• 责任者：Yang Jingsui (State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics ; Institute of Geology ; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences ; Beijing 100037 ; China) ; Xu Xiangzhen
• 刊名：Acta Geoscientica Sinica
• 出版年：2013
• 卷期：34(6)
• 关键词：金刚石矿 ; diamond deposit ; 铬铁矿矿床 ; chromite deposit ; 矿床成因 ; mineral deposit genesis
• 页码：p.643-653
• 图表：6 illus., 84 refs.
• 分类号：1001
• issnNo：ISSN1006-3021
• isbnNo：CN11-3474/P

     The three main occurrences of natural diamond currently recognized on Earth are kimberlites from the deep mantle under cratonic lithosphere, ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks formed by subduction of continental crust, and meteorites and rocks in impact structures. Based on the discovery of diamonds and other ultrahigh-pressure minerals in ophiolitic mantle peridotites and podiform chromitites from 10 ophiolites in 5 plate boundaries, we propose a new occurrence of diamond, called ophiolite diamond. We suggest that ophiolite diamond exists universally in the mantle rocks beneath oceanic lithosphere, and thus propose a model that diamond-hosted chromitites and mantle rocks form at depths over 300 km at the top of the transition zone between the upper and lower mantle. The carbon and other crustal materials were derived from earlier subducted crust. The diamond-bearing chromitites and mantle rocks are brought to shallow depth by mantle convection and emplaced at plate boundaries along with other oceanic lithosphere.