我国农业氨排放估算方法研究进展
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摘要
农业大量施用氮肥以及持续扩大的禽畜养殖业是我国氨污染的最大来源。近年来大气环境问题备受关注,氨排放研究的重要性日益凸显,如何客观、科学定量的评估我国区域氨排放的问题尤为重要。通过检索已报道的国内外氨排放估算的研究进展,对我国的氨排放研究进行梳理,比对了氨排放主要估算方法的特点,对其所使用数据类型、获取途径,参数的定量取值方法及不确定性产生等方面进行了分析。针对国内氨排放估算存在计算方法单一,排放因子本地化不足等问题,提出了进一步改善的意见和建议。研究结果以期为我国做好氨排放控制基础研究,开展控制技术试验,制定相关政策文件,加强政府引导和扶持等提供科学依据。
The largest sources of ammonia pollution in China are the excessive application of chemical fertilizer in agriculture and the continuous expansion of the livestock and poultry industry. Over recent years, the atmospheric environment has attracted much attention and ammonia emission research has become increasingly important. This has meant that accurately and scientifically assessing regional ammonia emissions in China has become particularly pertinent. This study was based on related research progress at home and abroad,and compared the characteristics of the main methods used for estimating ammonia emissions in China. The types of data,pollution routes,parameters quantification,and uncertainty analysis were analyzed. Opinions and suggestions for further improvement are put forward on issues such as single calculation methods and insufficient localization of emission factors in the estimation of domestic ammonia emissions.The results provides a scientific basis that will allow China to conduct basic research on ammonia emission control,carry out control technology tests,formulate relevant policy,and strengthen government guidance and support.
The largest sources of ammonia pollution in China are the excessive application of chemical fertilizer in agriculture and the continuous expansion of the livestock and poultry industry. Over recent years, the atmospheric environment has attracted much attention and ammonia emission research has become increasingly important. This has meant that accurately and scientifically assessing regional ammonia emissions in China has become particularly pertinent. This study was based on related research progress at home and abroad,and compared the characteristics of the main methods used for estimating ammonia emissions in China. The types of data,pollution routes,parameters quantification,and uncertainty analysis were analyzed. Opinions and suggestions for further improvement are put forward on issues such as single calculation methods and insufficient localization of emission factors in the estimation of domestic ammonia emissions.The results provides a scientific basis that will allow China to conduct basic research on ammonia emission control,carry out control technology tests,formulate relevant policy,and strengthen government guidance and support.
引文
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[37]Zhang Y S,Luan S J,Chen L L,Shao M.Estimating the volatilization of ammonia from synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers used in China.Journal of Environmental Management,2011,92(3):480-493.
[38]冯小琼,王幸锐,何敏,韩丽.四川省2012年人为源氨排放清单及分布特征.环境科学学报,2015,35(2):394-401.
[39]潘涛,薛念涛,孙长虹,刘桂中,张俊娥,李珊珊.北京市畜禽养殖业氨排放的分布特征.环境科学与技术,2015,38(3):159-162.
[40]王平.南通市人为源大气氨排放清单及特征.环境科学与管理,2012,37(11):85-88.
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[46]陆炳,孔少飞,韩斌,王秀艳,白志鹏.2007年中国大陆地区生物质燃烧排放污染物清单.中国环境科学,2011,31(2):186-194.
[47]毕于运.秸秆资源评价与利用研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[48]张国,逯非,赵红,杨广斌,王效科,欧阳志云.我国农作物秸秆资源化利用现状及农户对秸秆还田的认知态度.农业环境科学学报,2017,36(5):981-988.
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[2]Huang X,Song Y,Li M M,Li J F,Huo Q,Cai X H,Zhu T,Hu M,Zhang H S.A high-resolution ammonia emission inventory in China.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2012,26(1):1030.
[3]王文兴,卢筱凤,庞燕波,汤大纲,张婉华.中国氨的排放强度地理分布.环境科学学报,1997,17(1):3-8.
