摘要
20世纪大地构造物理学取得引人瞩目的进展。本文详细评述了探测地球大陆圈层的属性、相态与物质运动取得的进展和技术路线。并且指出,大陆地壳和海洋地壳结构上的最基本区别是后者是相对均匀和整体刚性的,内部不存在明显的物质运动。前者的下地壳部分区域是不均匀和流变的,其中的物质运动使大陆板内的地壳产生比较强烈的变形和岩浆活动。因此,当前发展板块构造学说的最焦点就是对地壳不均匀性和流变岩石进行三维成像,从下到上找出大陆地壳物质运动规律。同时,一定要坚持深层油气和地震预测方面的应用基础研究,为人类社会可持续发展作出更大的贡献。
Tectonophysics is a new branch of geophysics and has be developing very fast since 1970 s. This paper in details reviews its technical trance and current results of lithospheric geophysical investigations,especially on study of the lithospheric attribute,phases and mass motion. In plate tectonics,the oceanic lithosphere is rigid with no mass movement inside the plates. However,the continental lithosphere is completely rigid with mass movement in the lower crust inside the plates. Therefore intra-plate deformation and mantle-origin magma extrusions can heavily occur in the continents. New mission to the Earth Geophysics should focus at locating rheological rocks. In the lower crust by applying 3D geophysical imaging methods,and finding continental mass-motion regularities. On the other hand,attention at basic researches on earthquake prediction and oil / gas exploration in deep sedimentary basins must be paid in order to contribute to the sustainable development of human society.