医护人员HIV职业暴露与防护现状调查
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摘要
目的 调查医护人员人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)职业暴露与防护现状,为完善HIV防控措施提供参考依据。方法 采用整群分层抽样法,对北京市和甘肃省2家三级甲等医院324名在职医护人员的HIV职业暴露及防护培训情况进行问卷调查。结果 251例(77.47%)调查对象有明确的HIV职业暴露史,有无HIV职业暴露史人员间对暴露危险性的认知差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。进一步调查发现,医护人员HIV知识平均得分为3.45±1.58,工龄、学历、职称不同,得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);态度平均得分为13.07±2.49,第3类科室高于其他科室(P<0.05)。在标准防护培训方面,196例(29.63%)调查对象参加过培训,是否有过HIV防护相关培训得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);同时发现员工培训、相关防护制度建立均明显影响医护人员知识和态度得分(P<0.05)。结论 医护人员HIV职业暴露风险较高,应加强医护人员职业安全和防护技能培训,建立和完善HIV职业暴露保障制度,切实减少HIV职业暴露的发生。
[Objective]To investigate the current status of occupational exposure and protection of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)among medical staff,provide reference for improving HIV prevention and control measures.[Methods]A cluster stratified sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on HIV occupational exposure and protection training of 324 inservice medical staff in two grade-A tertiary hospitals in Beijing and Gansu Province.[Results]251(77.47%) respondents had a clear history of occupational exposure to HIV,and there was a statistically significant difference in cognition of exposure risk among people with or without HIV occupational exposure(P<0.01). Further investigation found that the average score of HIV knowledge among medical staff was 3.45 ±1.58,and there was statistically significant difference in score among different groups in length of service,education and professional title(P<0.05). The average score of attitude was 13.07±2.49,and the score of the third category department was higher than that of other departments(P<0.05). In terms of standard protection training,196(29.63%)respondents have participated in the training,and there was statistically significant difference in score among people with or without HIV protection-relatedtraining(P<0.01). At the same time,it was found that the training of employees and the establishment of relevant protection systems significantly affected the knowledge and attitude scores of medical staff(P<0.05).[Conclusion]The risk of HIV occupational exposure for medical staff is high. Training on occupational safety and protective skills of medical staff should be strengthened,and the occupational exposure protection system for HIV should be established and improved to effectively reduce the occupational exposure of HIV.
[Objective]To investigate the current status of occupational exposure and protection of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)among medical staff,provide reference for improving HIV prevention and control measures.[Methods]A cluster stratified sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on HIV occupational exposure and protection training of 324 inservice medical staff in two grade-A tertiary hospitals in Beijing and Gansu Province.[Results]251(77.47%) respondents had a clear history of occupational exposure to HIV,and there was a statistically significant difference in cognition of exposure risk among people with or without HIV occupational exposure(P<0.01). Further investigation found that the average score of HIV knowledge among medical staff was 3.45 ±1.58,and there was statistically significant difference in score among different groups in length of service,education and professional title(P<0.05). The average score of attitude was 13.07±2.49,and the score of the third category department was higher than that of other departments(P<0.05). In terms of standard protection training,196(29.63%)respondents have participated in the training,and there was statistically significant difference in score among people with or without HIV protection-relatedtraining(P<0.01). At the same time,it was found that the training of employees and the establishment of relevant protection systems significantly affected the knowledge and attitude scores of medical staff(P<0.05).[Conclusion]The risk of HIV occupational exposure for medical staff is high. Training on occupational safety and protective skills of medical staff should be strengthened,and the occupational exposure protection system for HIV should be established and improved to effectively reduce the occupational exposure of HIV.
引文
[1]谷名琴,杨勤勤,宋夕娟.医护人员艾滋病职业暴露原因及心理状况调查分析[J].传染病信息,2018,31(2):168-170.
[2]VARGHESE GM,ABRAHAM OC,MATHAI D.Post-exposure prophylaxis for blood borne viral infections in healthcare workers[J].Postgrad Med J,2003,79(932):324-328.
[3]王陇德.艾滋病防治工作手册[M].北京:北京出版社,2005:283-291.
[4]徐鹏,韩琳,曾刚,等.医护人员对艾滋病职业暴露相关知识和态度的分析[J].中国医院管理,2014,34(1):66-69.
[5]袁晔,刘梅瑶,朱兴莲,等.凉山彝族自治州医护人员HIV/AIDS职业暴露分析[J].护理研究,2015,29(8):2872-2874.
[6]孙建,徐华,顾安曼,等.中国医务人员职业暴露与防护工作的调查分析[J].中国感染控制杂志,2016,15(9):681-685.
