无翅型和有翅型麦长管蚜卵巢发育与繁殖适合度的差异
|
摘要
【目的】明确不同翅型麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae (Fabricius)的卵巢发育和繁殖潜能,为蚜虫翅型分化多态性发生的繁殖适合度差异研究提供理论依据。【方法】在成像观察的基础上,比较小麦田麦长管蚜孤雌胎生无翅蚜和有翅蚜个体的卵巢小管数、胚胎数量、最大胚胎体积以及繁殖和寿命差异,分析不同翅型的总产仔量与其卵巢发育的关系。【结果】所有来自小麦田的不同翅型麦长管蚜成蚜均有2个卵巢,每个卵巢均包含5条卵巢小管;无翅型个体的胚胎总量和成熟胚胎数量以及最大胚胎体积分别为56.10±1.02,7.77±0.25和(0.092±0.002)mm3,显著大于有翅型个体(44.80±0.52,3.33±0.26和(0.047±0.002)mm3)。无翅型麦长管蚜的总产仔量是44.63±1.10,显著多于有翅型(26.07±1.01),而无翅型产仔前期为(0.15±0.06)d,显著短于有翅型((1.27±0.10)d)。成蚜寿命和产仔期在不同翅型之间均无显著差异。【结论】麦长管蚜翅型分化多态性发生的繁殖适合度可能与其卵巢发育程度相关。
【Objective】Ovarian development and reproduction potential were determined between winged and wingless morphs of Sitobion avenae(Fabricius)to provide basis for future reproductive fitness differences of wing polyphenism in aphids.【Method】The numbers of ovarioles and embryos,volume of basal embryos,fecundity,and longevity were evaluated between both morphs of S.avenae under wheat field conditions,based on the comparison of morphological characteristics of ovary in wing dimorphic aphid.【Result】Both wingless and winged aphids had two ovaries per female and an ovary had five ovarioles.The number of total,number of mature embryos,and average volume of basal embryos in ovarioles for the wingless morphs were 56.10±1.02,7.77±0.25,and(0.092±0.002)mm3,which were significant highly than those for the winged morphs(44.80±0.52,3.33±0.26,and(0.047±0.002)mm3).The total fecundity of wingless morphs(44.63±1.10)was significantly greater than that of wingless morphs(26.07±1.01),while pre-reproductive period((0.15±0.06)d)was significantly shorter than that of wingless morphs((1.27±0.10)d).However,no significant differences were observed in longevity and reproductive period between two morphs.【Conclusion】The fitness differences of reproduction of wing polyphenism might be related to the degree of ovarian development in S.avenae.
【Objective】Ovarian development and reproduction potential were determined between winged and wingless morphs of Sitobion avenae(Fabricius)to provide basis for future reproductive fitness differences of wing polyphenism in aphids.【Method】The numbers of ovarioles and embryos,volume of basal embryos,fecundity,and longevity were evaluated between both morphs of S.avenae under wheat field conditions,based on the comparison of morphological characteristics of ovary in wing dimorphic aphid.【Result】Both wingless and winged aphids had two ovaries per female and an ovary had five ovarioles.The number of total,number of mature embryos,and average volume of basal embryos in ovarioles for the wingless morphs were 56.10±1.02,7.77±0.25,and(0.092±0.002)mm3,which were significant highly than those for the winged morphs(44.80±0.52,3.33±0.26,and(0.047±0.002)mm3).The total fecundity of wingless morphs(44.63±1.10)was significantly greater than that of wingless morphs(26.07±1.01),while pre-reproductive period((0.15±0.06)d)was significantly shorter than that of wingless morphs((1.27±0.10)d).However,no significant differences were observed in longevity and reproductive period between two morphs.【Conclusion】The fitness differences of reproduction of wing polyphenism might be related to the degree of ovarian development in S.avenae.
引文
[1]Leimar O.Environmental and genetic cues in the evolution of phenotypic polymorphism[J].Evolution Ecology,2009,23(1):125-135.
[2]Roff D A.The evolution of wing dimorphism in insects[J].E-volution,1986,40(5):1009-1020.
[3]戴华国,吴小毅,杨亦桦.昆虫翅多型现象的控制机理[J].华东昆虫学报,1997,6(1):99-103.Dai H G,Wu X Y,Yang Y H.Regulatory mechanism of wing polymorphism in insects[J].Entomological Journal of East China,1997,6(1):99-103.
[4]Zera A J,Denno R E.Physiology and ecology of dispersal polymorphism in insects[J].Annual Review of Entomology,1997,42:207-231.
[5]Müller C B,Iain S,Hardie J.The role of nutrition,crowding and interspecific interactions in the development of winged aphids[J].Ecological Entomology,2001,26(3):330-340.
