汶川地区城镇发展历史地理考
|
摘要
采取史料分析等研究方法,针对汶川地震极重灾区中破坏最为严重的汶川、茂县、平武、北川、青川5县,追溯远古时期区域空间环境的生成,分析古代城镇发展的历史沿革,并对近现代城镇发展的嬗变进行反思,以期对当前的汶川灾后重建工作提供借鉴。汶川地区城镇发展历史悠久,军事、交通及政治地位重要,其灾后重建不宜盲目采取异地重建的模式;近现代以工矿业为主导的发展模式形成对区域生态环境的严重破坏,是加剧地震灾害破坏的重要原因之一,必须转变发展模式,从根本上协调城乡空间发展与自然环境的关系,并将区域生态环境的恢复作为一项十分重要的工作目标;当地"大分散、小聚居,乡村化"的传统聚居模式对灾后重建规划具有积极的借鉴意义。
By means of historical literature analysis,this paper makes a study on the historical geography of Wenchuan,Maoxian,Pingwu,Beichuan and Qingchuan which was the worst-hit counties in "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake. The five counties have centuries history and important martial,traffic and political status,and the post-quake recon-struction of the area should not adopt the model of reconstruction in other places. The modern second-ary industry led development model destroyed the regional natural environment and it was one of the most important inducements of "5·12" tragedy. So efforts should be made to change the development model and harmonize the relationship of urban-rural development and natural environment,and try to re-cover the regional natural environment. The local tra-ditional habitation pattern featured by decentraliza-tion in large range,gathering in lesser range and ruralization has important reference value for the plan-ning and design of post-disaster reconstruction.
By means of historical literature analysis,this paper makes a study on the historical geography of Wenchuan,Maoxian,Pingwu,Beichuan and Qingchuan which was the worst-hit counties in "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake. The five counties have centuries history and important martial,traffic and political status,and the post-quake recon-struction of the area should not adopt the model of reconstruction in other places. The modern second-ary industry led development model destroyed the regional natural environment and it was one of the most important inducements of "5·12" tragedy. So efforts should be made to change the development model and harmonize the relationship of urban-rural development and natural environment,and try to re-cover the regional natural environment. The local tra-ditional habitation pattern featured by decentraliza-tion in large range,gathering in lesser range and ruralization has important reference value for the plan-ning and design of post-disaster reconstruction.
引文
①、③、⑥、⑦数据引自汶川、茂县、平武、北川、青川5县的县志。
②茂州前身为汉武帝元鼎六年(前111年)所置汶山郡,辖绵、汶江、蚕陵、广柔、湔县等5县,唐至清时改称茂州。参见:参考文献[3],p58-61,108.
⑧《汶川县志(1986-2000)》曰:“全国县级地震机构中,汶川有四个第一,即:监测仪器数量第一,人员总数第一,监测预报效果第一,科技成果第一”。参见:参考文献[2],p498.
1汶川县地方志编纂委员会.汶川县志[M].北京:民族出版社,1992.
2汶川县史志编纂委员会.汶川县志(1986-2000)[M].成都:四川出版集团巴蜀书社,2007.
3茂汶羌族自治县地方志编纂委员会.茂汶羌族自治县志[M].成都:四川辞书出版社,1997.
4平武县县志编纂委员会.平武县志[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1997.
5北川县志编纂委员会.北川县志[M].北京:方志出版社,1996.
6《青川县志》编纂委员会.青川县志[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1992.
7段渝.四川通史(第一册)[M].成都:四川大学出版社,1993.
8《四川地震资料汇编》编辑组.四川地震资料汇编(第二卷)[M].成都:四川人民出版社,1981.
9刘清泉,高天宇.四川经济地理[M].北京:新华出版社,1997.
10李世平.四川人口史[M].成都:四川大学出版社,1987.
11郭正吾,邓康龄,韩永辉,等.四川盆地形成与演化[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.
12冉光荣.四川岷江上游地区历史文化研究[C].成都:四川大学出版社,1996.
13刘淑珍,沈镇兴.四川省县级农业地貌区划及耕地分布规律研究[M].成都:地图出版社,1990.
14游时敏.四川近代贸易史料[M].成都:四川大学出版社,1990.
15马克思恩格斯编译局.马克思恩格斯全集(第1卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1995.
16新华社.专家详解四川汶川特大地震的特征与成因[N/OL].中央政府门户网站,2008-06-27.[2008-08-03].http://www.g ov.cn/fwxx/kp/2008-06/27/content_1029249.htm
17冯汉镛.栈道考[J].人文杂志,1957,(3).
18长江水土保持局.长江上游及西南诸河区科考组深入岷江上游生态脆弱区考察[N/O L].长江水土保持局网,2005-10-24.[2008-06-07].http://www.cjstbc.com/POParticle/14/1001.Html
19汶川地震引发地质灾害特点:范围广、程度深、危害大、持续长[N/OL].新华网,2008-05-30.[2008-06-07].http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2008-05/30/content_8287000.htm.
②茂州前身为汉武帝元鼎六年(前111年)所置汶山郡,辖绵、汶江、蚕陵、广柔、湔县等5县,唐至清时改称茂州。参见:参考文献[3],p58-61,108.
⑧《汶川县志(1986-2000)》曰:“全国县级地震机构中,汶川有四个第一,即:监测仪器数量第一,人员总数第一,监测预报效果第一,科技成果第一”。参见:参考文献[2],p498.
1汶川县地方志编纂委员会.汶川县志[M].北京:民族出版社,1992.
2汶川县史志编纂委员会.汶川县志(1986-2000)[M].成都:四川出版集团巴蜀书社,2007.
3茂汶羌族自治县地方志编纂委员会.茂汶羌族自治县志[M].成都:四川辞书出版社,1997.
4平武县县志编纂委员会.平武县志[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1997.
5北川县志编纂委员会.北川县志[M].北京:方志出版社,1996.
6《青川县志》编纂委员会.青川县志[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1992.
7段渝.四川通史(第一册)[M].成都:四川大学出版社,1993.
8《四川地震资料汇编》编辑组.四川地震资料汇编(第二卷)[M].成都:四川人民出版社,1981.
9刘清泉,高天宇.四川经济地理[M].北京:新华出版社,1997.
10李世平.四川人口史[M].成都:四川大学出版社,1987.
11郭正吾,邓康龄,韩永辉,等.四川盆地形成与演化[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.
12冉光荣.四川岷江上游地区历史文化研究[C].成都:四川大学出版社,1996.
13刘淑珍,沈镇兴.四川省县级农业地貌区划及耕地分布规律研究[M].成都:地图出版社,1990.
14游时敏.四川近代贸易史料[M].成都:四川大学出版社,1990.
15马克思恩格斯编译局.马克思恩格斯全集(第1卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1995.
16新华社.专家详解四川汶川特大地震的特征与成因[N/OL].中央政府门户网站,2008-06-27.[2008-08-03].http://www.g ov.cn/fwxx/kp/2008-06/27/content_1029249.htm
17冯汉镛.栈道考[J].人文杂志,1957,(3).
18长江水土保持局.长江上游及西南诸河区科考组深入岷江上游生态脆弱区考察[N/O L].长江水土保持局网,2005-10-24.[2008-06-07].http://www.cjstbc.com/POParticle/14/1001.Html
19汶川地震引发地质灾害特点:范围广、程度深、危害大、持续长[N/OL].新华网,2008-05-30.[2008-06-07].http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2008-05/30/content_8287000.htm.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心