基于DIVA-GIS的水榆花楸适生区模拟及生态特征
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摘要
【目的】水榆花楸是一种优良的林木种质资源,具有重要的生态和观赏价值,全面了解其在我国的自然分布现状与生态特征,将有助于制定水榆花楸的资源保护与科学引种规划。【方法】基于183个野外采集与历史标本凭证,利用地理信息技术的DIVA-GIS软件及其耦合的BIOCLIM模型,对其适生区分布格局以及主导气候因子进行了首次定性定量分析。【结果】水榆花楸的当代潜在适生区覆盖我国东部季风区各省,基于BIOCLIM的模型预测结合辛普森多样性指数评估表明:中国中部山区、华北沿海丘陵与东北地区,是水榆花楸现代3个集中分布的区域,其中陕、豫、鄂与渝多省交界的山区(秦岭—大巴—巫山山脉)可视为核心分布区域;气候因子主成分分析(PCA)与主导气候因子贡献率排序依次为:年降水量(bio12)>最湿季降水量(bio16)>温度季节变化方差(bio4)>最暖季降水量(bio18)>最冷季降水量(bio19);累计频率曲线进一步明确水榆花楸地理分布的生态特征分别为:423.00~1 508.00 mm,245.00~675.00 mm,590.63~1 280.93(SD×100),229.00~655.00 mm和8.00~185.00 mm;用于模型评估的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)和Kappa统计值分别达到0.782和0.515,满足预测精度的一般要求。【结论】水榆花楸当下分布格局在区域尺度上主要受到东亚季风驱动的降水因子影响,并偏好高海拔适度低温的环境,此外水榆花楸分布格局的差异在区域尺度上还受海拔、经纬度地理因素不同程度影响。
[Objective] Sorbus alnifolia, an excellent forest germplasm resources, has significant ecological and ornamental values. An overall understanding of its natural distribution status and ecological characteristics in China will contribute to develop the resource conservation and scientific introduction planning for this species. [Method] Based on the data from 183 field collection and historical sample documents,we applied DIVA-DIS software of geographic information technology and combined with BIOCLIM model to analyse the distribution pattern of S. alnifolia and its dominant climate factorsqualitatively and quantitatively for the first time. [Result] The current potential distribution areas of S.alnifolia cover the provinces of Chinese eastern monsoon region,and the evaluation based on results of BIOCLIM Modeling combined with Simpson 's diversity index showed that the mountainous regions of central China, coastal hilly area of northern China and northeastern China were its three most concentrated areas. Among them,border of mountainous regions projected from provinces of Shaanxi,Henan,Hubei and Chongqing and their junctions( Qinling-Daba-Wushan mountain ranges) can be regarded as its core distributing areas. Principal component analysis( PCA) of climatic variables and the dominant climate factor contributing rates were in sequence of annual mean precipitation( bio12) >precipitation in the wettest season( bio16) > seasonally varied SD of temperature( bio4) >precipitation in the warmest season( bio18) > precipitation in the coldest season( bio19). The cumulative frequency curves further confirmed that the ecological characteristics of geographical distributing area for S. alnifolia were 423. 00-1 508. 00 mm,245. 00-675. 00 mm,590. 63-1 280. 93( SD × 100), 229. 00-655. 00 mm and 8. 00-185. 00 mm, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic curve( ROC) and Kappa statistics for model assessment reached 0. 782 and 0. 515,respectively,meeting the general demands for prediction accuracy. [Conclusion] The above research indicated that the current distributing pattern of S. alnifolia was mainly affected by precipitation factors driven by the eastern Asian monsoon at regional scale,also with preference of moderately low temperature and high altitude environment. What's more,differences in distributing patterns of S. alnifolia were also affected by geographical factors,including altitude,latitude and longitude to some extent.
