Controlling Molecular Growth between Fractals and Crystals on Surfaces

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• 作者：Xue Zhang ; Na Li ; Gao-Chen Gu ; Hao Wang ; Damian Nieckarz ; Pawe艂 Szabelski ; Yang He ; Yu Wang ; Chao Xie ; Zi-Yong Shen ; Jing-Tao L眉 ; Hao Tang ; Lian-Mao Peng ; Shi-Min Hou ; Kai Wu ; Yong-Feng Wang
• 刊名：ACS Nano
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 22, 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：9
• 期：12
• 页码：11909-11915
• 全文大小：563K
• ISSN：1936-086X

文摘

Recent studies demonstrate that simple functional molecules, which usually form two-dimensional (2D) crystal structures when adsorbed on solid substrates, are also able to self-assemble into ordered openwork fractal aggregates. To direct and control the growth of such fractal supramolecules, it is necessary to explore the conditions under which both fractal and crystalline patterns develop and coexist. In this contribution, we study the coexistence of Sierpi艅ski triangle (ST) fractals and 2D molecular crystals that were formed by 4,4鈥?dihydroxy-1,1鈥?3鈥?1鈥?terphenyl molecules on Au(111) in ultrahigh vacuum. Growth competition between the STs and 2D crystals was realized by tuning substrate and molecular surface coverage and changing the functional groups of the molecular building block. Density functional theory calculations and Monte Carlo simulations are used to characterize the process. Both experimental and theoretical results demonstrate the possibility of steering the surface self-assembly to generate fractal and nonfractal structures made up of the same molecular building block.