采场顶板破断型震源机制及其分析
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摘要
作为一种区域、实时、动态监测手段,微震监测技术用于预测预报冲击矿压等地质灾害乃至防灾减灾完全可行,而不同震源震动机制的研究是微震法预测预报冲击矿压的前提和基础。采场顶板是影响煤矿冲击矿压发生的重要因素,在分析采场坚硬顶板断裂过程的基础上,建立坚硬顶板断裂震动的等效点源模型,并根据该模型用震动波理论分析坚硬顶板断裂的震动位移方程,揭示了坚硬顶板断裂的震源机制,并通过三河尖矿微震监测的坚硬顶板断裂信号验证分析结果的正确性。研究表明,采场顶板由于受源外介质的拉力作用,断裂时震源会产生波前向外传播的压缩波,震源处岩体破坏主要为张性拉伸破坏。研究结果可为顶板型冲击矿压的预测预报和防治提供理论依据。
As a regional,real-time and dynamic monitoring means,the microseismic monitoring technology is quite feasible to forecast several geological hazards,such as rockburst,mine tremor,coal and gas outburst,and so on. And because of the good expandable nature of this technique,it even can prevent and reduce these disasters. The study on the focal mechanism of different hypocenters or seismic sources is the prerequisite and basis for forecasting rockburst by microseismic monitoring technology. Roof structure,especially hard and thick sandstone roof,is one of the main factors leading to the occurrence of rockburst. Based on the analysis of the fracture of hard roof,the equivalent point source model of the tremor or rockburst caused by hard roof is Constructed. According to the model,the seismic displacement equation of hard roof is analyzed by using seismic wave theory. Based on the above analysis,the focal mechanism caused by the rupture of roof is pointed out. The microseismic signals of the fracture of hard roof acquired by the microseismic monitoring system in Sanhejian Mine validate the theoretical analysis results. The results show that by the tensile strength of medium nearby the seismic source,the wave field will generate compression wave in the seismic source and induce tensile fracture at the moment of rock breakage, which is different from the style of failure in the coal pillar and fault. The results can be used to provide theoretical basis to forecast and prevent rockburst caused by hard roof.
As a regional,real-time and dynamic monitoring means,the microseismic monitoring technology is quite feasible to forecast several geological hazards,such as rockburst,mine tremor,coal and gas outburst,and so on. And because of the good expandable nature of this technique,it even can prevent and reduce these disasters. The study on the focal mechanism of different hypocenters or seismic sources is the prerequisite and basis for forecasting rockburst by microseismic monitoring technology. Roof structure,especially hard and thick sandstone roof,is one of the main factors leading to the occurrence of rockburst. Based on the analysis of the fracture of hard roof,the equivalent point source model of the tremor or rockburst caused by hard roof is Constructed. According to the model,the seismic displacement equation of hard roof is analyzed by using seismic wave theory. Based on the above analysis,the focal mechanism caused by the rupture of roof is pointed out. The microseismic signals of the fracture of hard roof acquired by the microseismic monitoring system in Sanhejian Mine validate the theoretical analysis results. The results show that by the tensile strength of medium nearby the seismic source,the wave field will generate compression wave in the seismic source and induce tensile fracture at the moment of rock breakage, which is different from the style of failure in the coal pillar and fault. The results can be used to provide theoretical basis to forecast and prevent rockburst caused by hard roof.
引文
[1]窦林名,何学秋.冲击矿压防治理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001.(DOU Linming,HE Xueqiu.Theory and technology of rockburst prevention[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2001.(in Chinese))
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[6]牟宗龙,窦林名.坚硬顶板突然断裂过程中的突变模型[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2004,4(3):90–94.(MU Zonglong,DOU Linming.The cusp type catastrophic model of the fracture process of hard rock roof[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2004,4(3):90–94.(in Chinese))
[7]吴志刚,翟明华,周廷振.徐州西部矿区坚硬顶板来压预测预报[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(2):163–170.(WU Zhigang,ZHAI Minghua,ZHOU Yanzhen.Prediction to roof pressure of the west mine in Xuzhou[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(2):163–170.(in Chinese))
[8]史红,姜福兴,汪华君.综放采场周期来压阶段顶板结构稳定性与顶煤放出率的关系[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(23):4233–4238.(SHI Hong,JIANG Fuxing,WANG Huajun.Study on relationship between roof stability and top coal′s recovery ratio during cyclic weighting in fully-mechanized sublevel caving face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(23):4233–4238.(in Chinese))
[9]缪协兴,陈荣华,浦海,等.采场覆岩厚关键层破断与冒落规律分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1289–1295.(MIAO Xiexing,CHEN Ronghua,PU Hai,et al.Analysis of breakage and collapse of thick key strata around coal face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(8):1289–1295.(in Chinese))
[10]KENNETT B L N.Seismic wave propagation in stratified media[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1983.
