山鸡椒雌花花芽分化形态特征及碳氮营养变化
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摘要
目的]了解和掌握山鸡椒雌花花芽分化的形态特征及碳氮营养规律,为山鸡椒人工栽培及杂交育种提供参考依据。[方法]采用石蜡切片法观察山鸡椒雌花花芽分化的组织解剖结构,采用生理试剂盒-分光光度法测定雌花不同分化时期的可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白、碳氮比等碳氮营养指标。[结果]表明:(1)山鸡椒雌花花芽分化经过未分化期—花序原基分化期—苞片原基分化期—花原基分化期—花器官分化期5个时期。(2)叶片可溶性糖含量随着花芽分化的发展呈不断升高的趋势,最高可达65.07 mg·g~(-1)。叶片淀粉含量随着分化时期的推进呈先升后降的趋势,其最高值出现在苞片原基分化期,达到81.30 mg·g~(-1),最低值出现在花器官分化期,为52.19 mg·g~(-1)。(3)叶片可溶性蛋白含量在花芽前3个分化期呈持续下降趋势,从61.32 mg·g~(-1)下降到52.48 mg·g~(-1),之后基本保持稳定。叶片中的碳氮比在花芽前3个分化期呈持续上升趋势,从1.49上升至2.61,之后基本维持在较高水平。[结论]山鸡椒雌花花芽分化的内部形态特征与雄花基本一致,雌花花芽分化分为5个时期。山鸡椒雌花花芽分化过程中,叶片中可溶性糖不断升高,而可溶性蛋白下降明显,碳氮比升高且保持在较高水平。
[Objective] To understand and grasp flower bud anatomical characteristics and carbon and nitrogen nutrition of Litsea cubeba in female flower bud differentiation,and provide reference for artificial cultivation and cross breeding of Litsea cubeba.[Method]The histological anatomy of the female flower bud differentiation of L.cubeba was observed by paraffin section method.The carbon and nitrogen nutrition indexes of soluble sugar,starch,soluble protein and carbon nitrogen ratio were determined by physiological kit and spectrophotometry.[Result](1)The differentiation of the female flower bud in L.cubeba followed five stages:undifferentiation,inflorescence primordium differentiation,bract primordium differentiation,flower primordium differentiation and floral organ differentiation.(2)The soluble sugar content of leaves increased with the development of the female flower bud differentiation,and the highest value was 65.07 mg·g~(-1).The starch content of leaves increased at first and then decreased with the development of the female flower bud differentiation,and the highest value appeared in the stage of bract primordium differentiation,which reached 81.30 mg·g~(-1),and the lowest value appeared in floral organ differentiation stage,which was 52.19 mg·g~(-1).(3)The content of soluble protein in leaves decreased continuously from 61.32mg·g~(-1)to 52.48 mg·g~(-1)in the first three stages,and then remained stable.The ratio of carbon to nitrogen in leaves increased continuously from 1.49 to 2.61 in the first three stages,and then remained stable in the high level.[Conclusion]The internal anatomical characteristics of the female flower bud differentiation of L.cubeba are similar to those of the male flower bud differentiation,and the female flower bud differentiation is divided into five periods.More and more soluble sugars are accumulated in leaves in the process of the female flower differentiation,and soluble proteins decreases obviously,while the ratio of carbon to nitrogen increases and remains at a relatively high level.
[Objective] To understand and grasp flower bud anatomical characteristics and carbon and nitrogen nutrition of Litsea cubeba in female flower bud differentiation,and provide reference for artificial cultivation and cross breeding of Litsea cubeba.[Method]The histological anatomy of the female flower bud differentiation of L.cubeba was observed by paraffin section method.The carbon and nitrogen nutrition indexes of soluble sugar,starch,soluble protein and carbon nitrogen ratio were determined by physiological kit and spectrophotometry.[Result](1)The differentiation of the female flower bud in L.cubeba followed five stages:undifferentiation,inflorescence primordium differentiation,bract primordium differentiation,flower primordium differentiation and floral organ differentiation.(2)The soluble sugar content of leaves increased with the development of the female flower bud differentiation,and the highest value was 65.07 mg·g~(-1).The starch content of leaves increased at first and then decreased with the development of the female flower bud differentiation,and the highest value appeared in the stage of bract primordium differentiation,which reached 81.30 mg·g~(-1),and the lowest value appeared in floral organ differentiation stage,which was 52.19 mg·g~(-1).(3)The content of soluble protein in leaves decreased continuously from 61.32mg·g~(-1)to 52.48 mg·g~(-1)in the first three stages,and then remained stable.The ratio of carbon to nitrogen in leaves increased continuously from 1.49 to 2.61 in the first three stages,and then remained stable in the high level.[Conclusion]The internal anatomical characteristics of the female flower bud differentiation of L.cubeba are similar to those of the male flower bud differentiation,and the female flower bud differentiation is divided into five periods.More and more soluble sugars are accumulated in leaves in the process of the female flower differentiation,and soluble proteins decreases obviously,while the ratio of carbon to nitrogen increases and remains at a relatively high level.
