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微摩擦测试仪中微力传感器的研究
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摘要
微光机电系统(MEMS)的出现,说明微电子技术已经渗透到机械、光学等多个传统领域,使系统集成和批量化生产成为可能,同时也给我们提出了许多新的问题。摩擦问题对于所有运动机构来说都是不可回避的。传统的摩擦学理论在微系统中是否适用需要我们去考察。
     宏观摩擦现象的研究一直是采用以试验为基础的综合分析方法,对于微摩擦研究,由于微机电系统结构体积比较小,且所测摩擦力和正压力亦为微小量,这就给微摩擦测试装置的实现带来了很大的困难。传统的传感器在测量精度较高时,其分辨率、灵敏度等均不符合测试要求。针对传统传感器的不足,本文研究了基于微机械工艺制造的微力传感器。由于微机械工艺采用的技术多是半导体工业的硅表面工艺和体硅加工工艺,因此这种传感器可以大批量制造,且具有低成本、高精度、低驱动、高可靠性、低功耗、占用空间小、重量轻和响应速度快等优点。为此本文提出了采用微机械工艺加工微力传感器的办法。在课题组老师们的指导下,开展了以下工作:
     本文在查阅了大量国内外文献资料,针对微摩擦测试的特点,设计了微摩擦测试仪的基本结构。
     设计并制作完成了适用于该微摩擦测试仪的微力传感器。
     由于该微摩擦测试仪要求的分辨力很高,而运算放大器本身的输入噪声严重影响系统的分辨率,为此设计完成了基于斩波放大原理的放大电路。
     对微力传感器进行了性能测试。实验表明,采用微机械工艺制作传感器的结构和采用斩波放大电路作为后续处理电路的微力传感器取得了较好的结果。
The appearance of the Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) shows that the 1C technology has penetrated into some traditional domains such as mechanics and optics. It makes the batch and integrated microsystem possible. However many new problems arose. Since the first micromotor appeared, the problem of friction becomes serious. In fact, it can't be avoided for all motional mechanisms. Whether the traditional frictional theory is still suitable for microsystem should be studied.
    The research of macro friction phenomena is a synthetically analytical method based on test. However, in micro world, the friction force and vertical press are all minute, which brings difficulties to test. When high measure precision is required, the resolution and sensitivity will be higher and not easy to obtain. There are several possible ways to solve the problem. Considering the size, the cost and the stability of the measuring system, the method based on strain gauge was chosen.
    Micro force sensor is a key part of the measurement. The silicon force sensor using bulk silicon process has lots of advantages such as batch producible, low cost, high precision, small driving force, high reliability, low power consuming, small dimension, light weight and quick response, etc. Therefore, a scheme is proposed in this paper. Under the guidance of the researchers in the group of MEMS in CIOMP, the developments are as follows:
    The configuration of a micro friction test instrument was designed with references to large quantities of domestic and foreign literatures.
    A kind of micro force sensor for the micro friction test was designed and fabricated.
    In order to obtain high resolution of the instrument, the effect of input noise of amplifier must be decreased. Hereby, an amplifier circuit based on the chopping theory was developed for it.
    
    
    
    The performances of the micro force sensor were tested and a decent result was obtained.
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