By analyzing the Quaternary sedimentary environment of the middle Gangdese, the authors study the effects of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau uplift on the Quaternary climatic and ecological environment. The uplift of the plateau not only led to several periods of glaciation that occurred in mountainous areas, but also resulted in the formation of Loess Plateau, the Asian inland Gobi and large deserts. It has caused the retreation of highland lakes, dropping of lake surface and the evolution toward salty lakes. Some drainages also changed into inland water systems, forming a corresponding variety of ecological systems, as well as a unique plateau climate. As a result, the climatic effects of plateau uplift extend to the whole world, leading to the global environment change.