[4]Wang H Y,Zhang D,Zhang Y T,Zhai L M,Yin B,Zhou F,Geng Y C,Pan J T,Luo J F,Gu B J,Liu H B.Ammonia emissions from paddy fields are underestimated in China.Environmental Pollution,2018,235:482-488.
[5]房效凤,沈根祥,徐昶,钱晓雍,李金文,赵子刚,于绍凤,朱凯承.上海市农业源氨排放清单及分布特征.浙江农业学报,2015,27(12):2177-2185.
[6]杨志鹏.基于物质流方法的中国畜牧业氨排放估算及区域比较研究[D].北京:北京大学,2008:105-105.
[7]李富春.川渝地区农业生态系统NH3排放[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2009.
[8]Zhao Z Q,Bai Z H,Winiwarter W,Kiesewetter G,Heyes C,Ma L.Mitigating ammonia emission from agriculture reduces PM2.5pollution in the hai river basin in China.Science of the Total Environment,2017,609:1152-1160.
[9]沈兴玲.广东省高分辨率人为源氨排放清单建立及控制成效研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2014:99-99.
[10]Paina B F,Van der Weerdena T J,Chambersa B J,Phillipsa V R,Jarvisa S C.A new inventory for ammonia emissions from U.K.Agriculture.Atmospheric Environment,1998,32(3):309-313.
[11]Klimont Z.Current and future emissions of ammonia in China//Proceedings of the 10th Annual Emission Inventory Conference:One Atmosphere,One Inventory,Many Challenges.Denver,CO:IIASA,2001.
[12]Streets D G,Bond T C,Carmichael G R,Fernandes S D,Fu Q,He D,Klimont Z,Nelson S M,Tsai N Y,Wang M Q,Woo J H,Yarber K F.An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in the year 2000.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2003,108(D21):8809.
[13]Klimont Z,Streets D G,Gupta S,Cofala J,Fu L X,Ichikawa Y.Anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds in China.Atmospheric Environment,2002,36(8):1309-1322.
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[17]USEPA.Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act(CERCLA)and Federal Facilities.Washington,DC:EPA,2016.
[18]AAQTF.Ammonia Emissions:What to Know Before You Regulate.Official White Paper of the USDA Agricultural Air Quality Task Force.Seattle,WA:AAQTF,2014.
[19]刘禹淇,陈报章,郭立峰,刘莹.南昌市固定燃烧点源大气污染物排放清单及特征.环境科学学报,2017,37(5):1855-1863.
[20]Wu S P,Zhang Y J,Schwab J J,Li Y F,Liu Y L,Yuan C S.High-resolution ammonia emissions inventories in Fujian,China,2009-2015.Atmospheric Environment,2017,162:100-114.
[21]Claire G,Damas S,Cathy L,Middleton P,Aude M,Paulin M,Vincent P.The ECCAD Database:Emissions of Atmospheric Compounds&Compilation of Ancillary Data.IGAC Newsletter,2012,18-20.
[22]UNEP.Integrated Assessment of Short-lived Climate Pollutants in Latin America and the Caribbean:Improving Air Quality while Contributing to Climate Change Mitigation.Summary for Decision Makers.Nairobi,Kenya:UNEP.2016.
[23]徐新华.江浙沪地区人为NH3排放量的估算.农村生态环境,1997,13(3):51-53.
[24]孙庆瑞,王美蓉.我国氨的排放量和时空分布.大气科学,1997,21(5):79-87.
[25]Zhang Y,Dore A J,Ma L,Liu X J,Ma W Q,Cape J N,Zhang F S.Agricultural ammonia emissions inventory and spatial distribution in the North China Plain.Environmental Pollution,2010,158(2):490-501.
[26]朱兆良,Simpson J R,张绍林,蔡贵信,陈德立,Freney J R,Jackson A V.石灰性稻田土壤上化肥氮损失的研究.土壤学报,1989,26(4):337-342.
[27]蔡贵信,朱兆良,朱宗武,Trevitt A C F,Freney J R,Simpson J R.水稻田中碳铵和尿素的氮素损失的研究.土壤,1985,17(5):225-229,256-256.