[Objective] Sorbus alnifolia, an excellent forest germplasm resources, has significant ecological and ornamental values. An overall understanding of its natural distribution status and ecological characteristics in China will contribute to develop the resource conservation and scientific introduction planning for this species. [Method] Based on the data from 183 field collection and historical sample documents,we applied DIVA-DIS software of geographic information technology and combined with BIOCLIM model to analyse the distribution pattern of S. alnifolia and its dominant climate factorsqualitatively and quantitatively for the first time. [Result] The current potential distribution areas of S.alnifolia cover the provinces of Chinese eastern monsoon region,and the evaluation based on results of BIOCLIM Modeling combined with Simpson 's diversity index showed that the mountainous regions of central China, coastal hilly area of northern China and northeastern China were its three most concentrated areas. Among them,border of mountainous regions projected from provinces of Shaanxi,Henan,Hubei and Chongqing and their junctions( Qinling-Daba-Wushan mountain ranges) can be regarded as its core distributing areas. Principal component analysis( PCA) of climatic variables and the dominant climate factor contributing rates were in sequence of annual mean precipitation( bio12) >precipitation in the wettest season( bio16) > seasonally varied SD of temperature( bio4) >precipitation in the warmest season( bio18) > precipitation in the coldest season( bio19). The cumulative frequency curves further confirmed that the ecological characteristics of geographical distributing area for S. alnifolia were 423. 00-1 508. 00 mm,245. 00-675. 00 mm,590. 63-1 280. 93( SD × 100), 229. 00-655. 00 mm and 8. 00-185. 00 mm, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic curve( ROC) and Kappa statistics for model assessment reached 0. 782 and 0. 515,respectively,meeting the general demands for prediction accuracy. [Conclusion] The above research indicated that the current distributing pattern of S. alnifolia was mainly affected by precipitation factors driven by the eastern Asian monsoon at regional scale,also with preference of moderately low temperature and high altitude environment. What's more,differences in distributing patterns of S. alnifolia were also affected by geographical factors,including altitude,latitude and longitude to some extent.
引文
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[2]郑桂芬,王帅.水榆花楸生物学特性及育苗技术[J].防护林科技,2017(6):120-121.Zheng G F,Wang S.Biological characteristics and seedling technology of Sorbus alnifolia[J].Protection Forest Science and Technology,2017(6):120-121.
[3]李秀信,文沛瑶,吉文丽,等.超声波协同双水相体系提取水榆花楸叶总黄酮工艺[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(5):252--256.Li X X,Wen P Y,Ji W L,et al.Optimization of ultrasonic assisted aqueous two-phase extraction technology of total flavonoid from Sorbus alnifolia leaf[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(5):252--256.
[4]王亮.水榆花楸1年生苗生长过程的研究[J].防护林科技,2016(2):12--14.Wang L.Growth process of one-year-old Sorbus alnifolia seedlings[J].Protection Forest Science and Technology,2016(2):12-14.
[5]宋洪文,张象君,辛宝英,等.水榆花楸微型繁殖技术的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(5):1898-1899.Song H W,Zhang X J,Xin B Y,et al.Study on micro propagation technology of Sorbus alnifolia[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2013,41(5):1898--1899.
[6]卞付萍.干旱胁迫下水榆花楸生长及生理特性的研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2014.Bian F P.Effects of drought stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of Sorbus alnifolia[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2014.
[7]张红星.水榆花楸种子休眠和幼苗生理特性研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2010.Zhang H X.Studies on seed dormancy and seedling physiological characteristics of Sorbus alnifolia[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2010.
[8]邱靖,伊贤贵,汤庚国,等.黄山水榆花楸群落结构分析[J].四川农业大学学报,2016,34(3):304-311.Qiu J,Yi X G,Tang G G,et al.Analysis od community structure of Sorbus alnifolia in Huangshan Mountain[J].Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University,2016,34(3):304--311.
[9]Anderson R P.A framework for using niche models to estimate impacts of climate change on species distributions[J].Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,2013,1297(1):8-28.
[10]曹福祥,徐庆军,曹受金,等.全球变暖对物种分布的影响研究进展[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2008,28(6):86-89.Cao F X,Xu Q J,Cao S J,et al.Advances of global warming impact on species distribution[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2008,28(6):86-89.
