高压SF_6/N_2混合气体断路器冷态介质恢复特性计算分析
|
摘要
基于N-S方程与拉氏方程对空载SF_6/N_2混合气体断路器灭弧室内的气流场和电场建立数学模型,计算断路器开断过程的气流特性和电场分布,分析混合比对触头间介质强度薄弱区域的气流特性影响。提出SF_6/N_2混合气体的击穿判据,计算不同SF_6/N_2混合比、开断速度及充气压力的介质恢复强度,研究断路器重击穿现象,结合SF_6/N_2混合气体液化温度、全球变暖潜能值,提出适用于断路器空载操作要求的SF_6/N_2配比方案。计算结果表明:在开断过程气流特性的作用下,介质恢复强度曲线呈现随开距增加先上升后下降,再继续升高的趋势。当灭弧室内触头间开距为14mm时,20%SF_6/80%N_2和80%SF_6/20%N_2的介质恢复强度分别是纯SF_6的54.5%和91.5%;对于不同比例的SF_6/N_2混合气体,相同时间内开断速度9.6m/s与4.8m/s相比,介质恢复强度的增长速率明显加快;开距14mm时,60%SF_6/40%N_2在充气压力0.7MPa下的介质恢复强度是0.9MPa下的77.8%。考虑液化和温室效应问题,当灭弧室压力0.7MPa、开断速度9.6m/s时,SF_6/N_2的最佳混合比为60%:40%。
Based on the N-S equation and the Laplace equation, a mathematic model of the airflow field and the electric field was established in the arc extinguish chamber of the no-load SF_6/N_2 mixed gas circuit breaker. The airflow characteristics and electric field distribution were calculated in the breaking process of the circuit breaker and the influence of the mixing ratio on the airflow characteristics in the weak medium region was analyzed. The breakdown criterion of SF_6/N_2 mixed gas was further proposed, and the dielectric recovery strength of different SF_6/N_2 mixing ratios, breaking speeds and inflation pressures were calculated. The phenomenon of repeated breakdown of circuit breaker was studied. Then, considering the liquefaction temperature and GWP of SF_6/N_2 mixed gas, the ratio scheme of SF_6/N_2 for the no-load operation of the circuit breaker was proposed. The results show that with the increase of the opening distance the dielectric recovery strength increases, then decreases, and then continues to increase. When the opening distance between the contact and arc contact is 14 mm, the dielectric recovery strength of 20%SF_6/80%N_2 and 80%SF_6/20%N_2 is 54.5% and 91.5% of pure SF_6 respectively. For different ratios of SF_6/N_2 mixed gas, compared 9.6 m/s to 4.8 m/s in the same time, the growth rate of dielectric recovery strength accelerated significantly. When opening distance is 14 mm, the dielectric recovery strength of 60%SF_6/40%N_2 at 0.7 MPa was 77.8% to 0.9 MPa. Considering liquefaction and greenhouse effect, whenthe pressure of arc chamber is 0.7 MPa and the breaking speed is 9.6 m/s, the optimum mixing ratio of SF_6/N_2 is 60%:40%.
Based on the N-S equation and the Laplace equation, a mathematic model of the airflow field and the electric field was established in the arc extinguish chamber of the no-load SF_6/N_2 mixed gas circuit breaker. The airflow characteristics and electric field distribution were calculated in the breaking process of the circuit breaker and the influence of the mixing ratio on the airflow characteristics in the weak medium region was analyzed. The breakdown criterion of SF_6/N_2 mixed gas was further proposed, and the dielectric recovery strength of different SF_6/N_2 mixing ratios, breaking speeds and inflation pressures were calculated. The phenomenon of repeated breakdown of circuit breaker was studied. Then, considering the liquefaction temperature and GWP of SF_6/N_2 mixed gas, the ratio scheme of SF_6/N_2 for the no-load operation of the circuit breaker was proposed. The results show that with the increase of the opening distance the dielectric recovery strength increases, then decreases, and then continues to increase. When the opening distance between the contact and arc contact is 14 mm, the dielectric recovery strength of 20%SF_6/80%N_2 and 80%SF_6/20%N_2 is 54.5% and 91.5% of pure SF_6 respectively. For different ratios of SF_6/N_2 mixed gas, compared 9.6 m/s to 4.8 m/s in the same time, the growth rate of dielectric recovery strength accelerated significantly. When opening distance is 14 mm, the dielectric recovery strength of 60%SF_6/40%N_2 at 0.7 MPa was 77.8% to 0.9 MPa. Considering liquefaction and greenhouse effect, whenthe pressure of arc chamber is 0.7 MPa and the breaking speed is 9.6 m/s, the optimum mixing ratio of SF_6/N_2 is 60%:40%.