[7]易隽,闵丽华,马静,等.护士艾滋病职业暴露防护知识现状调查[J].预防医学情报杂志,2017,33(4):394-398.
[8]刘菁,陈昕,董晓建.医护人员艾滋病病毒职业暴露相关认知状况及培训需求调查分析[J].中国地方病防治杂志,2015,30(6):552-553.
[9]王静,陈望忠,张永,等.某三甲综合性医院职业暴露人群分布调查[J].职业与健康,2013,29(6):762-764.
[10]张杰,彭玉娇,万绍平,等.急诊科医务人员艾滋病应对能力及培训需求调查分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2017,33(12):1221-1226.
[11]刘雪梅,冯献湘,杨妙英,等.广西首家艾滋病健康教育培训基地在艾滋病综合防治中的应用[J].世界最新医学信息文摘,2018,18(41):197-198.
[12]易隽,闵丽华,马静,等.护士艾滋病职业暴露防护知识现状调查[J].预防医学情报杂志,2017,33(4):394-398.
[13]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.医务人员艾滋病病毒职业暴露防护工作指导原则(试行)[EB/OL].(2008-04-07)[2010-02-18].http://www.moh.gov.cn/mohbgt/pw10405/200804/18623.shtml.
[14]国家卫生计生委办公厅.职业暴露感染艾滋病病毒处理程序规定[EB/OL].(2015-07-08)[2016-09-26].http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/jkj/s3585/201507/902caba665ac4d38ade13856d5b376f4.shtml.
[15]国务院办公厅.中国遏制与防治艾滋病“十三五”行动计划[EB/OL].(2017-02-05)[2017-12-23].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-02/05/content_5165514.htm.
[16]吴锋耀,董文逸,韦彩云,等.艾滋病高发地区传染病医院医护人员职业卫生防护体系建设[J].中国护理管理,2018,18(2):150-153.
[2]VARGHESE GM,ABRAHAM OC,MATHAI D.Post-exposure prophylaxis for blood borne viral infections in healthcare workers[J].Postgrad Med J,2003,79(932):324-328.
[3]王陇德.艾滋病防治工作手册[M].北京:北京出版社,2005:283-291.
[4]徐鹏,韩琳,曾刚,等.医护人员对艾滋病职业暴露相关知识和态度的分析[J].中国医院管理,2014,34(1):66-69.
[5]袁晔,刘梅瑶,朱兴莲,等.凉山彝族自治州医护人员HIV/AIDS职业暴露分析[J].护理研究,2015,29(8):2872-2874.
[6]孙建,徐华,顾安曼,等.中国医务人员职业暴露与防护工作的调查分析[J].中国感染控制杂志,2016,15(9):681-685.
[7]易隽,闵丽华,马静,等.护士艾滋病职业暴露防护知识现状调查[J].预防医学情报杂志,2017,33(4):394-398.
[8]刘菁,陈昕,董晓建.医护人员艾滋病病毒职业暴露相关认知状况及培训需求调查分析[J].中国地方病防治杂志,2015,30(6):552-553.
[9]王静,陈望忠,张永,等.某三甲综合性医院职业暴露人群分布调查[J].职业与健康,2013,29(6):762-764.
[10]张杰,彭玉娇,万绍平,等.急诊科医务人员艾滋病应对能力及培训需求调查分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2017,33(12):1221-1226.
[11]刘雪梅,冯献湘,杨妙英,等.广西首家艾滋病健康教育培训基地在艾滋病综合防治中的应用[J].世界最新医学信息文摘,2018,18(41):197-198.
[12]易隽,闵丽华,马静,等.护士艾滋病职业暴露防护知识现状调查[J].预防医学情报杂志,2017,33(4):394-398.
[13]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.医务人员艾滋病病毒职业暴露防护工作指导原则(试行)[EB/OL].(2008-04-07)[2010-02-18].http://www.moh.gov.cn/mohbgt/pw10405/200804/18623.shtml.
[14]国家卫生计生委办公厅.职业暴露感染艾滋病病毒处理程序规定[EB/OL].(2015-07-08)[2016-09-26].http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/jkj/s3585/201507/902caba665ac4d38ade13856d5b376f4.shtml.
[15]国务院办公厅.中国遏制与防治艾滋病“十三五”行动计划[EB/OL].(2017-02-05)[2017-12-23].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-02/05/content_5165514.htm.
[16]吴锋耀,董文逸,韦彩云,等.艾滋病高发地区传染病医院医护人员职业卫生防护体系建设[J].中国护理管理,2018,18(2):150-153.
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