西藏北部不同草地类型土壤碳、氮、磷的变化特征
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摘要
[目的]探讨西藏北部不同草地类型间土壤碳氮磷含量的分布规律和各养分间相互关系,为草地生态保护和评价提供理论依据。[方法]通过S形土壤取样法对西藏北部不同草地类型的土壤样品进行采集,利用试验测定土壤的碳氮磷含量,基于SPSS进行方差分析和相关性分析。[结果]山脊高寒草甸、高寒灌丛草甸和山腰高寒草甸有机碳含量主要受海拔高度的影响,有机碳含量随着海拔高度的增加而增加,随土层深度加大而降低;有机碳与全氮有极显著正相关关系,相关系数为0.968(p<0.01),不同草地类型间全氮含量趋势与有机质趋势相同;除高寒沼泽草甸,其他草地类型的有效氮与全氮分布规律相同,有效氮含量和全氮含量之间存在显著正相关关系,相关系数为0.439(p<0.05)。速效磷受全磷含量影响显著,速效磷与全磷的相关系数为0.442,为极显著正相关关系;全磷含量受放牧影响,但放牧对速效养分的影响更加明显。[结论]西藏北部不同草地类型土壤碳、氮、磷的具有一定的变化规律,草地退化与放牧强度具有一定联系。
[Objective] The distribution of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous in soils under different grassland types and the relationships between different nutrients in Northern Tibet was explored in order to provide a theoretical basis for grassland protection and evaluation. [Methods] Soil samples of different grassland types in Northern Tibet were collected by s-shaped soil sampling method, and the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content of the soil was measured by test. Variance analysis and correlation analysis were conducted based on SPSS. [Results] The organic carbon in ridge alpine meadow, alpine shrub meadow and hillside alpine meadow was mainly affected by elevation. The organic carbon increased with elevation while decreased with soil depth. The organic carbon was significantly correlated with total nitrogen, and the correlation coefficient was 0.968(p<0.01). The total nitrogen and organic matter had the same trend in different grassland types. Except alpine swamp meadow, the distribution pattern of available nitrogen and total nitrogen were the same that in other grassland types. There was a significantly positive correlated between available nitrogen and total nitrogen, and the correlation coefficient was 0.439(p<0.05). Rapidly available phosphorus was significantly positive correlated with total phosphorus, and the correlation coefficient was 0.442. The total phosphorus content was affected by grazing, but the effect of grazing on available nutrients was more obvious. [Conclusion] The carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous of different grassland in Northern Tibet shows a regular change, grassland degradation has a certain correlation with grazing intensity.
[Objective] The distribution of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous in soils under different grassland types and the relationships between different nutrients in Northern Tibet was explored in order to provide a theoretical basis for grassland protection and evaluation. [Methods] Soil samples of different grassland types in Northern Tibet were collected by s-shaped soil sampling method, and the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content of the soil was measured by test. Variance analysis and correlation analysis were conducted based on SPSS. [Results] The organic carbon in ridge alpine meadow, alpine shrub meadow and hillside alpine meadow was mainly affected by elevation. The organic carbon increased with elevation while decreased with soil depth. The organic carbon was significantly correlated with total nitrogen, and the correlation coefficient was 0.968(p<0.01). The total nitrogen and organic matter had the same trend in different grassland types. Except alpine swamp meadow, the distribution pattern of available nitrogen and total nitrogen were the same that in other grassland types. There was a significantly positive correlated between available nitrogen and total nitrogen, and the correlation coefficient was 0.439(p<0.05). Rapidly available phosphorus was significantly positive correlated with total phosphorus, and the correlation coefficient was 0.442. The total phosphorus content was affected by grazing, but the effect of grazing on available nutrients was more obvious. [Conclusion] The carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous of different grassland in Northern Tibet shows a regular change, grassland degradation has a certain correlation with grazing intensity.
引文
[1] 苏大学.西藏自治区草地资源[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.1-5.
[2] 周启龙.西藏藏北地区不同草原类型区土壤理化性质特征研究[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(20):124-125,142.
[3] 傅华,陈亚明,王彦荣,等.阿拉善主要草地类型土壤有机碳特征及其影响因素[J].生态学报,2004,24(3):469-476.
[4] Dormaar J F,Smoliak S,Willms W D.Distribution of nitrogen fractions in grazed and ungrazed fescue grassland Ah horizons.[J].Journal of Range Management,1990,43(1):6-9.
[5] N?sholm T,Ekblad A,Nordin A,et al.Boreal forest plants take up organic nitrogen[J].Nature,1998,392(6679):914-916.
[6] Kurz I,O’Reilly C D,Tunney H.Impact of cattle on soil physical properties and nutrient concentrations in overland flow from pasture in Ireland[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,2006,113(1):378-390.
[7] 李香真,陈佐忠.不同放牧率对草原植物与土壤C、N、P含量的影响[J].草地学报,1998,6(2):90-98.