引文
[1]张潮海,韩东,李康,等.SF6替代气体技术及其在GIL中的应用发展[J].高电压技术,2017,43(3):689-698.Zhang Chaohai,Han Dong,Li Kang,et al.SF6 alternative techniques and their application and prospective developments in gas insulated transmission lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(3):689-698(in Chinese).
[2]严璋,朱德恒.高电压绝缘技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002:55-56.Yan Zhang,Zhu Deheng.High voltage insulation technology[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2002:55-56(in Chinese).
[3]汪沨,李敏,李锰,等.基于ETG-通量校正传输法的短间隙SF6/N2混合气体流注放电数值仿真[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(6):234-241.Wang Feng,Li Min,Li Meng,et al.Numerical simulation of short gap streamer discharge in SF6/N2 gas mixtures based euler-taylor-galerkin-flux corrected transport method[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(6):234-241(in Chinese).
[4]李峰,张潇,张周胜.温度变化对SF6/N2混合气体放电特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2017,43(3):736-742.Li Feng,Zhang Xiao,Zhang Zhousheng.Effect of temperature variation on discharge characteristics of SF6/N2 gas mixture[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(3):736-742(in Chinese).
[5]Woo S Y,Jeong D H,Seo K B,et al.A study on dielectric strength and insulation property of SF6/N2 mixtures for GIS[J].Journal of International Council on Electrical Engineering,2012,35:104-109.
[6]单长旺.SF6/N2混合气体绝缘性能及其放电的光谱特性研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2017.Shang Changwang.Research on breakdown characteristics and the spectral characteristics at discharge of SF6/N2 mixtures[D].Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2017(in Chinese).
[7]Uchii T,Yasuoka Y,Endo F,et al.Present status and future prospects of SF6 alternative technologies for a high voltage switchgear[C]//CIGRE.Nagoya,Japan,2015,222.
[8]邓军波,薛建议,张冠军,等.SF6/N2混合气体中沿面放电实验研究的现状和与紧张[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1190-1198.Deng Junbo,Xue Jianyi,Zhang Guanjun,et al.Current status of experimental research on surface discharge in SF6/N2 mixture gas[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(4):1190-1198(in Chinese).
[9]Mantilla J D,Claessens M,Kriegel M.Environmentally friendly perfluoroketones-based mixture as switching medium in high voltage circuit breakers[C]//CI-GRE:IEEE,2016:348.
[10]Pohlin K.Characteristics of fluoronitrile/CO2 mixturealternative to SF6[C]//CIGRE:IEEE,2016:204.
[11]Stoller P,Seeger M,Iordanidis A A,et al.CO2 as an arc interruption medium in gas circuit breakers[J].IEEE Trans.on Plasma Science,2013,41(8):2359-2369.
[12]王连鹏,王尔智,刘海峰,等.SF6断路器空载介质恢复特性数值模拟中的耦合计算方法[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(6):59-64.Wang Lianpeng,Wang Erzhi,Liu Haifeng,et al.Coupling calculation method for numerical simulation of dielectric recovery property of SF6 circuit breaker[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(6):59-64(in Chinese).
[13]王飞鸣,林莘,徐建源.高压SF6断路器非平衡态等离子体电弧的熄弧特性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):19-27.Wang Feiming,Lin Xin,Xu Jianyuan.Extinction characteristics of non-equilibrium plasma arc in highvoltage SF6 circuit breaker[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):19-27(in Chinese).