[11]Wang W G,Tang X Y,Zhu Q L,et al.Predicting the impacts of climate change on the potential distribution of major native non-food bioenergy plants in China[J].PLos One,2014,9(11):1--11.
[12]Xu Y,Shen Z H,Ying L X,et al.Hotspot analyses indicate significant conservation gaps for evergreen broadleaved woody plants in China[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):1-10.
[13]Hijmans R J,Guarino L,Cruz M,et al.Computer tools for spatial analysis of plant genetic resources data(1):DIVA-GIS[J].Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter,2001,127:15--19.
[14]Hijmans R J,Spooner D M.Geographic distribution of wild potato species[J].American Journal of Botany,2001,88(11):2101--2112.
[15]姜建福,樊秀彩,张颖,等.中国三种濒危葡萄属(Vitis L.)植物的地理分布模拟[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(6):1615-1622.Jiang J F,Fan X C,Zhang Y,et al.Modeling the geographic distribution of three endangered Vitis species in China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(6):1615--1622.
[16]朱弘,尤禄祥,李涌福,等.浙闽樱桃地理分布模拟及气候限制因子分析[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2017,25(4):315-322.Zhu H,You L X,Li Y F,et al.Modeling the geographical distribution pattern and climatic limited factors of Cerasus schneideriana[J].Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany,2017,25(4):315-322.
[17]张兴旺,李垚,方炎明.麻栎在中国的地理分布及潜在分布区预测[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(8):1685-1692.Zhang X W,Li Y,Fang Y M.Geographical distribution and prediction of potential ranges of Quercus acutissimain China[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2014,34(8):1685-1692.
[18]王娟,倪健.中国北方温带地区5种锦鸡儿植物的分布模拟[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(1):12--24.Wang J,Ni J.Modeling the distribution of Caragana species in temperate northern China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2009,33(1):12--24.
[19]朱耿平,范靖宇,王梦琳,等.ROC曲线形状在生态位模型评价中的重要性:以美国白蛾为例[J].生物安全学报,2017,26(3):184-190.Zhu G P,Fan J Y,Wang M L,et al.The importance of the shape of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve in ecological niche model evaluation-case study of Hlyphantria cunea[J].Journal of Biosafety,2017,26(3):184-190.
[20]Allouche O,Tsoar A,Kadmon R.Assessing the accuracy of species distribution models:prevalence,kappa and the true skill statistic(TSS)[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,43(6):1223--1232.
[21]张超,陈磊,田呈明,等.基于GARP和Max Ent的云杉矮槲寄生分布区的预测[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(5):23-32.Zhang C,Chen L,Tian C M,et al.Predicting the distribution of dwarf mistletoe(Arceuthobium sichuanense)with GARP and Max Ent models[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2016,38(5):23--32.
[22]张琴,张东方,吴明丽,等.基于生态位模型预测天麻全球潜在适生区[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(7):770--778.Zhang Q,Zhang D F,Wu M L,et al.Predicting the global areas for potential distribution of Gastrodia elata based on ecological niche models[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2017,41(7):770--778.
[23]谢彩香,张琴,白光宇.木本能源植物文冠果的生态特征及区划[J].植物科学学报,2018,36(2):229-236.Xie C X,Zhang Q,Bai G Y.Ecological characteristics and regionalization of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge,a woody energy plant[J].Plant Science Journal,2018,36(2):229-236.
[24]张琴,宋经元,邵飞,等.防风固沙优良树种欧李的潜在适生区及生态特征[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(3):66--74.Zhang Q,Song J Y,Shao F,et al.Potential suitable distribution area and ecological characteristics of Cerasus humilis,an excellent tree species for windproof and sand fixation[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2018,40(3):66--74.
[25]张红星,张硕新,雷瑞德.火地塘油松群落中9种植物光合特性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2005,20(1):20-24.Zhang H X,Zhang S X,Lei R D.The photosynthetic characteristics of nine plants in community of Pinus tabuliformis at huoditang forest region[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2005,20(1):20-24.
