地球物理测量钻孔的标准指南:机械卡尺

详细信息   

• 标准号：ASTM D6167-2011
• 发布日期：2011
• 英文题名：Standard Guide for Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging: Mechanical Caliper
• 英文主题词：borehole correction ; borehole diameter ; borehole geophysics ; borehole volume ; caliper log ; groundwater ; single-arm caliper ; three-arm caliper ; well construction ; well logging ; Acoustic logging ; Borehole geophysical logging ; Caliper logging ; Fluid conductivity/resistivity logging ; Ground water ; Mechanical analysis/testing ; Single-arm caliper ; Three-arm caliper ; Well construction
• 标准状态：现行
• 发布单位：US-ASTM
• 国际标准分类号：19.060 (Mechanical testing)
• 载体形态：6P.;A4
• 中国标准分类号：D10
• 国别：美国材料与试验协会

文摘

An appropriately developed, documented, and executed guide is essential for the proper collection and application of caliper logs. This guide is to be used in conjunction with Guide D5753.

The benefits of its use include the following: improving selection of caliper logging methods and equipment, caliper log quality and reliability, and usefulness of the caliper log data for subsequent display and interpretation.

This guide applies to commonly used caliper logging methods for geotechnical applications.

It is essential that personnel (see the Personnel section of Guide D5753) consult up-to-date textbooks and reports on the caliper technique, application, and interpretation methods.

1.1 This guide covers the general procedures necessary to conduct caliper logging of boreholes, wells, access tubes, caissons, or shafts (hereafter referred as boreholes) as commonly applied to geologic, engineering, ground-water, and environmental (hereafter referred as geotechnical) investigations. Caliper logging for mineral or petroleum exploration and development are excluded.

1.1.1 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a projectx2019;s many unique aspects. The word x201C;Standardx201D; in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

1.2 This guide defines a caliper log as a record of borehole diameter with depth.

1.2.1 Caliper logs are essential in the interpretation of geophysical logs since they can be significantly affected by borehole diameter.

1.2.2 Caliper logs are commonly used to measure borehole diameter, shape, roughness, and stability; calculate borehole volume; provide information on borehole construction; and delineate lithologic contacts, fractures, and solution cavities and other openings.

1.2.2.1 Borehole-diameter information is essential for calculation of volumetric rate from flowmeter logs.

1.2.2.2 Caliper logs provide useful information for borehole completion and testing.

1.2.2.3 Caliper logs are used to locate the optimum placement of inflatable packers for borehole testing. Inflatable packers can only form an effective seal within a specified range of borehole diameters, and can be damaged if they are set in rough or irregular parts of the borehole.

1.2.2.4 Caliper logs are used to estimate the volume of borehole completion material (cement, gravel, etc.) needed to fill the annular space between borehole and casing(s) or well screen.

1.2.2.5 Caliper logs may be applied to correlate lithology between boreholes based upon enlargements related to lithology. The measured borehole diameter may be significantly different than the drilled diameter because of plastic formations extruded into the borehole and friable formations enlarging the borehole. A series of caliper logs may also show increases or decreases in borehole diameter with time.

1.3 This guide is restricted to mechanically based devices with spring-loaded......