The present work employed an X-ray CT scanner to study a fossil pine cone recovered from the upper Miocene in Yunnan. This is the attempt to apply the technique on Chinese fossil plant material. The X-ray CT scanner has revealed the detailed internal structure of the pine cone; this structure is useful for a close comparison with the extant Pinus kesiya. At the moment, the level of resolution is the limiting factor for a wide application of this technique. There is little doubt that, once the resolution is improved, this technique may become a brand new way of research on fossil plants.