seismic Behavior of A Typical Rural House of Iran[A].14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C].2008,12~17
[22]Jager W,Bakeer T.Collapse Analysis of Reinforced and Unreinforced Adobe Masonry Structures Under Earthquake Actions-Case Study:Bam Citadel[R].Structural Studies,Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture X,2009,109:385~394
[23]Maria Idália Gomesa,Mário Lopes b,Jorge de Brito.Seismic Resistance of Earth Construction in Portugal[J].Engineering Structures,2011,33:932~941
[24]Wang W P,Hu Y L,Lin J D.Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Plastic Response of Cylindrical Steel LiningConcrete Structure Under Internal Intense Blast Loading[J].Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structure,2008,4(3):285~292
[25]许浒,余志祥,康翔杰,等.多层砌体结构在地震中倒塌全过程数值模拟[J].建筑结构,2012,42(S1):220~225Xu Hu,Yu Zhi-xiang,Kang Xiang-jie,et al.Numerical Simulation on Collapse Process of Multistory Masonry Structure in Earthquake[J].Building Structure,2012,42(S1):220~225(in Chinese)
[26]许浒,余志祥,苏启旺,等.修正Drucker-Prager准则在砖砌体结构抗震分析中的应用[J].土木工程学报,2013,(46):91~96Xu Hu,Yu Zhi-xiang,Su Qi-wang,et al.Application of the Modified Model in Seismic Analysis of Brick Masonry Structures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013(46):91~96(in Chinese)
[27]董玉将.传统夯土民居建筑抗震加固方法研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2011Dong Yu-jiang.Study on the Reinforcement of Traditional Rammed Earth Resident Buildings[D].Xi'an:Xi`an University of Architecture and Technology,2011(in Chinese)
[2]王毅红,梁楗,张项英,等.我国生土结构研究综述[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(5):98~107Wang Yi-hong,Liang Jian,Zhang Xiang-ying,et al.Review of Raw-Soil Structure in China[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2015,48(5):98~107(in Chinese)
[3]李生英.新疆生土建筑的研究——以吐鲁番为例[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2007Li Sheng-ying.Evaluate on Earth Construction of Xinjiang and take Turpan for Example[D].Urumuqi:Xinjiang University,2007(in Chinese)
[4]于文.新疆喀什生土房屋模型振动台试验研究[D].北京:中国建筑科学研究院,2007Yu Wen.Experimental study on shaking Tab.Test of a Raw-soil Building Model in Kashi Xinjiang[D].Beijing:China Academy of Building Research,2007(in Chinese)
[5]肉孜阿洪.帕尔哈提.喀什老城区保护与更新实验区的研究探索[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2012Rouziahong Paerhati.Research and Exploration of Protection and Renewal The Experimental Area Old City of Kashgar[D].Urumuqi:Xinjiang University,2012(in Chinese)
[6]王亚勇,葛学礼,袁金西,等.新疆巴楚M6.8房屋震害及经验总结[J].地震工程和工程振动,2003,23(2):172~175
[7]陈伟,焦涛,孙金坤,等.昔格达生土农房抗震技术研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2010,32(3):77~80Chen Tao,Jiao Tao,Sun Jin-kun,et al.Study on Aseismic Measures for Rural Houses with Xigeda Raw Soil[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2010,32(3):77~80(in Chinese)
[8]焦春节,陶忠,陈志寿,等.土坯墙体抗剪承载力的改性试验研究[J].世界地震工程,2010,26(1):94~98Jiao Chun-jie,Tao Zhong,Chen Zhi-shou,et al.Experimental Study on Shear Capacity of Improved Adobe Wall[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2010,26(1):94~98(in Chinese)
[9]Hejazi S M,Sheikhzadeh M,Abtahi S M,et al.A Simple Review of Soil Reinforcement By Using Natural and Synthetic Fibers[J].Construction and Building Materials,2012,30:100~116
[10]卜永红.村镇生土结构房屋抗震性能研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013Bu Yong-hong.Research on Seismic Behavior of Rawsoil Structure Buildings in Villages and Small Towns[D].Xi'an:Changan University,2013(in Chinese)
[11]孙满利,王旭东,李最雄,等.木质锚杆加固生土遗址研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(12):2156~2159Sun Man-li,Wang Xu-dong,Li Zui-xoing,et al.Study on Immature Earthen Sites Reinforced with Wood Anchor[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(12):2156~2159(in Chinese)
[12]王毅红,樊琨,陈全杰,等。村镇生土结构房屋抗震加固措施试验研究[J].工程抗震及加固改造,2011,33(6):77~81,44Wang Yi-hong,Fan Kun,Chen Quan-jie,et al.Experimental Study on Anti-seismic Strengthening Measures on Raw-soil Structure Houses in Villages[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2011,33(6):77~81,44(in Chinese)
[13]The getty conservation institute.Planning andengineering guidelines for the seismic retrofitting of adobe structures.[M].Los Angeles,U.S.A.,2003.