引文
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[8]曲波,张微,陈旭辉,等.植物花芽分化研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(24):109-114.
[9]许自龙,汪阳东,陈益存,等.山鸡椒雄花花芽发育形态解剖特征观察[J].植物科学学报,2017,35(2):152-163.
[10]马月萍,戴思兰.植物花芽分化机理研究进展[J].分子植物育种,2003,1(4):539-545.
[11]张志良.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990.
[12]莫宁捷.南移牡丹花芽分化及外源GA3对其进程和相关生理指标的影响[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2008.
[13]石万里,姚毓璆.菊花花芽分化初步研究[J].园艺学报,1990,17(4):309-312.
[14]韦三立,陈琰,韩碧文.大丽花的花芽分化研究[J].园艺学报,1995,22(3):272-276.
[15]王亚庆,金文林.小豆花芽分化的研究[J].南京农业大学学报,1995,18(1):15-20.
[16]季作梁,李沛文,梁立峰.荔枝花芽分化的初步观察[J].园艺学报,1984,11(2):134-137.
[17]谢利娟,王定跃,孙敏.毛棉杜鹃花芽分化与叶片某些碳代谢物质变化的关系[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(7):58-61,70.
[18]张艳红,杨东霞,孙学东.杜鹃花花芽分化期可溶性糖和叶绿素含量的变化[J].辽东学院学报:自然科学版,2007,14(2):64-66.
[19]杨义标,邵志芳,邱少松,等.勒杜鹃花芽分化过程中内源激素含量和碳氮营养的变化研究[J].中国农学通报,2008,164(2):281-284.
[20]刘琳琳.中药材菘蓝花芽分化进程中生理代谢特性的研究[D].济南:齐鲁工业大学,2015.
[21]吴月燕,李培民,吴秋峰.葡萄叶片内碳水化合物及蛋白质代谢对花芽分化的影响[J].浙江万里学院学报,2002,15(4):60-63.
[22]吴志祥,王令霞,陶忠良,等. 2个荔枝品种花芽分化期碳氮营养的变化[J].热带作物学报,2006,27(4):25-28.
[23]曾辉,杜丽清,邹明宏,等.澳洲坚果花芽分化期碳水化合物含量的变化动态[J].经济林研究,2013,31(2):65-70.
[24]胡玉玲,姚小华,任华东,等.普通油茶花芽分化过程春梢生理生化变化[J].扬州大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2016,37(2):93-99.
[25]那光宇.什锦丁香花芽分化及其生理基础的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2010.
[26]汪晓谦,张延龙,牛立新,等.郁金香花芽分化过程中鳞茎碳水化合物和蛋白质含量的变化[J].植物生理学报,2011,47(4):379-384.
[27] Zeevaart J A D. Transmission of the floral stimulus from a long short-day plant,Bryophyllum daigremontianum,to the short-longday plant Echeveria harmsii[J]. Ann Bot,1982,49(2):549-552.
[28]Grochowska M J,Hodun M. The dwarfing effect of a single application of growth inhibitors to the root stem connection-the collar tissue of five species of fruit trees[J]. Journal of Horticultural Science&Biotechnology,1997,72(1):83-91.
[29]Bemier G. The control of floral evocation and morphogenesis[J].Ann Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol,1988,39(1):175-219.
[30]Sachs R M. Nutrient diversion:an hypothesis to explain the chemical control of flowering[J]. Hort Sci,1977,12(3):220-222.
[31] Lavee S. Involvement of plant growth regulators and endogenous growth substances in the control of alternate bearing[J]. Acta Horticulture,1989,239(1):311-322.
[32]Clarke A E,Dennis E,Mol J. Forefronts of flowering[J]. Plant Cell,1992,4(8):867-870.
[2]莫开林.山苍子油的深加工及产品利用[J].四川林业科技,2005,26(4):61-65.
[3]方学军.山苍子油的功能及应用[J].湖南林业科技,2007,34(3):82-84.
[4]曹光球,林思祖.福建山苍子资源及其以生物质能源为主的综合利用初探[J].生物质化学工程,2006,40(B12):221-223.
[5]黄光文,卢向阳.我国山苍子油研究概况[J].湖南科技学院学报,2005,26(11):97-100.
[6]薛海军,肖艳辉,何金明.山苍子的特征特性及其利用[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(19):10057-10058.
[7] Chen Y,Wang Y,Han X,et al. Biology and chemistry of Litsea cubeba,a promising industrial tree in China[J]. Journal of Essential Oil Research,2013,25(2):103-111.
[8]曲波,张微,陈旭辉,等.植物花芽分化研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(24):109-114.
[9]许自龙,汪阳东,陈益存,等.山鸡椒雄花花芽发育形态解剖特征观察[J].植物科学学报,2017,35(2):152-163.
[10]马月萍,戴思兰.植物花芽分化机理研究进展[J].分子植物育种,2003,1(4):539-545.
[11]张志良.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990.
[12]莫宁捷.南移牡丹花芽分化及外源GA3对其进程和相关生理指标的影响[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2008.
[13]石万里,姚毓璆.菊花花芽分化初步研究[J].园艺学报,1990,17(4):309-312.
[14]韦三立,陈琰,韩碧文.大丽花的花芽分化研究[J].园艺学报,1995,22(3):272-276.
[15]王亚庆,金文林.小豆花芽分化的研究[J].南京农业大学学报,1995,18(1):15-20.
[16]季作梁,李沛文,梁立峰.荔枝花芽分化的初步观察[J].园艺学报,1984,11(2):134-137.
[17]谢利娟,王定跃,孙敏.毛棉杜鹃花芽分化与叶片某些碳代谢物质变化的关系[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(7):58-61,70.
[18]张艳红,杨东霞,孙学东.杜鹃花花芽分化期可溶性糖和叶绿素含量的变化[J].辽东学院学报:自然科学版,2007,14(2):64-66.
[19]杨义标,邵志芳,邱少松,等.勒杜鹃花芽分化过程中内源激素含量和碳氮营养的变化研究[J].中国农学通报,2008,164(2):281-284.
[20]刘琳琳.中药材菘蓝花芽分化进程中生理代谢特性的研究[D].济南:齐鲁工业大学,2015.
[21]吴月燕,李培民,吴秋峰.葡萄叶片内碳水化合物及蛋白质代谢对花芽分化的影响[J].浙江万里学院学报,2002,15(4):60-63.
[22]吴志祥,王令霞,陶忠良,等. 2个荔枝品种花芽分化期碳氮营养的变化[J].热带作物学报,2006,27(4):25-28.
[23]曾辉,杜丽清,邹明宏,等.澳洲坚果花芽分化期碳水化合物含量的变化动态[J].经济林研究,2013,31(2):65-70.
[24]胡玉玲,姚小华,任华东,等.普通油茶花芽分化过程春梢生理生化变化[J].扬州大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2016,37(2):93-99.
[25]那光宇.什锦丁香花芽分化及其生理基础的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2010.
[26]汪晓谦,张延龙,牛立新,等.郁金香花芽分化过程中鳞茎碳水化合物和蛋白质含量的变化[J].植物生理学报,2011,47(4):379-384.
[27] Zeevaart J A D. Transmission of the floral stimulus from a long short-day plant,Bryophyllum daigremontianum,to the short-longday plant Echeveria harmsii[J]. Ann Bot,1982,49(2):549-552.
[28]Grochowska M J,Hodun M. The dwarfing effect of a single application of growth inhibitors to the root stem connection-the collar tissue of five species of fruit trees[J]. Journal of Horticultural Science&Biotechnology,1997,72(1):83-91.
[29]Bemier G. The control of floral evocation and morphogenesis[J].Ann Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol,1988,39(1):175-219.
[30]Sachs R M. Nutrient diversion:an hypothesis to explain the chemical control of flowering[J]. Hort Sci,1977,12(3):220-222.
[31] Lavee S. Involvement of plant growth regulators and endogenous growth substances in the control of alternate bearing[J]. Acta Horticulture,1989,239(1):311-322.
[32]Clarke A E,Dennis E,Mol J. Forefronts of flowering[J]. Plant Cell,1992,4(8):867-870.