摘要
近年来大地震频繁发生,造成了巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失,认识地震和地震发生机制已成为地质学家和地球物理学家共同的奋斗目标。科学钻探是获取地下深部物质、了解深部信息的最直接、最有效、最可靠的方法,因此,科学钻探是认识和揭示地震断裂作用的最佳手段。本文介绍了目前世界上主要的地震科学钻探计划,包括位于环太平洋地震带的日本野岛(Nojima)断层科学钻探计划、台湾车笼埔断裂钻探计划(TCDP)、圣安德烈斯断裂深部观测钻探计划(SAFOD)、新西兰深部断层钻探计划(DFDP)、日本南海海槽发震带试验钻探计划(NanTroSEIZE)、日本海沟地震快速钻探计划(JFAST)和大陆内部地震的汶川地震断裂带科学钻探计划(WFSD),简要概括了这些科学钻探计划所取得的有关地震研究的重要进展与贡献,并且通过这些成果探讨了未来地震研究趋势。
Large earthquakes happened frequently and caused huge casualties and property losses in the last two decades, and hence understanding the earthquakes and their mechanisms have become the common goals of geologists and geophysicists. Scientific drilling, considered as the most direct, effective and reliable method to acquire materials from deep depths, is the best way to learn seismic faulting mechanisms. In this paper, the authors introduce the major earthquake scientific drilling projects in the world,which include the Nojima Fault project following the 1995 Kobe earthquake(Japan), the Taiwan Chelungpu Fault Drilling project(TCDP), the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth(SAFOD) in Parkfield(California), the Deep Fault Drilling Project(DFDP) in New Zealand, the Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment(NanTroSEIZE), the Japan Trench Fast Drilling Project(JFAST) along the circum-Pacific seismic belt, as well as the intracontinental Wenchuan earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling project(WFSD). The authors briefly summarize the important progresses and contribution of seismological research obtained from these scientific drilling projects, discuss the future seismic research trends.