建筑倒塌事故的生命搜救技术研究
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摘要
近年来,地震、火灾及事故灾害导致的建筑物倒塌事故屡有发生,造成公私财产的巨大损失和人员的重大伤亡,生命搜寻和救助成为建筑物倒塌事故应急救援中急迫而关键的问题。本文分析和总结了建筑倒塌的原因及倒塌后形成的典型生存空间,以事故现场生命搜救技术和破拆挖掘技术为重点,通过对搜索方法、搜索仪器、常用破拆工具的叙述和比较,研究了不同搜索和破拆技术及其应用,得出了针对不同建筑倒塌事故现场而采取的相应的搜索破拆技术,并对事故现场的救护进行了简述,为消防部队建筑倒塌救援提供参考。
In recent years,the building collapse accidents which induced by fire and earthquake happened repeatly lead to the significant personnel casualty and the property damages.Searching and slaving lives are the urgent and significant problem in the building collapse accident.This paper sums up and analyses the reason of building collapse accidents and the typical living space,exposition the rescue skill of the building collapse accident as well as emphasis the technology of searching and slaving lives,summarize and compare commonly search strategy,search tools,forcible entry and tools,studied the collapse of buildings at the scene of the rescue technology and its applications,derived for the survival of trapped persons in different circumstances,summarize the salvage method,will help improve the quality of aid efficiency.
In recent years,the building collapse accidents which induced by fire and earthquake happened repeatly lead to the significant personnel casualty and the property damages.Searching and slaving lives are the urgent and significant problem in the building collapse accident.This paper sums up and analyses the reason of building collapse accidents and the typical living space,exposition the rescue skill of the building collapse accident as well as emphasis the technology of searching and slaving lives,summarize and compare commonly search strategy,search tools,forcible entry and tools,studied the collapse of buildings at the scene of the rescue technology and its applications,derived for the survival of trapped persons in different circumstances,summarize the salvage method,will help improve the quality of aid efficiency.
引文
[1]张滨.建筑物垮塌事故救援行动简析[J].建筑安全,2005,11(4):35-36
[2]尹之潜.结构易损性分类和未来地震灾害估计[J].中国地震,1996,8(3):49-55
[3]张连民.建筑物倒塌事故救援对策研究[J].安防科技,2004,8(5):47-49
[4]国家质量技术监督局.GB/T18208.2-2001地震现场工作第二部分:建筑物安全鉴定[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2001:13-14
[5]顾建华,陈维锋,赵清涎.地震灾害现场救援搜索策略与方法有关问题的讨论[J].国际地震动态,2003,6(7):6-12
[6]李昀晖,李耀庄,邓芸芸等.火灾引起建筑坍塌的原因分析及预防措施[J].中国公共安全(学术版),2006,4(7):81-83
[7]Koopman B.O.Search and screening:General principles with historical applications[M].New York:Pergamonpress,1980:23-24
[8]National Research Council of Canada.CAN/CGSB-12.National Building Code of Canada[S].Ottawa,Canada,1975:15-16
[9]简兴祥,王绪本,周熙襄等.一种基于时差的地震救助生命定位方法[J].物探化探计算技术,2003,4(25):354-357
[10]李建华.灾害抢险救援技术[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2005:45-46
[2]尹之潜.结构易损性分类和未来地震灾害估计[J].中国地震,1996,8(3):49-55
[3]张连民.建筑物倒塌事故救援对策研究[J].安防科技,2004,8(5):47-49
[4]国家质量技术监督局.GB/T18208.2-2001地震现场工作第二部分:建筑物安全鉴定[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2001:13-14
[5]顾建华,陈维锋,赵清涎.地震灾害现场救援搜索策略与方法有关问题的讨论[J].国际地震动态,2003,6(7):6-12
[6]李昀晖,李耀庄,邓芸芸等.火灾引起建筑坍塌的原因分析及预防措施[J].中国公共安全(学术版),2006,4(7):81-83
[7]Koopman B.O.Search and screening:General principles with historical applications[M].New York:Pergamonpress,1980:23-24
[8]National Research Council of Canada.CAN/CGSB-12.National Building Code of Canada[S].Ottawa,Canada,1975:15-16
[9]简兴祥,王绪本,周熙襄等.一种基于时差的地震救助生命定位方法[J].物探化探计算技术,2003,4(25):354-357
[10]李建华.灾害抢险救援技术[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2005:45-46
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