层状侵入体韵律层理形成过程的定量模拟——以四川攀枝花层状岩体为例
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摘要
层状侵入体的韵律层理是一种特殊的岩石构造,长期以来其成因倍受关注,成因假说很多。本文在综合这些观点以及关于岩浆物理、化学性质的研究,尤其是在岩浆房对流特征研究成果的基础上,提出了新的成因解释,认为固化带前锋处矿物的结晶、熔浆组分的扩散及固化带前锋本身的推进等3个因素的相互耦合是形成韵律层理的主要机制,这个过程是发生在一定过冷却条件下的。在这种定性认识基础上,笔者提出了旨在对韵律层理形成过程进行模拟计算的框架,建立了以化学动力学计算为核心的综合模拟计算方法,并对四川攀枝花岩体第Ⅱ岩相带的韵律层理进行了模拟。
Rhythmic layering is a special structure in layered intrusions and has long been studied by researchers of petrology, geochemistry and even chemistry. They have proposed many hypotheses to explain its formation. In this study, the authors propose a new model on the basis of synthesizing these hypotheses and results of studies of physical and chemical properties of magmas, particularly the results of studies of convections in the magmatic chamber. The authors hold that the main formation mechanism of layering is the coupling of crystallization and component diffusion of melt in the front of the solidification zone and advancement of the front itself and that this process occurs under supercooling conditions. From this view, the authors have proposed a pattern for formation simulation of rhythmic layering, built a compositive calculation method whose core is chemical kinetic calculation, and performed simulation of formation of the rhythmic layering in the second facies zone of the Panzhihua layered intrusion.
Rhythmic layering is a special structure in layered intrusions and has long been studied by researchers of petrology, geochemistry and even chemistry. They have proposed many hypotheses to explain its formation. In this study, the authors propose a new model on the basis of synthesizing these hypotheses and results of studies of physical and chemical properties of magmas, particularly the results of studies of convections in the magmatic chamber. The authors hold that the main formation mechanism of layering is the coupling of crystallization and component diffusion of melt in the front of the solidification zone and advancement of the front itself and that this process occurs under supercooling conditions. From this view, the authors have proposed a pattern for formation simulation of rhythmic layering, built a compositive calculation method whose core is chemical kinetic calculation, and performed simulation of formation of the rhythmic layering in the second facies zone of the Panzhihua layered intrusion.
引文
1 李德惠,茅燕石.四川攀西地区含钒钛磁铁矿层状侵入体的韵律层理及形成机理.矿物岩石,1982,2(1) :29~41.
2 张湘云.中国攀西裂谷文集.北京:地质出版社,1985.
3 宋谢炎.攀枝花层状侵入体韵律层理及岩浆演化特征.矿物岩石,1994,14(4) :37~45.
4 Wager L R. Lagered Igneous Rocks. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1968.
5 Jackson E D. The cyclic unit in Layered intrusions-a comparison of repetitive stratigraph in the ultramofic parts of the stillwater, Muskox,Great Dyke and Bushveld complexes. Sp. publ. gcol. Soc. S. Africa, 1970, (1) : 391~424.
6 Goodc A D T. Sedimentary structures and magma current velocities in the Kalka layered intrusion, Central Australia. J.Petrology ,1976, 17: 546~558.
7 McBirney A R, Noyes R M. Crystallization and layering of the Skaergaard intrusion. J. Petrology, 1979, 20: 487~552.
8 Ortoleva P. The self-organization of Liesegang bands and other precipitate patterns. Chemical Instabilities. D. Keidel Publishing company, 1984. 289~298. 329~340.
9 李如生.岩浆岩中矿物组份分布的有序现象与耦散结构.矿物学报,1984,(4) :303~310.
10 王江海.耦散结构理论与地质学研究.地球科学进展,1992,7:6~11.
11 Boudreau A E. Pattern formation during crystallization and the formation of line-scale layering. Origins of Igneous Layering.D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1987. 453~471.
12 Yifeng Wang,Merino E. Oscillatory magma crystallization by feedback between the concentration of the reaction species and mineral growth rates. J. Petrology, 1993, 34: 369~382.
13 张正阶,宋谢炎,王玉兰,马润则.席状岩浆房中的岩浆冷却及动力稳定性.岩石学报,1996,12(1) :1~16.
14 Wright T L,Okamura R T. Cooling and crystallization of thaleiitic basalt, 1965 Makaopuhi lava lake,Hawaii. US Geol. Surv.Prof. Pap., 1977, 1004: 78.
15 Mangan M T, Marsh B D. Solidification front fractionation in phenocryst-free sheet-like magma bodies. J. Geology, 1992, 100(5) : 605~ 620.
16 Marsh B D. On convective style and vigor in sheet-likc magma chambers. J. Petrology, 1989, 30: 479~530.
17 Campbell Z H. Some problems with the cumulus theory. Lithos, 1978, 11: 311~323.
18 Morse S A. Kiglapait geochemistry, I, systematics, sampling, and density. J. Petrology, 1979, 20: 555~590.
19 Ghiorso M S. Chemical mass transfer in magmatic processes.Ⅲ. crystal growth,chomical diffusion and thermal diffusion in mullicomponent silicate melts. Contrib. Mineral Petrol., 1987, 96: 291~313.
