不同密度和行距配置对工业大麻生长及产量的影响
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摘要
为探索能兼顾麻秆、麻叶和麻皮产量的多用途种植模式,以‘晋麻1号’为试验材料,设置等行距M_1(35 cm)和宽窄行M_2(宽行50 cm,窄行20 cm)2种行距,以及30(D_1)、 45(D_2)和60万株/hm~2(D_3)3种种植密度,分析不同密度和行距配置对工业大麻品种‘晋麻1号’的农艺性状、SPAD值、光合性能及产量的影响。结果表明:与等行距M_1相比,宽窄行M_2种植在株高、茎粗、干物质积累量、有效株数、SPAD值、光合性能和产量方面更有优势;密度和行距配置对工业大麻麻秆、麻叶和麻皮产量影响显著,在D_1下,M_2分别比M_1增产28.28%、18.65%和13.81%;在D_2下,M_2分别比M_1增产19.37%、27.37%和4.07%;在D_3下,M_2分别比M_1增产21.55%、16.80%和5.68%。不同行距配置下密度对产量影响表现不同,在M_1下,麻叶产量表现为D_1>D_3>D_2,麻秆和麻皮产量都表现为D_2>D_1>D_3;在M_2下,麻叶产量表现为D_2>D_1>D_3,麻秆和麻皮产量都表现为D_1>D_2>D_3。综合分析后推荐宽窄行种植(宽行50 cm,窄行20 cm),密度30万株/hm~2作为工业大麻多功能综合利用种植模式,可兼顾麻秆、麻叶和麻皮产量。
The aim of this study was to explore a multi-purpose cultivation pattern which can take into account the yield of hemp straws,hemp leaves and hemp fibers.Two planting patterns,equal row pattern M_1(35 cm),wide narrow row pattern M_2(50 cm+20 cm) and three planting densities D_1:30×10~4,D_2:45×10~4,D_3:60×10~4 plants/hm~2,were set to research the effects of densities and row spacing on the agronomic characters,SPAD value,photosynthesis and yield of a hemp variety ‘Jinma 1'.The main findings of the study were as follows.Compared with equal row pattern M_1,wide narrow row pattern M_2 had obvious advantages in plant height,stem diameter,dry matter accumulation,effective plant number,SPAD value,photosynthetic performance and yield.The effects of densities and row spacing on the yield of industrial hemp stalks,leaves and bast fibers were significant:At D_1,M_2 increased the yield by 28.28%,18.65%,13.81% than M_1,respectively;At D_2,M_2 increased 19.37%,27.37%,4.07% than M_1,and at D_3,M_2 increased 21.55%,16.80%,5.68% than M_1,respectively.The effects of densities on yields were different under different row spacing configurations:The yield of hemp leaf expressed D_1>D_3>D_2,and the yields of stalk and bark of hemp expressed D_2>D_1>D_3 in M_1;The yield of hemp leaf expressed D_2>D_1>D_3,and the yields of stalk and bark of hemp expressed D_1>D_2>D_3 in M_2.In conclusion,wide narrow row pattern combining with planting density of 30×10~4 plants/hm~2 was optimal for multi-functional planting patterns and the yields of straws,leaves and fibers of industrial hemp could be taken into account.
The aim of this study was to explore a multi-purpose cultivation pattern which can take into account the yield of hemp straws,hemp leaves and hemp fibers.Two planting patterns,equal row pattern M_1(35 cm),wide narrow row pattern M_2(50 cm+20 cm) and three planting densities D_1:30×10~4,D_2:45×10~4,D_3:60×10~4 plants/hm~2,were set to research the effects of densities and row spacing on the agronomic characters,SPAD value,photosynthesis and yield of a hemp variety ‘Jinma 1'.The main findings of the study were as follows.Compared with equal row pattern M_1,wide narrow row pattern M_2 had obvious advantages in plant height,stem diameter,dry matter accumulation,effective plant number,SPAD value,photosynthetic performance and yield.The effects of densities and row spacing on the yield of industrial hemp stalks,leaves and bast fibers were significant:At D_1,M_2 increased the yield by 28.28%,18.65%,13.81% than M_1,respectively;At D_2,M_2 increased 19.37%,27.37%,4.07% than M_1,and at D_3,M_2 increased 21.55%,16.80%,5.68% than M_1,respectively.The effects of densities on yields were different under different row spacing configurations:The yield of hemp leaf expressed D_1>D_3>D_2,and the yields of stalk and bark of hemp expressed D_2>D_1>D_3 in M_1;The yield of hemp leaf expressed D_2>D_1>D_3,and the yields of stalk and bark of hemp expressed D_1>D_2>D_3 in M_2.In conclusion,wide narrow row pattern combining with planting density of 30×10~4 plants/hm~2 was optimal for multi-functional planting patterns and the yields of straws,leaves and fibers of industrial hemp could be taken into account.