[11]BULLEN K E,BOLT B A.An introduction to the theory of seismology[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1985.
[12]PUJOL J,HERRMANN R B.A student′s guide to point sources in homogeneous media[J].Seismol.Res.Lett.,1990,61(2):209–224.
[13]GELLER R J.Body force equivalents for stress-drop seismic sources[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1976,66(10):1801–1804.
[14]BEN-MENAHEM A,SINGH S J.Seismic waves and sources[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1981.
[15]SLAWOMIR J G,ANDRZEJ K.矿山地震学引论[M].修济刚译.北京:地震出版社,1996.(SLAWOMIR J G,ANDRZEJ K.An introduction to mining seismology[M].Translated by XIU Jigang.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1996.(in Chinese))
[16]窦林名,何学秋.采矿地球物理学[M].北京:中国科学文化出版社,2002.(DOU Linming,HE Xueqiu.Mining geophysics[M].Beijing:China Science and Culture Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[17]杜世通.地震波动力学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1996.(DU Shitong.Dynamics of seismic wave[M].Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,1996.(in Chinese))
[18]WHITE J E.地下的声音[M].齐国英译.北京:地震出版社,1986.(WHITE J E.Underground sound[M].Translated by QI Guoying.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1986.(in Chinese))
[2]郭然,潘长良.有岩爆倾向硬岩矿床采矿理论与技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2003.(GUO Ran,PAN Changliang.Theory andtechnology of hard-rockburst-prone mining[M].Beijing:China Metallurgical Industry Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[3]张少泉,关杰,刘力强,等.矿山地震研究进展[J].国际地震动态,1994,(2):1–5.(ZHANG Shaoquan,GUAN Jie,LIU Liqiang,et al.Progress in research on mine earthquakes[J].Rccent Developments in World Seismology,1994,(2):1–5.(in Chinese))
[4]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.(QIAN Minggao,SHI Pingwu.Ground pressure and strata control[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[5]宋振琪.实用矿山压力控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1998.(SONG Zhenqi.Practical underground pressure controlling[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,1998.(in Chinese))
[6]牟宗龙,窦林名.坚硬顶板突然断裂过程中的突变模型[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2004,4(3):90–94.(MU Zonglong,DOU Linming.The cusp type catastrophic model of the fracture process of hard rock roof[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2004,4(3):90–94.(in Chinese))
[7]吴志刚,翟明华,周廷振.徐州西部矿区坚硬顶板来压预测预报[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(2):163–170.(WU Zhigang,ZHAI Minghua,ZHOU Yanzhen.Prediction to roof pressure of the west mine in Xuzhou[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(2):163–170.(in Chinese))
[8]史红,姜福兴,汪华君.综放采场周期来压阶段顶板结构稳定性与顶煤放出率的关系[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(23):4233–4238.(SHI Hong,JIANG Fuxing,WANG Huajun.Study on relationship between roof stability and top coal′s recovery ratio during cyclic weighting in fully-mechanized sublevel caving face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(23):4233–4238.(in Chinese))
[9]缪协兴,陈荣华,浦海,等.采场覆岩厚关键层破断与冒落规律分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1289–1295.(MIAO Xiexing,CHEN Ronghua,PU Hai,et al.Analysis of breakage and collapse of thick key strata around coal face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(8):1289–1295.(in Chinese))
[10]KENNETT B L N.Seismic wave propagation in stratified media[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1983.
[11]BULLEN K E,BOLT B A.An introduction to the theory of seismology[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1985.
[12]PUJOL J,HERRMANN R B.A student′s guide to point sources in homogeneous media[J].Seismol.Res.Lett.,1990,61(2):209–224.
[13]GELLER R J.Body force equivalents for stress-drop seismic sources[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1976,66(10):1801–1804.
[14]BEN-MENAHEM A,SINGH S J.Seismic waves and sources[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1981.
[15]SLAWOMIR J G,ANDRZEJ K.矿山地震学引论[M].修济刚译.北京:地震出版社,1996.(SLAWOMIR J G,ANDRZEJ K.An introduction to mining seismology[M].Translated by XIU Jigang.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1996.(in Chinese))
[16]窦林名,何学秋.采矿地球物理学[M].北京:中国科学文化出版社,2002.(DOU Linming,HE Xueqiu.Mining geophysics[M].Beijing:China Science and Culture Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[17]杜世通.地震波动力学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1996.(DU Shitong.Dynamics of seismic wave[M].Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,1996.(in Chinese))
[18]WHITE J E.地下的声音[M].齐国英译.北京:地震出版社,1986.(WHITE J E.Underground sound[M].Translated by QI Guoying.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1986.(in Chinese))
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