马里亚纳海沟海域深渊潜器作业海况条件分析
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摘要
深海是海洋科学研究和技术发展重点关注的海域,其中又以探索和研究全球最深的海域——马里亚纳海沟挑战者深渊为重要标记和挑战。为保障深渊潜器在该海域的作业安全,本文利用美国海洋大气局(NOAA)发布的WAVEWATCHⅢ后报产品,和基于JasonⅡ卫星的海浪遥感数据产品,统计分析了该海域自2005年2月到2015年7月期间,波浪要素的空间分布和时间变化特征。结果表明,马里亚纳海沟海域多年逐月区域平均有效波高为1.30(6月)~2.53 m(1月),周期为8.0(6月)~9.6 s(12月),逐月最大波高分别为3.03、2.79、2.58、2.19、1.74、1.56、1.68、1.78、1.85、2.22、2.37、2.81 m。海浪的季节差异显著,其中冬季平均波高最大,夏季平均波高最小,春秋两季为过渡期。本文对发生的4 m以上巨浪进行统计,发生频率逐月区域平均值为0.2%~3.5%,冬季发生频率较高,春夏秋三季巨浪频率较低。根据"蛟龙号"及其他相关深渊潜器在四级海况下进行布放和五级海况下回收的设计参数条件要求,在马里亚纳海沟海域,更合适的作业时间为5到10月,在其他月份,需要选择良好的海况条件进行作业。
Deep Sea is the key area of marine science research and technology. The exploreto the Challenge Deep,Mariana Trench,the deepest oceans is the landmark and biggest challenge. In order to ensure the safety in deployment of the underwater vessels in the area,the significant wave featuresarestudied with the WAVEWATCH ⅢHindcast Data from NOAA( National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) and the remotely-sensed waves productfrom Jason II satellite provided by CNES( French government space agency)and other organizations from February 2005 to July 2015 is analyzed. The results show that the regional average SWH is 1. 30( Jun)-2. 53 m( Jan) over the Mariana Trench. Theregional average peak period( Tp) is 8. 0( Jun)-9. 6 s( Dec),The maximum monthly significant wave height are 3. 03 m,2. 79 m,2. 58 m,2. 19 m,1. 74 m,1. 56 m,1. 68 m,1. 78 m,1. 85 m,2. 22 m,2. 37 m,2. 81 m,and the maximum appears in January( 3. 03 m),minimum in June( 1. 57 m). The seasonal variation has a great discrepancy. The maximum average SWH appears in winter,minimum average SWH is in summer. Spring and autumn are transitional period. For the appearance of the Rough waves with 4 m SWH,the frequency is 0. 2% to 3. 5%,which is more in winter and less in the other seasons. Following the required sea states conditionforsafety launch and recovery of "JIAOLONG " and others hadal submersible,May to Oct would be the practicaloperation period and in the rest months,a good sea condition would be much less.
Deep Sea is the key area of marine science research and technology. The exploreto the Challenge Deep,Mariana Trench,the deepest oceans is the landmark and biggest challenge. In order to ensure the safety in deployment of the underwater vessels in the area,the significant wave featuresarestudied with the WAVEWATCH ⅢHindcast Data from NOAA( National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) and the remotely-sensed waves productfrom Jason II satellite provided by CNES( French government space agency)and other organizations from February 2005 to July 2015 is analyzed. The results show that the regional average SWH is 1. 30( Jun)-2. 53 m( Jan) over the Mariana Trench. Theregional average peak period( Tp) is 8. 0( Jun)-9. 6 s( Dec),The maximum monthly significant wave height are 3. 03 m,2. 79 m,2. 58 m,2. 19 m,1. 74 m,1. 56 m,1. 68 m,1. 78 m,1. 85 m,2. 22 m,2. 37 m,2. 81 m,and the maximum appears in January( 3. 03 m),minimum in June( 1. 57 m). The seasonal variation has a great discrepancy. The maximum average SWH appears in winter,minimum average SWH is in summer. Spring and autumn are transitional period. For the appearance of the Rough waves with 4 m SWH,the frequency is 0. 2% to 3. 5%,which is more in winter and less in the other seasons. Following the required sea states conditionforsafety launch and recovery of "JIAOLONG " and others hadal submersible,May to Oct would be the practicaloperation period and in the rest months,a good sea condition would be much less.