引文
[1] Salentijn E M,Zang Q,Amaducci S,Yang M,Trindade L M.New developments in fiber hemp (Cannabis sativa L) breeding[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2015,68(3):32-41
[2] Bevan R,Woolley T.Hemp Lime Construction:A Guide To Building With Hemp Lime Composites[M].London:Building Research Establishment,2008
[3] Pritchett I.Hemp and Lime Composites in Sustainable Construction[C].In:11th International Conference on Non-conventional Materials and Technologies Materials for Sustainable Construction.Bath:University of Bath,2009
[4] Institute of Medicine.Marijuana’s Medical Future[M].Washington D C:The National Academies Press,2000
[5] Lenk R,Likar R.Cannabinoids in medicine[J].Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift,2008,158(23-24):668
[6] Struik P C,Amaducci S,Bullard M J,Stutterheim N C,Venturi G,Cromack H T H.Agronomy of fibre hemp (Cannabis sativa L) in Europe[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2000,11(2):107-118
[7] Amaducci S,Scordia D,Liu F H,Zhang Q,Guo H,Testa G,Cosentino S L.Key cultivation techniques for hemp in Europe and China[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2015,68(2B):2-16
[8] Finnan J,Styles D.Hemp:A more sustainable annual energy crop for climate and energy policy[J].Energy Policy,2013,58:152-162
[9] Amaducci S,Zatta A,Raffanini M,Venturi G.Characterisation of hemp (Cannabis sativa L) roots under different growing conditions[J].Plant and Soil,2008,313(1/2):227-235
[10] Bócsa I,Karus M.The Cultivation of Hemp:Botany,Varieties,Cultivation and Harvesting[M].Sebastopol:Hemptech Press,1998
[11] 杨文钰.农学概论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002Yang W Y.Introduction to Agriculture[M].Beijing:Chinese Agricultural Press,2002 (in Chinese)
[12] 关凤芝.大麻遗传育种与栽培技术 [M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2010Guan F Z.Genetic Breeding and Cultivation of Hemp[M].Harbin:Heilongjiang People’s Publishing House,2010 (in Chinese)
[13] 杨吉顺,高辉远,刘鹏,李耕,董树亭,张吉旺,王敬锋.种植密度和行距配置对超高产夏玉米群体光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2010,36(7):1226-1233Yang J S,Gao H Y,Liu P,Li G,Dong S T,Zhang J W,Wang J F.Effects of planting density and row spacing on canopy apparent photosynthesis of high-yield summer corn[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2010,36(7):1226-1233 (in Chinese)
[14] 孔佳茜,康红梅,赵铭森,赵龙.大麻新品种“晋麻1号”选育报告[J].中国麻业科学,2011,33(5):217-219Kong J Q,Kang H M,Zhao M S,Zhao L.Breeding of a new hemp variety‘Jin Ma 1’[J].Plant Fiber Sciences in China,2011,33(5):217-219 (in Chinese)
[15] Markwell J,Osterman J C,Mitchell J L.Calibration of the Minolta SPAD-502 leaf chlorophyll meter[J].Photosynthesis Research,1995,46(3):467-72
[16] 杨利华,张丽华,张全国,姚艳荣,贾秀领,马瑞崑.种植样式对高密度夏玉米产量和株高整齐度的影响[J].玉米科学,2006,14(6):122-124Yang L H,Zhang L H,Zhang Q G,Yao Y R,Jia X L,Ma R K.Effect of row spacing pattern on yield and plant height uniformity in highly-densed summer maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2006,14(6):122-124 (in Chinese)
[17] Vanderwerf H M G,Wijlhuizen M,Deschutter J A A.Plant density and self-thinning affect yield and quality of fiber hemp (Cannabis Sativa L) [J].Field Crops Research,1995,40(3):153-164
[18] Campiglia E,Radicetti E,Mancinelli R.Plant density and nitrogen fertilization affect agronomic performance of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L) in Mediterranean environment [J].Industrial Crops and Products,2017,100:246-254
[19] 邹吉波.玉米宽窄行交替种植技术的应用 [J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(9):1824-1826Zhou J B.Technique of the alternately planting of the broad line and narrow line in corn cultivation[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2006,34(9):1824-1826 (in Chinese)
[20] 赵殿忱,陈渊.大豆宽窄行密植栽培技术试验研究[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2000,16(1):45-49Zhao D C,Chen Y.Cultivation techniques with high density in wide-narrow ridge of soybean[J].System Sciences and Comprehensive Studies in Agriculture,2000,16(1):45-49 (in Chinese)
