宽苗带勾型窝眼轮式小麦精量排种器设计与试验
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摘要
为解决宽苗带小麦精密播种排种器排种均匀性差的难题,结合小麦精量排种技术提出一种勾型窝眼轮式宽苗带小麦精量排种器,使种子行内分布均匀,行间种子不散乱。对关键参数进行了设计和理论分析,通过EDEM离散元软件完成了种层厚度调节板水平距离、窝眼布置形式、窝眼个数、窝眼倾角、种箱底板倾角对充种性能影响的单因素试验。在此基础上以勾型窝眼轮转速、种层厚度调节板垂直高度和窝眼长度为试验因素进行了多元二次回归旋转正交组合试验并应用Design-Expert 8. 0. 6软件对试验数据进行分析,得到回归模型和因素对指标影响关系,确定了影响单粒率重要性大小依次为窝眼长度、种层厚度调节板垂直高度和排种轮转速,排种轮转速与窝眼长度间交互作用不可忽视;影响合格率重要性由大到小依次为种层厚度调节板垂直高度、排种轮转速和窝眼长度。基于回归模型进行多目标参数优化,结果表明:排种轮转速为23. 05 r/min、窝眼长度为7. 00 mm、种层厚度调节板垂直高度为25. 00 mm时,合格率为98. 59%。对该优化参数组合下的排种器进行充种性能和排种性能台架试验,结果表明:充种合格率为98. 01%,试验验证结果与仿真优化结果相吻合,验证了仿真优化结果的可靠性,此时排种器4行间充种合格率变异系数仅为1. 20%,宽苗带各行间变异系数较小;排种合格率为90. 03%,行间排种合格率变异系数为1. 50%,行内均匀性变异系数达到16. 54%,排种性能明显优于常用外槽轮排种器。
In order to solve the problem of poor uniformity of wheat precision seed metering device used in wide seedling strip,combined with wheat precision seeding technology,a kind of hook-hole type wheat precision seed metering device used in wide seedling strip was proposed to ensure uniform distribution of seeds in rows,and the seeds in rows were not scattered. The design and theoretical analysis of key parameters were carried out. Single factor test on the effects of the horizontal distance of the seed-layer thickness adjusting plate,the arrangement of the hole,the number of hole,the inclination angle of the hole and the inclination angle of the bottom plate in seed box on seed-filling performance were studied by EDEM discrete element software,and then the parameters were determined. On this basis,the multiple quadratic regression rotation orthogonal combination test was carried out with the rotation speed of the type-hole wheel,the vertical height of the seed-layer thickness adjusting plate and the length of the hole,and then the test data was analyzed by Design-Expert 8. 0. 6 software. The regression model and the influence of factors on the index were obtained. The influence relation of factors on the single rate was determined and the order of importance was the length of hole,the vertical height of the seed-layer thickness adjusting plate and the rotation speed of the cell-type wheel in turn. Interaction between the length of cell and the rotation speed of the cell-type wheel can not be ignored. The order of importance to the qualified rate was the vertical height of the seed-layer thickness adjusting plate,the rotation speed of the cell-type wheel and the length of hole in turn. Based on the regression model,the parameters wereoptimized. The optimization results of the target parameters showed that when the rotation speed of the cell-type wheel was 23. 05 r/min,the length of the hole was 7. 00 mm,and the vertical height of the thickness adjusting plate was 25. 00 mm,and then the qualified rate was 98. 59%. The seed metering device under the optimized parameter combination was tested for seed-filling performance and seedmetering performance. The results showed that the qualified seed-filling rate was 98. 01%,and the relative error between the test verification result and the simulation optimization result agreed well. The reliability of the simulation optimization result was verified. The variation coefficient of the seed-filling qualified rate among the four rows of seeders was only 1. 20%,and the variation coefficient among the rows of the wide strip was small; the qualified seed-metering rate was 90. 03%,coefficient of variation of the seed-filling qualified rate between rows was 1. 50%,coefficient of variation of uniformity in a row was16. 54%. The performance of seed metering was much better than that of existing common grooved seedmetering device. The wheat precision seed metering device of hook-type-hole solved the problem of nonuniform distribution of random scattered distribution in outer groove wheel seed metering device used in wide seedling strip. The research results provided a reference for the design of the wheat precision seeder used in wide seedling strip.
In order to solve the problem of poor uniformity of wheat precision seed metering device used in wide seedling strip,combined with wheat precision seeding technology,a kind of hook-hole type wheat precision seed metering device used in wide seedling strip was proposed to ensure uniform distribution of seeds in rows,and the seeds in rows were not scattered. The design and theoretical analysis of key parameters were carried out. Single factor test on the effects of the horizontal distance of the seed-layer thickness adjusting plate,the arrangement of the hole,the number of hole,the inclination angle of the hole and the inclination angle of the bottom plate in seed box on seed-filling performance were studied by EDEM discrete element software,and then the parameters were determined. On this basis,the multiple quadratic regression rotation orthogonal combination test was carried out with the rotation speed of the type-hole wheel,the vertical height of the seed-layer thickness adjusting plate and the length of the hole,and then the test data was analyzed by Design-Expert 8. 0. 6 software. The regression model and the influence of factors on the index were obtained. The influence relation of factors on the single rate was determined and the order of importance was the length of hole,the vertical height of the seed-layer thickness adjusting plate and the rotation speed of the cell-type wheel in turn. Interaction between the length of cell and the rotation speed of the cell-type wheel can not be ignored. The order of importance to the qualified rate was the vertical height of the seed-layer thickness adjusting plate,the rotation speed of the cell-type wheel and the length of hole in turn. Based on the regression model,the parameters wereoptimized. The optimization results of the target parameters showed that when the rotation speed of the cell-type wheel was 23. 05 r/min,the length of the hole was 7. 00 mm,and the vertical height of the thickness adjusting plate was 25. 00 mm,and then the qualified rate was 98. 59%. The seed metering device under the optimized parameter combination was tested for seed-filling performance and seedmetering performance. The results showed that the qualified seed-filling rate was 98. 01%,and the relative error between the test verification result and the simulation optimization result agreed well. The reliability of the simulation optimization result was verified. The variation coefficient of the seed-filling qualified rate among the four rows of seeders was only 1. 20%,and the variation coefficient among the rows of the wide strip was small; the qualified seed-metering rate was 90. 03%,coefficient of variation of the seed-filling qualified rate between rows was 1. 50%,coefficient of variation of uniformity in a row was16. 54%. The performance of seed metering was much better than that of existing common grooved seedmetering device. The wheat precision seed metering device of hook-type-hole solved the problem of nonuniform distribution of random scattered distribution in outer groove wheel seed metering device used in wide seedling strip. The research results provided a reference for the design of the wheat precision seeder used in wide seedling strip.
引文
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[2]冯伟,李世莹,王永华,等.宽幅播种下带间距对冬小麦衰老进程及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(8):2686-2694.FENG Wei,LI Shiying,WANG Yonghua,et al. Effects of spacing intervals on the ageing process and grain yield in winter wheat under wide bed planting methods[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(8):2686-2694.(in Chinese)
[3]李拴良,任长宏,格桑曲珍,等.宽幅硬茬播种对冬小麦生长、产量及品质的效应[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(1):80-85.LI Shuanliang,REN Changhong,GESANG Quzhen,et al. Effect of no-tilled wide planting pattern on growth,yield and quality of winter wheat[J]. Journal of Wheat Crop,2015,35(1):80-85.(in Chinese)
[4]彭强吉,荐世春,何青海,等.小麦单粒精密播种机的研制[J].农机化研究,2017,39(7):71-75.PENG Qiangji,JIAN Shichun,HE Qinghai,et al. Development of a single grain of wheat precision seeder[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017,39(7):71-75.(in Chinese)
[5]李洪昌,高芳,赵湛,等.国内外精密排种器研究现状与发展趋势[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(2):12-16.LI Hongchang,GAO Fang,ZHAO Zhan,et al. Domestic and overseas research status and development trend of precision seedmetering device[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2014,35(2):12-16.(in Chinese)
[6]梁素钰,封俊,曾爱军.我国小麦精密播种机的现状与发展趋势[J].农业机械学报,1998,29(增刊):85-88.LIANG Suyu,FENG Jun,ZENG Aijun. The situation and prospect of wheat precision planters in China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1998,29(Supp.):85-88.(in Chinese)
[7]刘国明,周吉红,冯万红.宽幅播种对小麦产量的影响[J].农业科技通讯,2013(3):55-58.
[8]杨丽,颜丙新,张东兴,等.玉米精密播种技术研究进展[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(11):38-48. http:∥www. jcsam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20161106&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 11. 006.YANG Li,YAN Bingxin,ZHANG Dongxing,et al. Research progress on precision planting technology of maize[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(11):38-48.(in Chinese)
[9]刘艳芬,林静,李宝筏,等.玉米播种机水平圆盘排种器型孔设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(8):37-46.LIU Yanfen,LIN Jing,LI Baofa,et al. Design and experiment of horizontal disc seed metering device for maize seeder[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(8):37-46.(in Chinese)
[10]张昆,衣淑娟.气吸滚筒式玉米排种器充种性能仿真与试验优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(7):78-86. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20170710&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2017. 07. 010.ZHANG Kun,YI Shujuan. Simulation and experimental optimization on filling seeds performance of seed metering device with roller of air-suction[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(7):78-86.(in Chinese)
[11] St JACK D,HESTERMAN D C,GUZZOM A L. Precision metering of Santalum spicatum(Australian Sandalwood)seeds[J].Biosystems Engineering,2013,115(2):171-183.
[12] AN Xue,WANG Sheng,DUAN Hongyan,et al. Test on effect of the operating speed of maize-soybean interplanting seeders on performance of seeder-metering devices[J]. Procedia Engineering,2017,174:353-359.
[13] ANG J W,TANG H,WANG J F,et al. Optimization design and experiment on ripple surface type pickup finger of precision maize seed metering device[J]. International Journal of Agriculture and Biological Engineering,2017,10(1):61-71.
[14]刘彩玲,王超,宋建农,等.振动供种型孔轮式非圆种子精密排种器设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(5):108-115. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20180512&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 05. 012.LIU Cailing,WANG Chao,SONG Jiannong,et al. Design and seed-filling test of cell-type precision seed-metering device with vibration technology[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(5):108-115.(in Chinese)
[15]李培建.宽苗带小麦智控旋耕施播机的设计[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2017.LI Peijian. The design of multi-function and intelligent controlled wide line wheat sowing machine[D]. Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese)
[16]牛琪,王庆杰,陈黎卿,等.秸秆后覆盖小麦播种机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(11):52-59. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20171107&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2017. 11. 007.NIU Qi,WANG Qingjie,CHEN Liqing,et al. Design and experiment on straw post-covering wheat planter[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(11):52-59.(in Chinese)
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