引文
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[3]崔维成.我国载人深渊器的发展策略及当前进展[J].江苏科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,29(1):1-9.CUI W C.On the Development Strategy of a Full Ocean Depth Manned Submersible and its Current Progress[J].Journal of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2015,29(1):1-9.
[4]刘峰,崔维成,李向阳.中国首台深海载人潜水器——蛟龙号[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(12):1617-1620.LIU F,CUI W C,LI X Y.China’s First Deep Manned Submersible,JIAOLONG[J].Sci China:Earth Sci,2010,40(12):1617-1620.
[5]NAKANISHI M,HASHIMOTO J.A Precise Bathymetric Map of the World’s Deepest Seafloor,Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench[J].Marine Geophysical Research,2011,32(4):455-463.
[6]WRIGHT D J,BLOOMER S H,MACLEOD C J,et al.Bathymetry of the Tonga Trench and Forearc:a map series[J].Marine Geophysical Research,2000,21(5):489-512.
[7]THOMAS P M.Kurile islands[C]//GILLESPIE,R G,CLAGUE D A.Encyclopedia of islands.Univ of California Press,2009:520-525
[8]KIILERICH A.Bathymetric Features of the Philippine Trench[M]//WOLFF T.Galathea report:scientific results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World 1950-52.Danish Science Press,1959:155-171.
[9]BELIAEV G,BRUEGGEMAN P L.Deep Sea Ocean Trenches and their Fauna[M].Moscow:Nauka Publishing House,1989.
[10]崔维成.“蛟龙”号载人潜水器关键技术研究与自主创新[J].船舶与海洋工程,2012(1):1-8.CUI W C.The Key Technologies Research and Self Innovation of“JIAOLONG”Manned Submersible[J].Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering,2012(1):1-8.
[11]刘大刚,吴彬贵,解以扬,等.海事气象保障服务现状及发展趋势[J].中国航海,2014,37(1):131-135.LIU D,WU B G,XIE Y Y,et al.Present State and Development Trend of Maritime Meteorological Support Service[J].Navigation of China,2014,37(1):131-135.
[12]CHEN H.Ensemble Prediction of Ocean Waves at NCEP[C]//Proc.28th Ocean Engineering Conference,2006.
[13]LAMBIN J,MORROW R,FU L-L,et al.The OSTM/Jason-2 mission[J].Marine Geodesy,2010,33(s1):4-25.
[14]DUMONT J,ROSMORDUC V,PICOT N,et al.OSTM/Jason-2 products handbook[DB/OL].2011http://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Products/documents/J2_handbook_v1-8_no_rev.pdf.
[15]TAYLOR K E.Summarizing Multiple Aspects of Model Performance in a Single Diagram[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2001,106:7183-7192.
[16]孙湘平.中国近海区域海洋[M].北京:海洋出版社,2008:169-190.SUN X P.China Offing Sea[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2008:169-190.
[17]王喜年,包澄澜.海洋灾害及其预报[J].海洋通报,1992(5):90-94.WANG X N,BAO C L.Marine Disasters and Forecast[J].Marine Science Bulletin,1992(5):90-94.
[18]崔维成,刘峰,胡震,等.蛟龙号载人潜水器的5000米级海上试验[J].中国造船,2011,52(3):1-14.CUI W C,LIU F,HU Z,et al.5000m Sea Trials Test of the Deep Manned Submersible“JIAOLONG”[J].Shipbuilding of China,2011,52(3):1-14.