[26]杭红涛,吴沿友,邢德科,等.贵州玉舍国家森林公园三种造林植物光合生理特征研究[J].广西植物,2018,38(1):36-47.Hang H T,Wu Y Y,Xing D K,et al.Photosynthetic physiology characteristics of three afforestation tree species in Guizhou Yushe National Forest Park[J].Guihaia,2018,38(1):36-47.
[27]Pedro S,Miguel B A.An evaluation of methods for modelling species distributions[J].Journal of Biogeography,2004,31(10):1555-1568.
[28]邵慧,田佳倩,郭柯,等.样本容量和物种特征对BIOCLIM模型模拟物种分布准确度的影响:以12个中国特有落叶栎树种为例[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(5):870-877.Shao H,Tian J Q,Guo K,et al.Effects of sample size and species traits on performance of bioclim in predicting geographical distribution of tree species:a case study with 12 deciduous Quercus species indigenous to China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2009,33(5):870--877.
[2]郑桂芬,王帅.水榆花楸生物学特性及育苗技术[J].防护林科技,2017(6):120-121.Zheng G F,Wang S.Biological characteristics and seedling technology of Sorbus alnifolia[J].Protection Forest Science and Technology,2017(6):120-121.
[3]李秀信,文沛瑶,吉文丽,等.超声波协同双水相体系提取水榆花楸叶总黄酮工艺[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(5):252--256.Li X X,Wen P Y,Ji W L,et al.Optimization of ultrasonic assisted aqueous two-phase extraction technology of total flavonoid from Sorbus alnifolia leaf[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(5):252--256.
[4]王亮.水榆花楸1年生苗生长过程的研究[J].防护林科技,2016(2):12--14.Wang L.Growth process of one-year-old Sorbus alnifolia seedlings[J].Protection Forest Science and Technology,2016(2):12-14.
[5]宋洪文,张象君,辛宝英,等.水榆花楸微型繁殖技术的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(5):1898-1899.Song H W,Zhang X J,Xin B Y,et al.Study on micro propagation technology of Sorbus alnifolia[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2013,41(5):1898--1899.
[6]卞付萍.干旱胁迫下水榆花楸生长及生理特性的研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2014.Bian F P.Effects of drought stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of Sorbus alnifolia[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2014.
[7]张红星.水榆花楸种子休眠和幼苗生理特性研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2010.Zhang H X.Studies on seed dormancy and seedling physiological characteristics of Sorbus alnifolia[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2010.
[8]邱靖,伊贤贵,汤庚国,等.黄山水榆花楸群落结构分析[J].四川农业大学学报,2016,34(3):304-311.Qiu J,Yi X G,Tang G G,et al.Analysis od community structure of Sorbus alnifolia in Huangshan Mountain[J].Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University,2016,34(3):304--311.
[9]Anderson R P.A framework for using niche models to estimate impacts of climate change on species distributions[J].Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,2013,1297(1):8-28.
[10]曹福祥,徐庆军,曹受金,等.全球变暖对物种分布的影响研究进展[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2008,28(6):86-89.Cao F X,Xu Q J,Cao S J,et al.Advances of global warming impact on species distribution[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2008,28(6):86-89.
[11]Wang W G,Tang X Y,Zhu Q L,et al.Predicting the impacts of climate change on the potential distribution of major native non-food bioenergy plants in China[J].PLos One,2014,9(11):1--11.
[12]Xu Y,Shen Z H,Ying L X,et al.Hotspot analyses indicate significant conservation gaps for evergreen broadleaved woody plants in China[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):1-10.
[13]Hijmans R J,Guarino L,Cruz M,et al.Computer tools for spatial analysis of plant genetic resources data(1):DIVA-GIS[J].Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter,2001,127:15--19.
[14]Hijmans R J,Spooner D M.Geographic distribution of wild potato species[J].American Journal of Botany,2001,88(11):2101--2112.
[15]姜建福,樊秀彩,张颖,等.中国三种濒危葡萄属(Vitis L.)植物的地理分布模拟[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(6):1615-1622.Jiang J F,Fan X C,Zhang Y,et al.Modeling the geographic distribution of three endangered Vitis species in China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(6):1615--1622.
