摘要
为深化生态文明体制改革,建立健全自然资源统筹管理制度,为国土空间规划和用途管控提供新思路,文章分析和归纳相关研究背景和现有制度基础,从基本自然资源的主要特征、"基本自然资源区"的概念、分类分区和制度设计4个方面深入研究"基本自然资源区"制度。研究结果表明:在党和政府高度重视自然资源开发利用和保护以及自然资源部成立的背景下,我国实施基本自然资源统筹管理制度具有重要性和必要性,现有的农田和草原等自然资源管理和保护制度为其奠定基础;基本自然资源具有稀缺性、基础性、资产性和兼容性,"基本自然资源区"是科学规划的兼具资源生产功能和自然生态价值的国土空间,属于特殊的经营性资产,主要包括基本农田资源区、基本草原资源区、基本森林资源区、基本水资源区和基本滩涂资源区,未来可逐步吸纳其他自然资源;应从明确功能和管理定位、融入国土空间规划体系、严守管控底线、注重制度衔接和统筹以及搭建信息平台5个方面开展制度设计,探索构建以严格管控基本自然资源数量、质量和功能为主的基本自然资源统筹管理制度。
In order to deepen the reform of ecological civilization system,establish and improve the overall management system of natural resources,and provide new ideas for land spatial planning and use control,this paper analyzed and summarized the relevant research background and existing institutional basis,taking four aspects(main characteristics,concept,classification and division,system design)to study the system of"basic natural resources area"in depth.The results show that firstly it is important and necessary to implement the system of overall management of basic natural resources in China under the background that the Party and the government attachgreat importance to the exploitation and protection of natural resources and the establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources.The existing system of natural resources management and protection,such as farmland and grassland,lays the foundation for it.Secondly the concept of"Basic Natural Resources Area"is defined in order to protect the resources space with both production function and natural ecological value.Based on the economic development needs and management experience,the basic natural resources,including basic farmland resource,basic grassland resource,basic forest resource,basic water resource and basic beach resource,etc.On this basis,the research and discussion of the"Basic Natural Resources"management system are carried out from five aspects:defining the function and management orientation,integrating into the space planning system,strictly observing the bottom line of management,attaching importance to institutional cohesion and building an information platform,which will provide new ideas for the establishment and improvement of the construction of natural resources management.