[28]Xing G X,Zhu Z L.An assessment of N loss from agricultural fields to the environment in China.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2000,57(1):67-73.
[29]Zheng X,Fu C,Xu X,Yan X,Huang Y,Han S,Hu F,Chen G.The Asian nitrogen cycle case study.Ambio,2002,31(2):79-87.
[30]张美双,栾胜基.NARSES模型在我国种植业氮肥施用氨排放估算中的应用研究.安徽农业科学,2009,37(8):3583-3586.
[31]Kang Y N,Liu M X,Song Y,Huang X,Yao H,Cai X H,Zhang H S,Kang L,Liu X J,Yan X Y,He H,Zhang Q,Shao M,Zhu T.Highresolution ammonia emissions inventories in China from 1980 to 2012.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2016,16(4):2043-2058.
[32]Zheng X H,Liu C Y,Han S H.Description and application of a model for simulating regional nitrogen cycling and calculating nitrogen flux.Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2008,25(2):181-201.
[33]魏巍,王书肖,郝吉明.中国人为源VOC排放清单不确定性研究.环境科学,2011,32(2):305-312.
[34]董文煊,邢佳,王书肖.1994-2006年中国人为源大气氨排放时空分布.环境科学,2010,31(7):1457-1463.
[35]董艳强,陈长虹,黄成,王红丽,李莉,戴璞,贾记红.长江三角洲地区人为源氨排放清单及分布特征.环境科学学报,2009,29(8):1611-1617.
[36]周静,刘松华,谭译,钱飞跃,梁媛,武瑾.苏州市人为源氨排放清单及其分布特征.环境科学研究,2016,29(8):1137-1144.
[37]Zhang Y S,Luan S J,Chen L L,Shao M.Estimating the volatilization of ammonia from synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers used in China.Journal of Environmental Management,2011,92(3):480-493.
[38]冯小琼,王幸锐,何敏,韩丽.四川省2012年人为源氨排放清单及分布特征.环境科学学报,2015,35(2):394-401.
[39]潘涛,薛念涛,孙长虹,刘桂中,张俊娥,李珊珊.北京市畜禽养殖业氨排放的分布特征.环境科学与技术,2015,38(3):159-162.
[40]王平.南通市人为源大气氨排放清单及特征.环境科学与管理,2012,37(11):85-88.
[41]刘春蕾,姚利鹏.江苏省农业源氨排放分布特征.安徽农业科学,2016,44(22):70-74.
[42]van Aardenne J,Pulles T.Uncertainty in Emission Inventories:What Do We Mean and How Could We Assess It?TNO Institute of Environmental Sciences,Energy and Process Innovation,11th International Emission Inventory Conference-“Emission Inventories-Partnering for the Future”.Atlanta,GA,2002.
[43]M9ller D,Schieferdecker H.Ammonia emission and deposition of NHxin the G.D.R.Atmospheric Environment,1989,23(6):1187-1193.
[44]环境保护部.大气氨源排放清单编制技术指南(试行).北京:环境保护部,2014.
[45]尹沙沙.珠江三角洲人为源氨排放清单及其对颗粒物形成贡献的研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2011:114-114.
[46]陆炳,孔少飞,韩斌,王秀艳,白志鹏.2007年中国大陆地区生物质燃烧排放污染物清单.中国环境科学,2011,31(2):186-194.
[47]毕于运.秸秆资源评价与利用研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[48]张国,逯非,赵红,杨广斌,王效科,欧阳志云.我国农作物秸秆资源化利用现状及农户对秸秆还田的认知态度.农业环境科学学报,2017,36(5):981-988.
[49]张鹤丰.中国农作物秸秆燃烧排放气态、颗粒态污染物排放特征的实验室模拟[D].上海:复旦大学,2009:93-93.
[50]钟流举,郑君瑜,雷国强,陈晶.大气污染物排放源清单不确定性定量分析方法及案例研究.环境科学研究,2007,20(4):15-20.
[51]IPCC.Quantifying Uncertainties in Practice//Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.Bracknell,UK:IES,IPCC,OECD,1997.