[14]Leroy Tolles E,Edna E Kimbro,Frederick A Webster,et al.Seismic Stabilization of Historic Adobe Structures[M].The Getty Conservation Institute,Los Angeles,2000.
[15]Yamin L E,Phillips C A,Reyes J C,et al.Seismic Behavior and Rehabilitation Alternatives for Adobe and Rammed Earth Building[A].13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C].BC Canada:Vancouver,2004
[16]Blondet M,Garcia G V.Earthquake Resistant Earthen Buildings[A].13thWorld Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C].2004:1~8
[17]张又超,王毅红,张项英,等.单面钢丝网水泥砂浆加固承重夯土墙体抗震试验研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,47(2):255~259Zhang You-chao,Wang Yi-hong,Zhang Xiang-ying,et al.Experimental Study on Strengthening Rammed-Earth Wall with Single Side Ferro-Cement Surface Layer[J].J.Xi`an Univ.of Arch.&Tech.(Natural Science Edition),2015,47(2):255~259(in Chinese)
[18]黄金胜.云南传统民居建筑抗震加固方法的研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2009Study on The Reinforcement of Traditional Resident Building in Yunnan Province[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Seience and Technology,2007(in Chinese)
[19]张琰鑫,童丽萍.夯土住宅结构性能分析及加固方法[J].世界地震工程,2012,28(2):72~78Zhang Yan-xin,Tong Li-ping.Performance Analysis and Strengthening Method of Rammed Earth Buildings[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2012,28(2):72~78(in Chinese)
[20]孟耀杰.现代夯土结构民居振动台试验研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2014Meng Yao-jie.Experimental Study on Shaking Table Test of the Modern Rammed Earth Dwellings[D].Xi'an:Xi'an university of architecture and technology,2014(in Chinese)
[21]A Dehghan Banadaki,et al.A Numerical Study on Seismic Behavior of A Typical Rural House of Iran[A].14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C].2008,12~17
[22]Jager W,Bakeer T.Collapse Analysis of Reinforced and Unreinforced Adobe Masonry Structures Under Earthquake Actions-Case Study:Bam Citadel[R].Structural Studies,Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture X,2009,109:385~394
[23]Maria Idália Gomesa,Mário Lopes b,Jorge de Brito.Seismic Resistance of Earth Construction in Portugal[J].Engineering Structures,2011,33:932~941
[24]Wang W P,Hu Y L,Lin J D.Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Plastic Response of Cylindrical Steel LiningConcrete Structure Under Internal Intense Blast Loading[J].Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structure,2008,4(3):285~292
[25]许浒,余志祥,康翔杰,等.多层砌体结构在地震中倒塌全过程数值模拟[J].建筑结构,2012,42(S1):220~225Xu Hu,Yu Zhi-xiang,Kang Xiang-jie,et al.Numerical Simulation on Collapse Process of Multistory Masonry Structure in Earthquake[J].Building Structure,2012,42(S1):220~225(in Chinese)
[26]许浒,余志祥,苏启旺,等.修正Drucker-Prager准则在砖砌体结构抗震分析中的应用[J].土木工程学报,2013,(46):91~96Xu Hu,Yu Zhi-xiang,Su Qi-wang,et al.Application of the Modified Model in Seismic Analysis of Brick Masonry Structures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013(46):91~96(in Chinese)
[27]董玉将.传统夯土民居建筑抗震加固方法研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2011Dong Yu-jiang.Study on the Reinforcement of Traditional Rammed Earth Resident Buildings[D].Xi'an:Xi`an University of Architecture and Technology,2011(in Chinese)
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