[16]朱弘,尤禄祥,李涌福,等.浙闽樱桃地理分布模拟及气候限制因子分析[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2017,25(4):315-322.Zhu H,You L X,Li Y F,et al.Modeling the geographical distribution pattern and climatic limited factors of Cerasus schneideriana[J].Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany,2017,25(4):315-322.
[17]张兴旺,李垚,方炎明.麻栎在中国的地理分布及潜在分布区预测[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(8):1685-1692.Zhang X W,Li Y,Fang Y M.Geographical distribution and prediction of potential ranges of Quercus acutissimain China[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2014,34(8):1685-1692.
[18]王娟,倪健.中国北方温带地区5种锦鸡儿植物的分布模拟[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(1):12--24.Wang J,Ni J.Modeling the distribution of Caragana species in temperate northern China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2009,33(1):12--24.
[19]朱耿平,范靖宇,王梦琳,等.ROC曲线形状在生态位模型评价中的重要性:以美国白蛾为例[J].生物安全学报,2017,26(3):184-190.Zhu G P,Fan J Y,Wang M L,et al.The importance of the shape of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve in ecological niche model evaluation-case study of Hlyphantria cunea[J].Journal of Biosafety,2017,26(3):184-190.
[20]Allouche O,Tsoar A,Kadmon R.Assessing the accuracy of species distribution models:prevalence,kappa and the true skill statistic(TSS)[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,43(6):1223--1232.
[21]张超,陈磊,田呈明,等.基于GARP和Max Ent的云杉矮槲寄生分布区的预测[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(5):23-32.Zhang C,Chen L,Tian C M,et al.Predicting the distribution of dwarf mistletoe(Arceuthobium sichuanense)with GARP and Max Ent models[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2016,38(5):23--32.
[22]张琴,张东方,吴明丽,等.基于生态位模型预测天麻全球潜在适生区[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(7):770--778.Zhang Q,Zhang D F,Wu M L,et al.Predicting the global areas for potential distribution of Gastrodia elata based on ecological niche models[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2017,41(7):770--778.
[23]谢彩香,张琴,白光宇.木本能源植物文冠果的生态特征及区划[J].植物科学学报,2018,36(2):229-236.Xie C X,Zhang Q,Bai G Y.Ecological characteristics and regionalization of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge,a woody energy plant[J].Plant Science Journal,2018,36(2):229-236.
[24]张琴,宋经元,邵飞,等.防风固沙优良树种欧李的潜在适生区及生态特征[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(3):66--74.Zhang Q,Song J Y,Shao F,et al.Potential suitable distribution area and ecological characteristics of Cerasus humilis,an excellent tree species for windproof and sand fixation[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2018,40(3):66--74.
[25]张红星,张硕新,雷瑞德.火地塘油松群落中9种植物光合特性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2005,20(1):20-24.Zhang H X,Zhang S X,Lei R D.The photosynthetic characteristics of nine plants in community of Pinus tabuliformis at huoditang forest region[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2005,20(1):20-24.
[26]杭红涛,吴沿友,邢德科,等.贵州玉舍国家森林公园三种造林植物光合生理特征研究[J].广西植物,2018,38(1):36-47.Hang H T,Wu Y Y,Xing D K,et al.Photosynthetic physiology characteristics of three afforestation tree species in Guizhou Yushe National Forest Park[J].Guihaia,2018,38(1):36-47.
[27]Pedro S,Miguel B A.An evaluation of methods for modelling species distributions[J].Journal of Biogeography,2004,31(10):1555-1568.
[28]邵慧,田佳倩,郭柯,等.样本容量和物种特征对BIOCLIM模型模拟物种分布准确度的影响:以12个中国特有落叶栎树种为例[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(5):870-877.Shao H,Tian J Q,Guo K,et al.Effects of sample size and species traits on performance of bioclim in predicting geographical distribution of tree species:a case study with 12 deciduous Quercus species indigenous to China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2009,33(5):870--877.