河道型水库蓄水诱发地震的数值模拟
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摘要
利用二维弹性有限元模型,计算了河道型水库蓄水造成的地应力变化,进而计算了走向平行于水库长轴的不同倾角断层面上库仑应力变化,以此来评价水库蓄水对库区断层稳定性的影响.结果表明,蓄水增加的压应力非常有限;如果背景应力场有利于正断层活动,蓄水可能会导致一定深度和倾角的断层更加危险;如果背景应力场有利于浅表的逆断层活动,蓄水会抑制不同倾角的逆断层活动.
We modeled the impoundment induced stress change in channel reservoir by two-dimensional finiteelement method.We calculated Coulomb failure stress change on the fault striking parallel to the major axis ofreservoir.Compared to the regional stress field,the compressive stress caused by impoundment is small and ismost confined within several kilometers depth.If the background stress is in favor of normal faulting some faults with certain dips and depths would come closer to failure,while if the background stress is in favor of shallow thrust those thrusts would be safer after reservoir impoundment.
We modeled the impoundment induced stress change in channel reservoir by two-dimensional finiteelement method.We calculated Coulomb failure stress change on the fault striking parallel to the major axis ofreservoir.Compared to the regional stress field,the compressive stress caused by impoundment is small and ismost confined within several kilometers depth.If the background stress is in favor of normal faulting some faults with certain dips and depths would come closer to failure,while if the background stress is in favor of shallow thrust those thrusts would be safer after reservoir impoundment.
引文
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[12]Chen L,Talwani P.Reservoir-induced seismicity in China[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1998,153:133-149.
[13]Shi Y L,Cao J L.Some aspects in static stress change calculation-case study on Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(1):102-110(in Chinese).石耀霖,曹建玲.库仑应力计算及应用过程中若干问题的讨论——以汶川地震为例[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(1):102-110.
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[15]Wu S R,Zhang Y S,Han J L,et al.The engineering geological conditions of the Qingling-Dabashan Section of the water diversion projectfrom the Three Gorges Reservoir to the Yellow River[J].ACTA Geoscientica Sinica,2006,27(5):487-494(in Chinese).吴树仁,张永双,韩金良,等.三峡水库引水工程秦巴段工程地质条件研究[J].地球学报,2006,27(5):487-494.
[16]Cai M F,Chen C Z,Peng H,et al.In-situ stress measurement by hydraulic fracturing technique in deep position of Wanfu coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):1069-1074(in Chinese).蔡美峰,陈长臻,彭华,等.万福煤矿深部水压致裂地应力测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):1069-1074.
[17]Wang L J,Cui J W,Zhang X W,et al.In-situ stress in the main borehole of the Chinese continental scientific drilling[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2006,31(4):505-511(in Chinese).王连捷,崔军文,张晓卫,等.中国大陆科学钻主孔现今地应力状态[J].地球学报,2006,31(4):505-511.
[18]Li F Q.Possibility of reservoir-induced seismicity around Three-Gorge Dam site on Yangtze River[J].Journal of Geomechanics,1996,2(3):87-89(in Chinese).李方全.三峡水库蓄水后坝址附近诱发地震可能性探讨[J].地质力学学报,1996,2(3):87-89.
[19]Harris R A.Introduction to special section:stress triggers,stress shadows,and implications for seismic hazard[J].Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1998,103(B10):24347-24358.
[20]Turcotte D L,Schubert G.地球动力学[M].韩贝佳,詹贤鋆,等译.北京:地震出版社,1986.
[21]Freed A M.Earthquake triggering by static,dynamic,and postseismic stress transfer[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,2005,33:335-367.
[2]国家防汛抗旱总指挥部办公室.中国水库名称代码SL259-2000[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.
[3]Han X G,Rao Y Y.Analysis of genesis of reservoir-induced micro quakes in Badong reach of Three Gorges[J].Journal of Geodesy andGeodynamics,2004,24(2):74-77(in Chinese).韩晓光,饶扬誉.长江三峡水库巴东库段地震成因分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(2):74-77.
[4]Hu X L,Potts D M,Zdravkovic L,et al.Jinle landslide stability under water level fluctuation of Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2007,32(3):403-408(in Chinese).胡新丽,Potts D M,Zdravkovic L,等.三峡水库运行条件下金乐滑坡稳定性评价[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2007,32(3):403-408.