[2] Bevan R,Woolley T.Hemp Lime Construction:A Guide To Building With Hemp Lime Composites[M].London:Building Research Establishment,2008
[3] Pritchett I.Hemp and Lime Composites in Sustainable Construction[C].In:11th International Conference on Non-conventional Materials and Technologies Materials for Sustainable Construction.Bath:University of Bath,2009
[4] Institute of Medicine.Marijuana’s Medical Future[M].Washington D C:The National Academies Press,2000
[5] Lenk R,Likar R.Cannabinoids in medicine[J].Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift,2008,158(23-24):668
[6] Struik P C,Amaducci S,Bullard M J,Stutterheim N C,Venturi G,Cromack H T H.Agronomy of fibre hemp (Cannabis sativa L) in Europe[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2000,11(2):107-118
[7] Amaducci S,Scordia D,Liu F H,Zhang Q,Guo H,Testa G,Cosentino S L.Key cultivation techniques for hemp in Europe and China[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2015,68(2B):2-16
[8] Finnan J,Styles D.Hemp:A more sustainable annual energy crop for climate and energy policy[J].Energy Policy,2013,58:152-162
[9] Amaducci S,Zatta A,Raffanini M,Venturi G.Characterisation of hemp (Cannabis sativa L) roots under different growing conditions[J].Plant and Soil,2008,313(1/2):227-235
[10] Bócsa I,Karus M.The Cultivation of Hemp:Botany,Varieties,Cultivation and Harvesting[M].Sebastopol:Hemptech Press,1998
[11] 杨文钰.农学概论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002Yang W Y.Introduction to Agriculture[M].Beijing:Chinese Agricultural Press,2002 (in Chinese)
[12] 关凤芝.大麻遗传育种与栽培技术 [M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2010Guan F Z.Genetic Breeding and Cultivation of Hemp[M].Harbin:Heilongjiang People’s Publishing House,2010 (in Chinese)
[13] 杨吉顺,高辉远,刘鹏,李耕,董树亭,张吉旺,王敬锋.种植密度和行距配置对超高产夏玉米群体光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2010,36(7):1226-1233Yang J S,Gao H Y,Liu P,Li G,Dong S T,Zhang J W,Wang J F.Effects of planting density and row spacing on canopy apparent photosynthesis of high-yield summer corn[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2010,36(7):1226-1233 (in Chinese)
[14] 孔佳茜,康红梅,赵铭森,赵龙.大麻新品种“晋麻1号”选育报告[J].中国麻业科学,2011,33(5):217-219Kong J Q,Kang H M,Zhao M S,Zhao L.Breeding of a new hemp variety‘Jin Ma 1’[J].Plant Fiber Sciences in China,2011,33(5):217-219 (in Chinese)
[15] Markwell J,Osterman J C,Mitchell J L.Calibration of the Minolta SPAD-502 leaf chlorophyll meter[J].Photosynthesis Research,1995,46(3):467-72
[16] 杨利华,张丽华,张全国,姚艳荣,贾秀领,马瑞崑.种植样式对高密度夏玉米产量和株高整齐度的影响[J].玉米科学,2006,14(6):122-124Yang L H,Zhang L H,Zhang Q G,Yao Y R,Jia X L,Ma R K.Effect of row spacing pattern on yield and plant height uniformity in highly-densed summer maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2006,14(6):122-124 (in Chinese)
[17] Vanderwerf H M G,Wijlhuizen M,Deschutter J A A.Plant density and self-thinning affect yield and quality of fiber hemp (Cannabis Sativa L) [J].Field Crops Research,1995,40(3):153-164
[18] Campiglia E,Radicetti E,Mancinelli R.Plant density and nitrogen fertilization affect agronomic performance of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L) in Mediterranean environment [J].Industrial Crops and Products,2017,100:246-254
[19] 邹吉波.玉米宽窄行交替种植技术的应用 [J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(9):1824-1826Zhou J B.Technique of the alternately planting of the broad line and narrow line in corn cultivation[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2006,34(9):1824-1826 (in Chinese)
[20] 赵殿忱,陈渊.大豆宽窄行密植栽培技术试验研究[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2000,16(1):45-49Zhao D C,Chen Y.Cultivation techniques with high density in wide-narrow ridge of soybean[J].System Sciences and Comprehensive Studies in Agriculture,2000,16(1):45-49 (in Chinese)