摘要
雷达导引头是现代大多数反舰导弹末制导的主传感器,其性能直接影响反舰导弹的作战效能。传统体制的雷达导引头难以适应现代战场的复杂电磁环境,深入开展对抗条件下的雷达导引头抗干扰技术研究,提高雷达导引头适应复杂战场环境的能力,是当前迫切需要解决的军事问题之一。
为了解决雷达导引头受到干扰后,反舰导弹命中精度下降的问题,本文提出了基于惯导信息利用的雷达导引头抗干扰方法,以提高反舰导弹作战效能。论文主要包括三个部分,分别是反舰导弹雷达导引头面临的干扰、惯导系统误差分析以及基于惯导信息利用的反舰导弹抗干扰策略研究。
依据反舰导弹作战典型特点,第二章将雷达导引头面临的干扰分为舷外无源干扰、舷外有源诱饵和舰载有源干扰三类,分别从原理与战术运用方面进行了较为详细的阐述和分析。这些分析可为雷达导引头采取的抗干扰措施以及仿真试验场景的设置提供一定理论支撑。
惯导信息在反舰导弹末制导跟踪阶段应用时,惯导系统的导航误差影响着导弹对目标的跟踪精度。因此,第三章在阐述惯性导航系统原理的基础上,分析方位指北式平台惯导系统的力学编排,给出其数学模型和误差模型,并通过计算机仿真对典型弹道的惯导系统误差特性进行了定量分析。
针对反舰导弹雷达导引头受到干扰的场景,第四章提出了两种反舰导弹雷达导引头抗干扰方法,分别是基于惯导信息利用的抗箔条质心干扰方法与基于惯导信息利用的抗噪声压制式干扰方法。第一种方法针对雷达导引头受到箔条质心干扰的场景,通过综合利用惯导与雷达导引头信息进行抗干扰。提出该抗干扰思路后,建立了抗干扰仿真关键模型,并利用计算机仿真验证了该方法抗箔条质心干扰的有效性;同时通过仿真分析了惯导系统定位精度、舰艇机动方式、干扰施放时弹舰距离、比例导引系数、目标回波信噪比等因素对反舰导弹命中概率的影响。第二种方法主要针对雷达导引头受到噪声压制式干扰的场景,基于惯导信息利用进行抗干扰。在提出该抗干扰方法后,建立抗干扰仿真关键模型,通过计算机仿真对该方法抗噪声压制式干扰的效果进行了分析。仿真结果表明,干扰施放时弹舰距离较小,该方法能够有效对抗噪声压制式干扰;弹舰距离较大,舰艇机动方式制约着抗干扰方法的应用。
Radar seeker is the main sensor of most Anti-ship Missiles(ASM) in terminal guidance, and its performance has a direct impact on ASM performance. It is difficult for traditional radar seeker to adapt to the complex electromagnetic environment of modern battlefields. Accordingly, it is urgent to research on anti-jamming techniques of radar seeker under confrontation condition and improve the adaptability of radar seeker to electromagnetic environment in modern battlefield.
If the radar seeker is jammed, the precision of ASM would decrease. The thesis proposed an anti-jamming method based on Inertial Navigation System(INS) information to improve the performance of ASM. It consists of three parts, which is the pattern of ASM electromagnetic jammers, analysis of INS error and the anti-jamming method based on INS information.
Based on the operating characteristics of ASM, the second chapter divided jamming into three patterns: outboard passive jamming, outboard active bait and ship-borne active interference. And it analyzed the principle and tactical operation in detail. The above analysis provides theoretical basis for anti-jamming measures of radar seekers and scenario settings of simulation.
When INS information is used in target tracking of ASM, the navigation error affects the tracking accuracy of the missiles. Therefore, the third chapter is based on the principle of the INS, and analyzed the mechanic configuration of north-pointing INS platform, derives the mathematical model and analyzes the error characteristics of INS by simulation.
According to the scenarios of jammed ASM radar seekers, two anti-jamming methods are proposed in chapter 4. One solved the chaff centroid jamming based on INS information. The other is proposed for noise suppressing jamming based on INS information. According to the scenario of chaff centroid jamming, the first anti-jamming method made use of both INS information and radar seeker information. The model of anti-jamming simulation is then established and simulation was conducted to verify the effectiveness of this anti-jamming method. It also simulated the affects of the following factors on hitting probability: the position accuracy of INS, target ship maneuvering, the distance between missile and ship when false target is released, the proportional navigation ratio, the SNR of reflected waves, and so on. The second method is proposed for noise suppressing jamming , which is based on the INS information. Simulation model is established accordingly, and the effects of this anti-jamming method is analyzed. Simulation results show that this method is able to anti jamming when the distance between the missile and the target is small, but when the distance of missile-to-target is large, target ship maneuvering restrict the implementation of this anti-jamming method.
引文
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