[6]Braendle C,Davis G K,Brisson J A,et al.Wing dimorphism in aphids[J].Heredity,2006,97:192-199.
[7]Dixon A F G.Fecundity of brachypterous and macropterous alatae in Drepanosiphum dixoni(Callaphididae,Aphididae)[J].Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,1972,15(3):335-340.
[8]MacKay P A,Wellington W G.A comparison of the reproductive patterns of apterous and alate virginoparous Acyrthosiphon pisum(Homoptera:Aphididae)[J].Canadian Entomology,1975,107(11):1161-1166.
[9]Wratten S D.Reproductive strategy of winged and wingless morphs of the aphids Sitobion avenae and Metopolophium dirhodum[J].Annals of Applied Biology,1977,85(3):319-331.
[10]Xu X L,Liu X X,Zhang Q W,et al.Morph-specific differences in life history traits between the winged and wingless morphs of the aphid,Sitobion avenae(Fabricius)(Hemiptera:Aphididae)[J].Entomologia Fennica,2011,22(2):56-64.
[11]Leather S R,Wellings P W,Walters K F A.Variation in ovariole number within the Aphidoidea[J].Journal of Natural History,1988,22(2):381-393.
[12]Elliott H J,McDonald F J D.Reproduction in a parthenogenetic aphid,Aphis craccivora Koch:embryology,ovarian development and fecundity of apterae and alatae[J].Australian Journal of Zoology,1976,24(1):49-63.
[13]Newton C,Dixon A F G.Embryonic growth rate and birth weight of the offspring of apterous and alate aphids:a cost of dispersal[J].Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,1990,55(3):223-229.
[14]张向才,周广和,史明,等.麦蚜远距离迁飞和传毒规律的研究[J].植物保护学报,1985,12(1):9-16.Zhang X C,Zhou G H,Shi M,et al.Studies on the long-distance migration and virus transmission by the aphid Sitobion avenae(F.)[J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,1985,12(1):9-16.
[15]Liu X F,Hu X S,Keller M A,et al.Tripartite interactions of Barley yellow dwarf virus,Sitobion avenae and wheat varieties[J].PLoS One,2014,9:e106639.
[16]Ward S A,Dixon A F G.Selective resorption of aphid embryos and habitat changes relative to life-span[J].Journal of Animal Ecology,1982,51(3):859-864.
[17]Walters K F A,Dixon A F G.Migratory urge and reproductive investment in aphids:variation within clones[J].Oecologia,1983,58(1):70-75.
[18]Zera A J,Harshman L G.Physiology of life history trade-offs in animals[J].Annual Review of Ecological and Systematics,2001,32:95-126.
[19]Zhang Y,Wu K M,Kris A G W,et al.Trade-offs between flight and fecundity in the soybean aphid(Hemiptera:Aphididae)[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2009,102(1):133-138.
[20]Roff D A.The cost of being able to fly:a study of wing polymorphism in two species of cricket[J].Oecologia,1984,63(1):169-177.
[21]Zera A J.Differences in survivorship,development rate and fertility between the long-winged and wingless morphs of the waterstrider[J].Evolution,1984,38(5):1023-1032.
[22]Denno R F,Olmstead K L,McCloud E S.Reproductive cost of flight capability:a comparison of life history traits in wing dimorphic planthoppers[J].Ecological Entomology,1989,14(1):31-44.
[23]朱道弘.小翅稻蝗(Oxyayezoensis Shiraki)翅多型现象浅释[J].生态学报,2001,21(4):624-628.Zhu D H.The wing polymorphism in rice grasshopper,Oxya yezoensis Shiraki(Orthopera:Catantopidae)[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2001,21(4):624-628.
[24]Kobayashi M,Ishikawa H.Breakdown of indirect flight muscles of alate aphids(Acyrthosiphon pisum)in relation to their flight,feeding and reproductive behavior[J].Journal of Insect Physiology,1993,39(7):549-554.
[25]Xu X L,Liu X X,Zhang Q W,et al.Morph-specific differences in biochemical composition related to flight capability in the wing-polyphenic Sitobion avenae[J].Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,2011,138(2):128-136.
[26]朱道弘.昆虫翅型分化的调控及翅多型性的进化[J].昆虫知识,2009,46(1):11-16.Zhu D H.Regulatory mechanism and evolution of insect wing polymorphism[J].Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,2009,46(1):11-16.
[2]Roff D A.The evolution of wing dimorphism in insects[J].E-volution,1986,40(5):1009-1020.
[3]戴华国,吴小毅,杨亦桦.昆虫翅多型现象的控制机理[J].华东昆虫学报,1997,6(1):99-103.Dai H G,Wu X Y,Yang Y H.Regulatory mechanism of wing polymorphism in insects[J].Entomological Journal of East China,1997,6(1):99-103.
