摘要
合成了三个系列的表面活性剂,通过反应挤出将其与线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)进行接枝反应,制备了三个系列的接枝共聚物。
第一个系列是以硬脂酰氯及聚氧乙烯为原料,合成了含有不同分子量聚氧乙烯(M=200、600、1000、2000、6000)的表面活性剂a、b、c、d和e与它们的丙烯酸酯A、B、C、D和E。以红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振(1H-NMR)表征其结构,并用最大泡压法测定了a、b、c、d和e的表面张力。以其作为接枝单体,利用反应挤出接枝的方法制备了系列聚乙烯接枝共聚物,用FTIR确定了接枝共聚物的结构和接枝率;用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、接触角测量仪、X-射线光电能谱(XPS)和广角X-射线衍射(WAXD)对接枝共聚物的热性能、结晶行为和表面性能进行了测试分析。结果表明,随着聚氧乙烯分子量的增加,表面活性剂的表面活性降低;聚乙烯接枝共聚物的结晶温度和结晶度均比空白LLDPE高,但没有破坏晶体结构;功能化聚乙烯具有较好的亲水性。
第二个系列是以全氟聚醚及聚氧乙烯为原料,以甲苯2,4-二异氰酸酯为联接基团,合成了含有不同分子量聚氧乙烯(M=200、600、1000、2000、6000)的表面活性剂I、II、III、IV和V。以FTIR和1H-NMR表征其结构,并用最大泡压法测定了其表面张力。以其作为接枝单体,利用反应挤出接枝的方法制备了系列功能化聚乙烯产物,用FTIR确定了接枝共聚物的结构和接枝率;用DSC、接触角测量仪、XPS和WAXD对接枝共聚物的热性能、结晶行为和表面性能进行了测试分析。结果表明,氟表面活性剂随着聚氧乙烯分子量的增加,表面活性降低;聚乙烯接枝共聚物的结晶温度和结晶度均比空白LLDPE高,但没有破坏晶体结构;功能化聚乙烯具有较好的亲水性。
第三个系列是以聚二甲基硅氧烷及聚氧乙烯为原料,以甲苯2,4-二异氰酸酯为联接基团,合成了含有不同分子量聚氧乙烯(M=200、600、1000)的表面活性剂的x、y和z与它们的丙烯酸酯X、Y和Z。以FTIR和1H-NMR表征其结构,并用最大泡压法测定了x、y和z的表面张力。以X、Y和Z作为接枝单体,与LLDPE反应挤出接枝,得到三种接枝共聚物。用DSC、接触角测量仪、XPS和WAXD对接枝共聚物进行了测试分析。结果表明,含硅表面活性剂随着聚氧乙烯分子量的增加,表面活性降低;聚乙烯接枝共聚物的结晶温度和结晶度比空白线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)高,且改善了LLDPE的亲水性。
Three series of novel nonionic surfactants were synthesized. Three series of grafted copolymers were prepared by using the surfactants and linear low density polyethylene as starting materials. The grafting reaction was carried out by using melt reactive extrusion procedure.
The first series of surfactants a, b, c, d, e and their acrylates A, B, C, D and E were synthesized by using stearoyl chloride and poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)(200, 600, 1000, 2000, 6000) as the main starting materials. Their chemical structures were characterized by means of FTIR and 1H-NMR. The surface tensions (γ) of a, b, c, d and e were evaluated by maximum bubble pressure method. A, B, C, D and E were adopted as the grafting monomers of LLDPE, and grafting reaction was carried out by using melt reactive extrusion procedure. Their thermal properties of grafted copolymers were studied by using DSC, and their surface properties were characterized by measuring contact angle, XPS and WAXD. It was found that their surface tension increased with the molecular weight of PEO, their crystallization temperature and crystallization degrees of grafted copolymers were higher than that of the plain LLDPE. The hydrophilic property of the grafted copolymers was better than the plain LLDPE.
The second series of surfactants I, II, III, IV and V were synthesized by using perfluoro-polyoxyethylene ether and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) (200, 600, 1000, 2000, 6000) as the main starting materials. TDI was adopted as the space groups.Their chemical structures were characterized by means of FTIR and 1H-NMR. Their surface tensions were evaluated by maximum bubble pressure method. I, II, III, IV and V were adopted as the grafting monomers of LLDPE, and grafting reaction was carried out by using melt reactive extrusion procedure. Their thermal properties of grafted copolymers were studied by using DSC, their surface properties were characterized by measuring contact angle, XPS and WAXD. It was found that their surface tension increased with the molecular weight of PEO. Their crystallization temperature and crystallization degrees of grafted copolymers were higher than that of the plain LLDPE. The hydrophilic property of the grafted copolymers was better than the plain LLDPE.
The third series of surfactants x, y ,z and their acrylates X, Y, Z were synthesized by using poly(dimethysiloxane) and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) (200,600, 1000) as the main starting materials. TDI was adopted as the space groups. Their chemical structures were characterized by means of FTIR and 1H-NMR. The surface tensions of x, y, z were evaluated by maximum bubble pressure method. X, Y, Z were adopted as the grafting monomers of LLDPE, and grafting reaction was carried out by using melt reactive extrusion procedure. Their thermal properties of grafted copolymers were studied by using DSC, their surface properties were characterized by measuring contact angle, XPS and WAXD. It was found that their surface tension increased with the molecular weight of PEO. Their crystallization temperature and crystallization degrees of grafted copolymers were higher than that of the plain LLDPE. The hydrophilic property of the grafted copolymers was better than the plain LLDPE.
引文
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