[14]王亮.SF6断路器开断容性小电流介质恢复特性研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2014.Wang Liang.Research on dielectric recovery characteristic of small capacitive current in SF6 circuit breaker[D].Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2014(in Chinese).
[15]林莘,李鑫涛,王飞鸣,等.触头烧损对SF6断路器介质恢复特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3125-3134.Lin Xin,Li Xintao,Wang Feiming,et al.Dielectric recovery characteristics of SF6 circuit breaker considering contact burning loss[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3125-3134(in Chinese).
[16]Seeger M,Schwinne M,Bini R,et al.Dielectric recovery in a high-voltage circuit breaker in SF6[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2012,45(39):395204.
[17]Rong M,Yang F,Wu Y,et al.Simulation of arc characteristics in miniature circuit breaker[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2010,38(9):2306-2311.
[18]林莘.现代高压电器技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2011:234-248.Lin Xin.The modern high voltage electrical technology[M].Beijing:Mechanical Industry Press,2011:234-248(in Chinese).
[19]赵兴海.高压SF6断路器介质恢复特性的数值计算[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2009.Zhang Xinghai.Numerical calculation of dielectric recovery characteristics in high voltage SF6 circuit breaker[D].Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2009(in Chinese).
[20]李璐维,林莘,徐建源,等.SF6/N2和SF6/CF4混合气体放电参数计算分析[J].高压电器,2016,52(12):60-65.Li Luwei,Lin Xin,Xu Jianyuan,et al.Calculation of the diacharging parameters of SF6/N2 and SF6/CF4 mixtures[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(12):60-65(in Chinese).
[21]李锰.基于FEM-FCT法的SF6/N2混合气体流注电晕的仿真研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2011.Li Meng.2-D streamer corona simulation in SF6/N2 gas mixtures using FEM-FCT method[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2011(in Chinese).
[22]林莘,李鑫涛,徐建源,等.均匀电场下SF6气体击穿电压的数值计算及光谱实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):301-309.Lin Xin,Li Xintao,Xu Jianyuan,et al.Research on numerical computation of SF6 breakdown voltages and spectral experiment in uniform electric fields[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):301-309(in Chinese).
[23]李鑫涛,林莘,徐建源,等.基于FEM-FCT法的均匀电场下SF6气体击穿特性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3046-3053.Li Xintao,Lin Xin,Xu Jianyuan,et al.Breakdown characteristics of SF6 in uniform electric field using FEM-FCT[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3046-3053(in Chinese).
[24]王飞鸣.高压SF6断路器非平衡态电弧机理及开断特性研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2016.Wang Feiming.Research on mechanism of nonequilibrium plasma arc and breaking characteristics in high-voltage SF6 circuit breaker[D].Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2016(in Chinese).
[25]林莘,王飞鸣,刘卫东,等.高压SF6断路器冷态介质恢复特性试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3973-3980.Lin Xin,Wang Feiming,Liu Weidong,et al.Experiment researches on cold state dielectric recovery characteristics in high voltage SF6 circuit breakers[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(14):3973-3980(in Chinese).
[26]林莘,王飞鸣,刘卫东,等.高压SF6断路器关合预击穿特性计算与试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(5):1445-1452.Lin Xin,Wang Feiming,Liu Weidong,et al.Research on calculations and experiments of closing prestrike characteristics in high voltage SF6 circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(5):1445-1452(in Chinese).
[27]林莘,夏亚龙,刘卫东,等.电容器组投切用SF6断路器介质恢复特性数值计算与实验研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(17):161-170.Lin Xin,Xia Yalong,Liu Weidong,et al.The numerical computation and experiment research on dielectric recovery characteristics of SF6 circuit breaker for switching capacitor bank[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(17):161-170(in Chinese).
[28]刘雪丽.SF6替代气体的蒙特卡罗模拟与实验研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2008.Liu Xueli.Monte Carlo simulation and experiment study on the alternative gases of SF6[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2018(in Chinese).
[29]屠幼萍,袁之康,罗兵,等.0.4~0.8MPa气压下二元混合气体SF6/N2和SF6/CO2露点温度计算[J].高电压技术,2015,41(5):1446-1450.Tu Youping,Yuan Zhikang,Luo Bing,et al.Calculation on dew temperatures of binary gas mixtures SF6/N2 and SF6/CO2 under 0.4~0.8Mpa gas pressures[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(5):1446-1450(in Chinese).
[2]严璋,朱德恒.高电压绝缘技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002:55-56.Yan Zhang,Zhu Deheng.High voltage insulation technology[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2002:55-56(in Chinese).
[3]汪沨,李敏,李锰,等.基于ETG-通量校正传输法的短间隙SF6/N2混合气体流注放电数值仿真[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(6):234-241.Wang Feng,Li Min,Li Meng,et al.Numerical simulation of short gap streamer discharge in SF6/N2 gas mixtures based euler-taylor-galerkin-flux corrected transport method[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(6):234-241(in Chinese).
[4]李峰,张潇,张周胜.温度变化对SF6/N2混合气体放电特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2017,43(3):736-742.Li Feng,Zhang Xiao,Zhang Zhousheng.Effect of temperature variation on discharge characteristics of SF6/N2 gas mixture[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(3):736-742(in Chinese).
[5]Woo S Y,Jeong D H,Seo K B,et al.A study on dielectric strength and insulation property of SF6/N2 mixtures for GIS[J].Journal of International Council on Electrical Engineering,2012,35:104-109.
[6]单长旺.SF6/N2混合气体绝缘性能及其放电的光谱特性研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2017.Shang Changwang.Research on breakdown characteristics and the spectral characteristics at discharge of SF6/N2 mixtures[D].Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2017(in Chinese).
[7]Uchii T,Yasuoka Y,Endo F,et al.Present status and future prospects of SF6 alternative technologies for a high voltage switchgear[C]//CIGRE.Nagoya,Japan,2015,222.
[8]邓军波,薛建议,张冠军,等.SF6/N2混合气体中沿面放电实验研究的现状和与紧张[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1190-1198.Deng Junbo,Xue Jianyi,Zhang Guanjun,et al.Current status of experimental research on surface discharge in SF6/N2 mixture gas[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(4):1190-1198(in Chinese).
[9]Mantilla J D,Claessens M,Kriegel M.Environmentally friendly perfluoroketones-based mixture as switching medium in high voltage circuit breakers[C]//CI-GRE:IEEE,2016:348.
[10]Pohlin K.Characteristics of fluoronitrile/CO2 mixturealternative to SF6[C]//CIGRE:IEEE,2016:204.
[11]Stoller P,Seeger M,Iordanidis A A,et al.CO2 as an arc interruption medium in gas circuit breakers[J].IEEE Trans.on Plasma Science,2013,41(8):2359-2369.
[12]王连鹏,王尔智,刘海峰,等.SF6断路器空载介质恢复特性数值模拟中的耦合计算方法[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(6):59-64.Wang Lianpeng,Wang Erzhi,Liu Haifeng,et al.Coupling calculation method for numerical simulation of dielectric recovery property of SF6 circuit breaker[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(6):59-64(in Chinese).
[13]王飞鸣,林莘,徐建源.高压SF6断路器非平衡态等离子体电弧的熄弧特性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):19-27.Wang Feiming,Lin Xin,Xu Jianyuan.Extinction characteristics of non-equilibrium plasma arc in highvoltage SF6 circuit breaker[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):19-27(in Chinese).
[14]王亮.SF6断路器开断容性小电流介质恢复特性研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2014.Wang Liang.Research on dielectric recovery characteristic of small capacitive current in SF6 circuit breaker[D].Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2014(in Chinese).
[15]林莘,李鑫涛,王飞鸣,等.触头烧损对SF6断路器介质恢复特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3125-3134.Lin Xin,Li Xintao,Wang Feiming,et al.Dielectric recovery characteristics of SF6 circuit breaker considering contact burning loss[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3125-3134(in Chinese).
