摘要
深部探测技术与实验研究专项(SinoProbe;以下简称"专项")是目前中国实施的规模最大的地球科学研究计划之一,涉及从地表到深部的地质、地球物理和地球化学多学科多领域探测实验。专项自2008年实施以来,完成了全国4°×4°、华北和青藏高原1°×1°的大地电磁阵列观测,建立了全国地球化学基准网(单元大小为160km×160km,含78种元素);完成了青藏高原、华南—中央造山带、华北和东北等多条超长深地震反射与折射剖面联合探测、宽频带地震与大地电磁剖面观测,其中深地震反射剖面约6 160km,成功研究、实验了地壳与地幔深部探测的一系列技术方法,积累了丰富经验,极大地加快了中国深部探测的进度,使中国进入国际深部探测大国的行列。专项在中国东部长江中下游和南岭成矿带开展的矿集区立体探测卓有成效,矿集区三维"透明化"技术不断成熟与完善;揭示了中国东部长江中下游和南岭成矿带深部成矿的动力学背景。专项部署了罗布莎、金川、南岭、庐枞和铜陵矿集区和腾冲火山地热构造带等12口大陆科学钻探实验与异常验证钻孔,在西藏罗布莎等地发现一系列深部地幔物质,在南岭于都-赣县和安徽庐枞矿集区发现深部厚大矿体、矿化异常和重要矿化线索。专项开展了青藏高原东南缘和华北地区的地应力监测网建设,有效提高了地应力测量与监测技术水平,深化了地震与地质灾害链成因研究;岩石圈三维结构与地球动力学数值模拟的能力得到不断提高。专项开展的大陆地壳结构与演化综合研究,加深了对中国中生代以来一系列重要地质问题及其深部动力学机制的认识。专项成功研制的中国首台"地壳一号"万米超深科学钻探钻机,在深部探测仪器装备自主研发方面具有里程碑式意义;同时,成功研制了地面电磁探测(SEP)系统、固定翼无人机航磁探测系统、无缆自定位地震勘探系统、移动平台综合地球物理数据处理与集成系统等深部探测关键仪器装备与软硬件系统。专项实现了技术创新与重大科学发现的并举,适应中国地质地貌条件和岩石圈结构特征,初步形成了针对不同层次、不同尺度、不同精度深部探测问题的技术方法体系,建立了一系列探测试验基地,为组织实施中国地壳探测工程奠定了坚实基础。深部探测已经成为我国地学发展的一个重要趋势。
The SinoProbe,Deep Exploration in China,is a multidisciplinary Earth science research program of unprecedented scope and scientific ambition on geosciences in China.The overall aim of the SinoProbe is to reveal the composition,structure and evolution of the continental lithosphere in China.The SinoProbe executed during the years from 2008to 2013have successfully conducted researches and experiments on crustal and mantle exploration technologies,accumulated the abundance of experiences on deep lithosphere exploration,and significantly accelerated China's development on deep lithosphere exploration.It has collected some super-long deep seismic reflection profiles in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the South China and the Central China Orogenic Belt,the North China and the Central Asian Orogenic Belt,and Northeast China,at a total length of ca.6160km and average depth to ca.100km,which has exceeded the total length conducted before in China(ca.4500km).The SinoProbe has carried out a nation-wide geochemical baseline with cells of160km×160km and 78elements,and a magnetotelluric(MT)Array by 4°×4°for the whole country and 1°×1°for North China and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Some efforts have made for the 3Dexploration in several ore deposit districts in eastern China,including the Lujiang-Zongyang and the Tongling ore districts in the Middle and Lower Yangtze metallogenic belt,and the Yudu-Ganxian ore district in the Nanling metallogenic belt.About 12continental scientific drilling holes have been drilled in the Luobusha,the Jinchuan,the YuduGanxian,the Lu-zong,and the Tongling ore districts,and in the Tengchong volcano-tectonic belt.Two regional in-situ stress monitoring networks have been set up in the Southeastern Tibet and North China.Geodynamic modeling has been performed in different scales for the lithosphere underneath the continental China.The SinoProbe has developed a series of key instrumentations,such as the cable-free self-positioning seismic exploration system,the surface electromagnetic probe(SEP)system,the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)aeromagnetic system,the super-deep(up to 10km)continental scientific drilling(CSD)equipments,and the all-in-one software for moving platform exploration and integration.For the first time,the SinoProbe has obtained deep seismic reflection evidence for the Moho of the thick crust in the central part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and for the lithospheric mantle reflection in Northeast China.The preliminary results from the MT Array observation of the SinoProbe show an abnormal electric-conductivity structure of the lithosphere underneath the Ordos Basin,providing some important evidence for the on-going destruction in western part of the North China Craton.Also,the SinoProbe has made some new understandings on the Mesozoic and Cenozoic geological evolution of the continental China,since the closure of the Central Asian and the PaleoTethys Oceans,and the Yanshan Orogenesis and the East Asian Convergence,to the closure of the NeoTethys Ocean and the India-Asian collision.