[4]Zera A J,Denno R E.Physiology and ecology of dispersal polymorphism in insects[J].Annual Review of Entomology,1997,42:207-231.
[5]Müller C B,Iain S,Hardie J.The role of nutrition,crowding and interspecific interactions in the development of winged aphids[J].Ecological Entomology,2001,26(3):330-340.
[6]Braendle C,Davis G K,Brisson J A,et al.Wing dimorphism in aphids[J].Heredity,2006,97:192-199.
[7]Dixon A F G.Fecundity of brachypterous and macropterous alatae in Drepanosiphum dixoni(Callaphididae,Aphididae)[J].Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,1972,15(3):335-340.
[8]MacKay P A,Wellington W G.A comparison of the reproductive patterns of apterous and alate virginoparous Acyrthosiphon pisum(Homoptera:Aphididae)[J].Canadian Entomology,1975,107(11):1161-1166.
[9]Wratten S D.Reproductive strategy of winged and wingless morphs of the aphids Sitobion avenae and Metopolophium dirhodum[J].Annals of Applied Biology,1977,85(3):319-331.
[10]Xu X L,Liu X X,Zhang Q W,et al.Morph-specific differences in life history traits between the winged and wingless morphs of the aphid,Sitobion avenae(Fabricius)(Hemiptera:Aphididae)[J].Entomologia Fennica,2011,22(2):56-64.
[11]Leather S R,Wellings P W,Walters K F A.Variation in ovariole number within the Aphidoidea[J].Journal of Natural History,1988,22(2):381-393.
[12]Elliott H J,McDonald F J D.Reproduction in a parthenogenetic aphid,Aphis craccivora Koch:embryology,ovarian development and fecundity of apterae and alatae[J].Australian Journal of Zoology,1976,24(1):49-63.
[13]Newton C,Dixon A F G.Embryonic growth rate and birth weight of the offspring of apterous and alate aphids:a cost of dispersal[J].Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,1990,55(3):223-229.
[14]张向才,周广和,史明,等.麦蚜远距离迁飞和传毒规律的研究[J].植物保护学报,1985,12(1):9-16.Zhang X C,Zhou G H,Shi M,et al.Studies on the long-distance migration and virus transmission by the aphid Sitobion avenae(F.)[J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,1985,12(1):9-16.
[15]Liu X F,Hu X S,Keller M A,et al.Tripartite interactions of Barley yellow dwarf virus,Sitobion avenae and wheat varieties[J].PLoS One,2014,9:e106639.
[16]Ward S A,Dixon A F G.Selective resorption of aphid embryos and habitat changes relative to life-span[J].Journal of Animal Ecology,1982,51(3):859-864.
[17]Walters K F A,Dixon A F G.Migratory urge and reproductive investment in aphids:variation within clones[J].Oecologia,1983,58(1):70-75.
[18]Zera A J,Harshman L G.Physiology of life history trade-offs in animals[J].Annual Review of Ecological and Systematics,2001,32:95-126.
[19]Zhang Y,Wu K M,Kris A G W,et al.Trade-offs between flight and fecundity in the soybean aphid(Hemiptera:Aphididae)[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2009,102(1):133-138.
[20]Roff D A.The cost of being able to fly:a study of wing polymorphism in two species of cricket[J].Oecologia,1984,63(1):169-177.
[21]Zera A J.Differences in survivorship,development rate and fertility between the long-winged and wingless morphs of the waterstrider[J].Evolution,1984,38(5):1023-1032.
[22]Denno R F,Olmstead K L,McCloud E S.Reproductive cost of flight capability:a comparison of life history traits in wing dimorphic planthoppers[J].Ecological Entomology,1989,14(1):31-44.
[23]朱道弘.小翅稻蝗(Oxyayezoensis Shiraki)翅多型现象浅释[J].生态学报,2001,21(4):624-628.Zhu D H.The wing polymorphism in rice grasshopper,Oxya yezoensis Shiraki(Orthopera:Catantopidae)[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2001,21(4):624-628.
[24]Kobayashi M,Ishikawa H.Breakdown of indirect flight muscles of alate aphids(Acyrthosiphon pisum)in relation to their flight,feeding and reproductive behavior[J].Journal of Insect Physiology,1993,39(7):549-554.
[25]Xu X L,Liu X X,Zhang Q W,et al.Morph-specific differences in biochemical composition related to flight capability in the wing-polyphenic Sitobion avenae[J].Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,2011,138(2):128-136.
[26]朱道弘.昆虫翅型分化的调控及翅多型性的进化[J].昆虫知识,2009,46(1):11-16.Zhu D H.Regulatory mechanism and evolution of insect wing polymorphism[J].Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,2009,46(1):11-16.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |