桂糖系列甘蔗亲本开花习性及其遗传分析
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摘要
为明确桂糖系列甘蔗亲本的开花习性,2011—2018年连续7个杂交季节对中国农业科学院甘蔗研究中心海南甘蔗杂交基地的25个桂糖系列亲本的始花期、抽穗率和花粉染色率进行了调查和分析。结果表明,甘蔗亲本始花期、抽穗率和花粉染色率的广义遗传力分别为0.9502、0.9631和0.9236,均属遗传力较高的性状;始花期最早的亲本是桂糖28号,最迟的是桂糖11号,2011/2012年杂交季节各亲本的始花期普遍最早,2017/2018年杂交季各亲本的始花期普遍最晚;抽穗率低的亲本是桂糖11号、桂糖21号、桂糖32号、桂糖43号和桂糖47号,这5个亲本属于难开花亲本,其余20个亲本均属于易开花亲本;花粉染色率低的亲本是桂糖24号、桂糖34号、桂糖45号和桂糖48号,这4个亲本的花粉染色率历年均低于30%,杂交时只能作为母本,桂糖28号、桂糖41号和桂糖44号的花粉染色率最高。以上结果为桂糖系列甘蔗亲本的杂交育种工作提供重要的依据。
In order to clarify the flowering habits for GT sugarcane parents, the initial flowering time, heading rate and pollen dyeing rate for 25 GT parents were investigated and analyzed among 2011-2018 crossing seasons at Hainan Sugarcane Crossing Station of Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The results showed that broad-sense heritability of the initial flowering time, the heading rate and the pollen dyeing rate were 0.9502, 0.9631 and 0.9236, respectively, indicating that the three characters were of high heritability. The parent with the earliest first flowering time was GT28 and the parent with the latest first flowering time was GT11. Twenty-five parents had the earliest flowering time in 2011/2012 crossing season and the latest one in 2017/2018 crossing season. The parents with small heading rate were GT11, GT21, GT32, GT43 and GT47, belonging to difficult flowering parents, and the rest 20 parents were easy flowering parents. The parents with low pollen dyeing rates were GT24, GT34, GT45 and GT48, and the parents with high pollen dyeing rates were GT28, GT41 and GT44. These results would provide a useful reference for the crossing of GT sugarcane parents.
In order to clarify the flowering habits for GT sugarcane parents, the initial flowering time, heading rate and pollen dyeing rate for 25 GT parents were investigated and analyzed among 2011-2018 crossing seasons at Hainan Sugarcane Crossing Station of Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The results showed that broad-sense heritability of the initial flowering time, the heading rate and the pollen dyeing rate were 0.9502, 0.9631 and 0.9236, respectively, indicating that the three characters were of high heritability. The parent with the earliest first flowering time was GT28 and the parent with the latest first flowering time was GT11. Twenty-five parents had the earliest flowering time in 2011/2012 crossing season and the latest one in 2017/2018 crossing season. The parents with small heading rate were GT11, GT21, GT32, GT43 and GT47, belonging to difficult flowering parents, and the rest 20 parents were easy flowering parents. The parents with low pollen dyeing rates were GT24, GT34, GT45 and GT48, and the parents with high pollen dyeing rates were GT28, GT41 and GT44. These results would provide a useful reference for the crossing of GT sugarcane parents.
引文
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[2]黄锦福,邓海华.甘蔗常用亲本始花期及其遗传研究[J].甘蔗糖业, 2004(4):6-10, 18.
[3]洪月云,卢川北,戴艺民.难开花甘蔗亲本的开花习性及斑茅花粉贮存技术初报[J].甘蔗, 1997, 4(2):5-8.
[4]吴其卫,符成,张垂明.优良甘蔗难花亲本的开花诱导与利用研究[J].现代农业科技, 2010(13):70, 72.
[5]周峰,胡后祥,金玉峰,等.夜间温度对光周期诱导甘蔗开花的影响[J].西南农业学报, 2013, 26(1):99-102.
[6]胡后祥,周峰,常海龙,等.涝渍胁迫处理对甘蔗开花的影响[J].甘蔗糖业, 2012(6):6-11.
[7]胡后祥,周峰,吴其卫,等.泡水处理对甘蔗抽穗率的影响[J].安徽农业科学, 2010, 38(30):16838-16839, 16841.
[8]周峰,张垂明,胡后祥,等.剪叶处理对甘蔗亲本开花影响初探[J].广东农业科学, 2011, 38(2):25-26.
[9]张垂明,刘少谋,符成,等.断夜处理不同光照强度对延迟甘蔗花期的影响[J].甘蔗糖业, 2007(3):1-6, 21.
[10]张垂明,符成,刘少谋,等.断夜处理天数对延迟甘蔗开花的影响[J].甘蔗糖业, 2007(4):1-6, 24.
[11]吴建涛,许环映,张垂明,等.不同环境下甘蔗亲本开花情况及其遗传研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(9):1954-1957.
[12]周耀辉,黄启尧.用培养法测定甘蔗花粉生活力[J].甘蔗, 1994, 1(2):10-12.
[13]陈俊吕,常海龙,王勤南,等.9份甘蔗核心种质的初花期花粉活力[J].安徽农业科学, 2017, 45(35):45-47.
[14]常海龙,胡后祥,张伟,等.甘蔗开花生物学特性及花粉活力研究[J].热带农业科学, 2017, 37(4):7-12.
[15]常海龙,张垂明,张伟,等.甘蔗花粉活力和柱头可授性日变化研究[J].广东农业科学, 2017, 44(4):14-18.
[16]龙永惠,徐鹤龙.甘蔗花粉低温贮藏研究[J].甘蔗糖业,1993(4):14-16.
[17]何红,甘海鹏.甘蔗花粉贮藏技术及其应用[J].广西农业科学, 1990(3):16-18.