汶川大地震液化的特点及带来的新问题
|
摘要
总结汶川8.0级大地震液化及其震害科学考察结果,分析此次地震液化带来的新问题。结果表明,汶川大地震中液化及其震害现象显著,是建国以来液化涉及区域最广、液化宏观现象最为丰富的一次;本次地震液化宏观现象特点为喷水高、持时短、喷砂量小但喷砂类型十分丰富;砂砾土液化、Ⅵ度区内场地液化、深层土液化、无液化减震以及液化普遍伴随地裂缝是此次地震液化5个突出特征;砂砾土液化判别技术、液化引起地表裂缝机理和预测方法、Ⅵ度区内场地液化与深层土的液化机理和预测方法、液化加减震发生条件、场地液化现场判定与识别技术等是新的课题。为解决上述问题,应优先发展岩土地震工程观测技术及建设岩土地震工程实验场。
The scientific investigation on liquefaction induced by Wenchuan earthquake is outlined and presented herein,and new aspects concerning on liquefaction are analyzed and proposed.The results show:(1) the liquefaction and associated damage in the event are dramatic,involving widest areas and abundant macrophenomena;(2) the features of liquefaction are high water-jet,short duration and small quantity of ejected materials,but the categories of ejected sand are various;(3) five remarkable features are gravel liquefaction,liquefaction in seismic intensity VI regions,deep soil liquefaction,liquefaction exacerbation effect on structures and most liquefaction with cracks;(4)evaluation methods of gravel soil,mechanism and predicting methods of cracks caused by liquefaction,mechanism and predicting methods of liquefaction in seismic intensity VI and deep soil liquefaction,conditions of liquefaction exacerbation effect and energy absorption effect and liquefaction detection techniques are also new aspects.Therefore,it is completely necessary to develop new monitoring and measurement technologies and establish geotechnical earthquake engineering in-situ testing labs.
The scientific investigation on liquefaction induced by Wenchuan earthquake is outlined and presented herein,and new aspects concerning on liquefaction are analyzed and proposed.The results show:(1) the liquefaction and associated damage in the event are dramatic,involving widest areas and abundant macrophenomena;(2) the features of liquefaction are high water-jet,short duration and small quantity of ejected materials,but the categories of ejected sand are various;(3) five remarkable features are gravel liquefaction,liquefaction in seismic intensity VI regions,deep soil liquefaction,liquefaction exacerbation effect on structures and most liquefaction with cracks;(4)evaluation methods of gravel soil,mechanism and predicting methods of cracks caused by liquefaction,mechanism and predicting methods of liquefaction in seismic intensity VI and deep soil liquefaction,conditions of liquefaction exacerbation effect and energy absorption effect and liquefaction detection techniques are also new aspects.Therefore,it is completely necessary to develop new monitoring and measurement technologies and establish geotechnical earthquake engineering in-situ testing labs.
引文
[1]刘恢先.唐山大地震震害[M].北京:地震出版社,1989.LIU Huixian.The Tangshan Great Earthquake in 1976[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1989.
[2]中国科学院工程力学研究所,海城地震震害[M].北京:地震出版社,1979.Institute of Engineering Mechanics.The haicheng earthquake damages[M].Beijing:Seismic Press,1979.
[3]汪闻韶.土体液化与极限平衡和破坏的区别和关系[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(1):1-10.WANG Wenshao.Distinction and interrelation between liquefaction state of limit equilibrium and failure of soil mass[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2005.27(1):1-10.
[4]孙锐,袁晓铭.第11届国际地动力学和地震工程会议及第13届世界地震工程会议砂土液化研究综述[J].世界地震工程,2006,22(1):15-20.SUN Rui,YUAN Xiaoming.Summarization of earthquake liquefaction on 13～(th)WCEE and 11～(th)SDEE[J].World Earthuqake Engineeer-ing,2006,22(1):5-20.
[5]袁晓铭,曹振中,孙锐,等.汶川8.0级地震液化特征初步研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1288-1296.YUAN Xiaoming,CAO Zhenzhong,SUN Rui,et al,Preliminary research on liquefaction characteristics of wenchuan 8.0 Earthquake[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1288-1296.
[6]曹振中,袁晓铭,陈龙伟,等.汶川大地震液化宏观现象概述[J],岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):645-650.CAO Zhenzhong,YUAN Xiaoming,CHEN Longwei,et al.Summary of liquefaction macrophenomena in the Great Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Chi-nese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):645-650.
[7]曹振中,侯龙清,袁晓铭,等.汶川8.0级地震液化震害及特征[J].岩土力学,2010,31(10):3549-3555.CAO Zhenzhong,HOU Longqing,YUAN Xaioming,et al.The characteristics of liquefaction-induced damages in the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earth-quake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(10):3549-3555.
[8]GB50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].GB50011—2001 Code for Seismic Design of Buildings[S].
[9]曹振中.汶川地震液化特征及砂砾土液化预测方法研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2010.CAO Zhenzhong.Characteristics of soil Liquefaction in the Great Wenchuan Earthquake and procedures for gravelly Soil liquefaction evaluation[D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2010.
[2]中国科学院工程力学研究所,海城地震震害[M].北京:地震出版社,1979.Institute of Engineering Mechanics.The haicheng earthquake damages[M].Beijing:Seismic Press,1979.
[3]汪闻韶.土体液化与极限平衡和破坏的区别和关系[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(1):1-10.WANG Wenshao.Distinction and interrelation between liquefaction state of limit equilibrium and failure of soil mass[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2005.27(1):1-10.
[4]孙锐,袁晓铭.第11届国际地动力学和地震工程会议及第13届世界地震工程会议砂土液化研究综述[J].世界地震工程,2006,22(1):15-20.SUN Rui,YUAN Xiaoming.Summarization of earthquake liquefaction on 13～(th)WCEE and 11～(th)SDEE[J].World Earthuqake Engineeer-ing,2006,22(1):5-20.
[5]袁晓铭,曹振中,孙锐,等.汶川8.0级地震液化特征初步研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1288-1296.YUAN Xiaoming,CAO Zhenzhong,SUN Rui,et al,Preliminary research on liquefaction characteristics of wenchuan 8.0 Earthquake[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1288-1296.
[6]曹振中,袁晓铭,陈龙伟,等.汶川大地震液化宏观现象概述[J],岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):645-650.CAO Zhenzhong,YUAN Xiaoming,CHEN Longwei,et al.Summary of liquefaction macrophenomena in the Great Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Chi-nese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):645-650.
[7]曹振中,侯龙清,袁晓铭,等.汶川8.0级地震液化震害及特征[J].岩土力学,2010,31(10):3549-3555.CAO Zhenzhong,HOU Longqing,YUAN Xaioming,et al.The characteristics of liquefaction-induced damages in the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earth-quake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(10):3549-3555.
[8]GB50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].GB50011—2001 Code for Seismic Design of Buildings[S].
[9]曹振中.汶川地震液化特征及砂砾土液化预测方法研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2010.CAO Zhenzhong.Characteristics of soil Liquefaction in the Great Wenchuan Earthquake and procedures for gravelly Soil liquefaction evaluation[D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2010.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心