[8] 顾振宽.青藏高原东缘不同植被类型及放牧管理下土壤养分的分布研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2012.
[9] 艾丽,吴建国,刘建泉,等.土壤有机碳和全氮含量及其与海拔、植被和气候要素的关系:以祁连山中段北坡为研究对象[J].中国园艺文摘,2010,26(3):27-34.
[10] Jackson R B,Schenk H J,Jobbágy E G,et al.Belowground consequences of vegetation change and their treatment in models[J].Ecological Applications,2000,10(2):470-483.
[11] Smith J L,Halvorson J J,Jr H B.Soil properties and microbial activity across a 500 m elevation gradient in a semi-arid environment[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2002,34(11):1749-1757.
[12] 丁咸庆,马慧静,朱晓龙,等.大围山不同海拔森林土壤有机碳垂直分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):258-262.
[13] 李明峰,董云社,耿元波,等.草原土壤的碳氮分布与CO2排放通量的相关性分析[J].环境科学,2004,25(2):7-11.
[14] 刘伟,程积民,高阳,等.黄土高原草地土壤有机碳分布及其影响因素[J].土壤学报,2012,49(1):68-76.
[15] 鲁如坤.土壤—植物营养学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998.45-67.
[16] 傅华,裴世芳,张洪荣.贺兰山西坡不同海拔梯度草地土壤氮特征[J].草业学报,2005,14(6):50-56.
[17] 王淑平,周广胜,吕育财,等.中国东北样带(NECT)土壤碳、氮、磷的梯度分布及其与气候因子的关系[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(5):513-517.
[18] 何贵永,孙浩智,史小明,等.青藏高原高寒湿地不同季节土壤理化性质对放牧模式的响应[J].草业学报,2015,24(4):12-20.
[19] 益西措姆,许岳飞,付娟娟,等.放牧强度对西藏高寒草甸植被群落和土壤理化性质的影响.西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2014,42(6):27-33.
[2] 周启龙.西藏藏北地区不同草原类型区土壤理化性质特征研究[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(20):124-125,142.
[3] 傅华,陈亚明,王彦荣,等.阿拉善主要草地类型土壤有机碳特征及其影响因素[J].生态学报,2004,24(3):469-476.
[4] Dormaar J F,Smoliak S,Willms W D.Distribution of nitrogen fractions in grazed and ungrazed fescue grassland Ah horizons.[J].Journal of Range Management,1990,43(1):6-9.
[5] N?sholm T,Ekblad A,Nordin A,et al.Boreal forest plants take up organic nitrogen[J].Nature,1998,392(6679):914-916.
[6] Kurz I,O’Reilly C D,Tunney H.Impact of cattle on soil physical properties and nutrient concentrations in overland flow from pasture in Ireland[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,2006,113(1):378-390.
[7] 李香真,陈佐忠.不同放牧率对草原植物与土壤C、N、P含量的影响[J].草地学报,1998,6(2):90-98.
[8] 顾振宽.青藏高原东缘不同植被类型及放牧管理下土壤养分的分布研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2012.
[9] 艾丽,吴建国,刘建泉,等.土壤有机碳和全氮含量及其与海拔、植被和气候要素的关系:以祁连山中段北坡为研究对象[J].中国园艺文摘,2010,26(3):27-34.
[10] Jackson R B,Schenk H J,Jobbágy E G,et al.Belowground consequences of vegetation change and their treatment in models[J].Ecological Applications,2000,10(2):470-483.
[11] Smith J L,Halvorson J J,Jr H B.Soil properties and microbial activity across a 500 m elevation gradient in a semi-arid environment[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2002,34(11):1749-1757.
[12] 丁咸庆,马慧静,朱晓龙,等.大围山不同海拔森林土壤有机碳垂直分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):258-262.
[13] 李明峰,董云社,耿元波,等.草原土壤的碳氮分布与CO2排放通量的相关性分析[J].环境科学,2004,25(2):7-11.
[14] 刘伟,程积民,高阳,等.黄土高原草地土壤有机碳分布及其影响因素[J].土壤学报,2012,49(1):68-76.
[15] 鲁如坤.土壤—植物营养学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998.45-67.
[16] 傅华,裴世芳,张洪荣.贺兰山西坡不同海拔梯度草地土壤氮特征[J].草业学报,2005,14(6):50-56.
[17] 王淑平,周广胜,吕育财,等.中国东北样带(NECT)土壤碳、氮、磷的梯度分布及其与气候因子的关系[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(5):513-517.
[18] 何贵永,孙浩智,史小明,等.青藏高原高寒湿地不同季节土壤理化性质对放牧模式的响应[J].草业学报,2015,24(4):12-20.
[19] 益西措姆,许岳飞,付娟娟,等.放牧强度对西藏高寒草甸植被群落和土壤理化性质的影响.西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2014,42(6):27-33.
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