20 Nielson R L, Dungan M A. Low pressure mineral-melt equilibriu in natural anhydrous mafic systems. Contrib. Mineral Petrol., 1983, 84: 310~326.
21 李如生.地球化学自组织现象与非平衡性和非理想性.自然作用热力学与化学动力学.北京:科学技术文献出版社,1986. 54~55.
22 Bottinga Y. Density calculations for silicate liquids. I. Revised method for aluminosilicate composition. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1982, 46: 909~919.
23 Ghiorso M S, Cormichael I S E, Rivers M L , Sack R O. The Gibbs free energy of mixing of natural silicate liquids, an expanded regular solution approximation for the calculation of magmatic intensive variables. Contrib. Mineral Petrol., 1983, 84: 107~145.
24 马鸿文.结晶岩热力学概论.北京:地质出版杜,1993.
25 Dowty E. Crystal grwth and nucleation theory and the numerical simulation of igneous crystallization. Physics of Magmatic Processes. Hargraves R B. Editor. Princeton University Press , 1980. 419~476.
26 Helgeson H C, Delany J M, Nesbitt H W,Bird D K. Summary and critique of the thermodynamic properties off rock-forming minerals Am. J.Sci., 1978, 278: 1~200.
2 张湘云.中国攀西裂谷文集.北京:地质出版社,1985.
3 宋谢炎.攀枝花层状侵入体韵律层理及岩浆演化特征.矿物岩石,1994,14(4) :37~45.
4 Wager L R. Lagered Igneous Rocks. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1968.
5 Jackson E D. The cyclic unit in Layered intrusions-a comparison of repetitive stratigraph in the ultramofic parts of the stillwater, Muskox,Great Dyke and Bushveld complexes. Sp. publ. gcol. Soc. S. Africa, 1970, (1) : 391~424.
6 Goodc A D T. Sedimentary structures and magma current velocities in the Kalka layered intrusion, Central Australia. J.Petrology ,1976, 17: 546~558.
7 McBirney A R, Noyes R M. Crystallization and layering of the Skaergaard intrusion. J. Petrology, 1979, 20: 487~552.
8 Ortoleva P. The self-organization of Liesegang bands and other precipitate patterns. Chemical Instabilities. D. Keidel Publishing company, 1984. 289~298. 329~340.
9 李如生.岩浆岩中矿物组份分布的有序现象与耦散结构.矿物学报,1984,(4) :303~310.
10 王江海.耦散结构理论与地质学研究.地球科学进展,1992,7:6~11.
11 Boudreau A E. Pattern formation during crystallization and the formation of line-scale layering. Origins of Igneous Layering.D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1987. 453~471.
12 Yifeng Wang,Merino E. Oscillatory magma crystallization by feedback between the concentration of the reaction species and mineral growth rates. J. Petrology, 1993, 34: 369~382.
13 张正阶,宋谢炎,王玉兰,马润则.席状岩浆房中的岩浆冷却及动力稳定性.岩石学报,1996,12(1) :1~16.
14 Wright T L,Okamura R T. Cooling and crystallization of thaleiitic basalt, 1965 Makaopuhi lava lake,Hawaii. US Geol. Surv.Prof. Pap., 1977, 1004: 78.
15 Mangan M T, Marsh B D. Solidification front fractionation in phenocryst-free sheet-like magma bodies. J. Geology, 1992, 100(5) : 605~ 620.
16 Marsh B D. On convective style and vigor in sheet-likc magma chambers. J. Petrology, 1989, 30: 479~530.
17 Campbell Z H. Some problems with the cumulus theory. Lithos, 1978, 11: 311~323.
18 Morse S A. Kiglapait geochemistry, I, systematics, sampling, and density. J. Petrology, 1979, 20: 555~590.
19 Ghiorso M S. Chemical mass transfer in magmatic processes.Ⅲ. crystal growth,chomical diffusion and thermal diffusion in mullicomponent silicate melts. Contrib. Mineral Petrol., 1987, 96: 291~313.
20 Nielson R L, Dungan M A. Low pressure mineral-melt equilibriu in natural anhydrous mafic systems. Contrib. Mineral Petrol., 1983, 84: 310~326.
21 李如生.地球化学自组织现象与非平衡性和非理想性.自然作用热力学与化学动力学.北京:科学技术文献出版社,1986. 54~55.
22 Bottinga Y. Density calculations for silicate liquids. I. Revised method for aluminosilicate composition. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1982, 46: 909~919.
23 Ghiorso M S, Cormichael I S E, Rivers M L , Sack R O. The Gibbs free energy of mixing of natural silicate liquids, an expanded regular solution approximation for the calculation of magmatic intensive variables. Contrib. Mineral Petrol., 1983, 84: 107~145.
24 马鸿文.结晶岩热力学概论.北京:地质出版杜,1993.
25 Dowty E. Crystal grwth and nucleation theory and the numerical simulation of igneous crystallization. Physics of Magmatic Processes. Hargraves R B. Editor. Princeton University Press , 1980. 419~476.
26 Helgeson H C, Delany J M, Nesbitt H W,Bird D K. Summary and critique of the thermodynamic properties off rock-forming minerals Am. J.Sci., 1978, 278: 1~200.
目录
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