[16]Seeger M,Schwinne M,Bini R,et al.Dielectric recovery in a high-voltage circuit breaker in SF6[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2012,45(39):395204.
[17]Rong M,Yang F,Wu Y,et al.Simulation of arc characteristics in miniature circuit breaker[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2010,38(9):2306-2311.
[18]林莘.现代高压电器技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2011:234-248.Lin Xin.The modern high voltage electrical technology[M].Beijing:Mechanical Industry Press,2011:234-248(in Chinese).
[19]赵兴海.高压SF6断路器介质恢复特性的数值计算[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2009.Zhang Xinghai.Numerical calculation of dielectric recovery characteristics in high voltage SF6 circuit breaker[D].Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2009(in Chinese).
[20]李璐维,林莘,徐建源,等.SF6/N2和SF6/CF4混合气体放电参数计算分析[J].高压电器,2016,52(12):60-65.Li Luwei,Lin Xin,Xu Jianyuan,et al.Calculation of the diacharging parameters of SF6/N2 and SF6/CF4 mixtures[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(12):60-65(in Chinese).
[21]李锰.基于FEM-FCT法的SF6/N2混合气体流注电晕的仿真研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2011.Li Meng.2-D streamer corona simulation in SF6/N2 gas mixtures using FEM-FCT method[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2011(in Chinese).
[22]林莘,李鑫涛,徐建源,等.均匀电场下SF6气体击穿电压的数值计算及光谱实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):301-309.Lin Xin,Li Xintao,Xu Jianyuan,et al.Research on numerical computation of SF6 breakdown voltages and spectral experiment in uniform electric fields[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):301-309(in Chinese).
[23]李鑫涛,林莘,徐建源,等.基于FEM-FCT法的均匀电场下SF6气体击穿特性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3046-3053.Li Xintao,Lin Xin,Xu Jianyuan,et al.Breakdown characteristics of SF6 in uniform electric field using FEM-FCT[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3046-3053(in Chinese).
[24]王飞鸣.高压SF6断路器非平衡态电弧机理及开断特性研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2016.Wang Feiming.Research on mechanism of nonequilibrium plasma arc and breaking characteristics in high-voltage SF6 circuit breaker[D].Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2016(in Chinese).
[25]林莘,王飞鸣,刘卫东,等.高压SF6断路器冷态介质恢复特性试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3973-3980.Lin Xin,Wang Feiming,Liu Weidong,et al.Experiment researches on cold state dielectric recovery characteristics in high voltage SF6 circuit breakers[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(14):3973-3980(in Chinese).
[26]林莘,王飞鸣,刘卫东,等.高压SF6断路器关合预击穿特性计算与试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(5):1445-1452.Lin Xin,Wang Feiming,Liu Weidong,et al.Research on calculations and experiments of closing prestrike characteristics in high voltage SF6 circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(5):1445-1452(in Chinese).
[27]林莘,夏亚龙,刘卫东,等.电容器组投切用SF6断路器介质恢复特性数值计算与实验研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(17):161-170.Lin Xin,Xia Yalong,Liu Weidong,et al.The numerical computation and experiment research on dielectric recovery characteristics of SF6 circuit breaker for switching capacitor bank[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(17):161-170(in Chinese).
[28]刘雪丽.SF6替代气体的蒙特卡罗模拟与实验研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2008.Liu Xueli.Monte Carlo simulation and experiment study on the alternative gases of SF6[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2018(in Chinese).
[29]屠幼萍,袁之康,罗兵,等.0.4~0.8MPa气压下二元混合气体SF6/N2和SF6/CO2露点温度计算[J].高电压技术,2015,41(5):1446-1450.Tu Youping,Yuan Zhikang,Luo Bing,et al.Calculation on dew temperatures of binary gas mixtures SF6/N2 and SF6/CO2 under 0.4~0.8Mpa gas pressures[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(5):1446-1450(in Chinese).