[5]Zhang Q W,Li A R,Wang Q Y,et al.A model of water-induced earthquake risk assessment in reservoir area and its neighboring areas[J].Seismology and Geology,1998,20(4):361-369(in Chinese).张秋文,李安然,王清云,等.水库及周缘地区诱发地震危险性评定的一种模型及其应用[J].地震地质,1998,20(4):361-369.
[6]Chen S J,Yao Y S,Zeng Z X,et al.Study on numerical simulation of tectonic stress field before and after reservoir impounding in the headarea of the Three Gorges[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp2):5611-5618(in Chinese).陈蜀俊,姚运生,曾佐勋,等.三峡库首区蓄水前后构造应力场三维数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增2):5611-5618.
[7]Lei X L,Ma S L,Wen X Z,et al.Integrated analysis of stress and regional seismicity by surface loading-a case study of Zipingpu Reservoir[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(4):1046-1064(in Chinese).雷兴林,马胜利,闻学泽,等.地表水体对断层应力与地震时空分布影响的综合分析——以紫坪铺水库为例[J].地震地质,2008,30(4):1046-1064.
[8]Ge S M,Liu M,Lu N,et al.Did the Zipingpu Reservoir trigger the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2009,36:L20315,doi:10.1029/2009GL040349.
[9]Li X G,Yao Y S,Zeng Z X,et al.Tectonic stress field in the head area of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2006,12(2):174-181(in Chinese).李细光,姚运生,曾佐勋,等.三峡库首区现今构造应力场的形成体制分析[J].地质力学学报,2006,12(2):174-181.
[10]Chen S J,Yao Y S,Zeng Z X.Effect of impounding on seismogenic environment and potential focus in head region of Three Gorge Reservoir[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2005,25(3):116-120(in Chinese).陈蜀俊,姚运生,曾佐勋.三峡水库蓄水对库区孕震环境及潜在震源影响研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(3):116-120.
[11]Li X G,Yao Y S,Qin X J.Analysis on genesis of Maluchi fault with Guandukou fault at Three Gorges[J].Journal of Geodesy andGeodynamics,2004,24(2):42-47(in Chinese).李细光,姚运生,秦小军.马鹿池断裂与官渡口断裂的成因关联分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(2):42-47.
[12]Chen L,Talwani P.Reservoir-induced seismicity in China[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1998,153:133-149.
[13]Shi Y L,Cao J L.Some aspects in static stress change calculation-case study on Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(1):102-110(in Chinese).石耀霖,曹建玲.库仑应力计算及应用过程中若干问题的讨论——以汶川地震为例[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(1):102-110.
[14]Xue J R,Li F,Wang Y.Features of focal mechanism solution of 9 slight shocks after impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journalof Geodesy and Geodynamics,2004,24(2):48-51(in Chinese).薛军蓉,李峰,王育.三峡水库蓄水初期9次微震震源机制解特征[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(2):48-51.
[15]Wu S R,Zhang Y S,Han J L,et al.The engineering geological conditions of the Qingling-Dabashan Section of the water diversion projectfrom the Three Gorges Reservoir to the Yellow River[J].ACTA Geoscientica Sinica,2006,27(5):487-494(in Chinese).吴树仁,张永双,韩金良,等.三峡水库引水工程秦巴段工程地质条件研究[J].地球学报,2006,27(5):487-494.
[16]Cai M F,Chen C Z,Peng H,et al.In-situ stress measurement by hydraulic fracturing technique in deep position of Wanfu coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):1069-1074(in Chinese).蔡美峰,陈长臻,彭华,等.万福煤矿深部水压致裂地应力测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):1069-1074.
[17]Wang L J,Cui J W,Zhang X W,et al.In-situ stress in the main borehole of the Chinese continental scientific drilling[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2006,31(4):505-511(in Chinese).王连捷,崔军文,张晓卫,等.中国大陆科学钻主孔现今地应力状态[J].地球学报,2006,31(4):505-511.
[18]Li F Q.Possibility of reservoir-induced seismicity around Three-Gorge Dam site on Yangtze River[J].Journal of Geomechanics,1996,2(3):87-89(in Chinese).李方全.三峡水库蓄水后坝址附近诱发地震可能性探讨[J].地质力学学报,1996,2(3):87-89.
[19]Harris R A.Introduction to special section:stress triggers,stress shadows,and implications for seismic hazard[J].Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1998,103(B10):24347-24358.
[20]Turcotte D L,Schubert G.地球动力学[M].韩贝佳,詹贤鋆,等译.北京:地震出版社,1986.
[21]Freed A M.Earthquake triggering by static,dynamic,and postseismic stress transfer[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,2005,33:335-367.
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