亲子、同伴、师生关系与青少年主观幸福感关系的研究
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摘要
为探讨青少年亲子关系、同伴关系、师生关系和其主观幸福感之间的关系,本研究构建了一个有调节的中介模型。采用青少年主观幸福感量表、亲子沟通问卷、同伴关系量表、师生关系量表对475名来自湖南、甘肃地区的初高中生进行测查。结果显示:(1)亲子、同伴、师生关系均能正向预测主观幸福感;(2)同伴关系在亲子关系和主观幸福感的关系间起部分中介作用;(3)亲子关系对主观幸福感的直接作用路径受到了师生关系的调节;(4)师生关系调节了亲子关系通过同伴关系影响主观幸福感的中介过程的前半路经。可见,师生关系在亲子关系预测青少年主观幸福感的过程中具备重要的调节功能,未来青少年主观幸福感的提升可聚焦于促进良好师生关系的建立以及发挥亲子、同伴、师生关系的联合作用。
The present study constructed a moderated mediation model to explore the relationship between parentchild relationship,peer relationship,teacher-student relationship and adolescents' subjective well-being. We used questionnaires to investigate 475 junior and senior high school students from Hunan and Gansu province. The results indicated that:( 1) Parent-child relationship,peer relationship and teacher-student relationship can predict subjective well-being positively;( 2) Peer relationship played a partial mediating role between parent-child relationship and subjective well-being;( 3) The direct path of parent-child relationship's effect on subjective well-being is moderated by teacher-student relationship;( 4) Teacher-student relationship moderated the first half path of the mediation model. Obviously,teacher-student relationship is an important moderator. Adolescents' subjective wellbeing could be improved via the establishment of good teacher-student relationship and the joint relationships of parent-child,peer,and teacher-student.
The present study constructed a moderated mediation model to explore the relationship between parentchild relationship,peer relationship,teacher-student relationship and adolescents' subjective well-being. We used questionnaires to investigate 475 junior and senior high school students from Hunan and Gansu province. The results indicated that:( 1) Parent-child relationship,peer relationship and teacher-student relationship can predict subjective well-being positively;( 2) Peer relationship played a partial mediating role between parent-child relationship and subjective well-being;( 3) The direct path of parent-child relationship's effect on subjective well-being is moderated by teacher-student relationship;( 4) Teacher-student relationship moderated the first half path of the mediation model. Obviously,teacher-student relationship is an important moderator. Adolescents' subjective wellbeing could be improved via the establishment of good teacher-student relationship and the joint relationships of parent-child,peer,and teacher-student.
引文
Allen,J.P.,Hauser,S.T.,&Bormanspurrell,E.(1996).Attachment theory as a framework for understanding sequelae of severe adolescent psychopathology:An 11-year follow-up study.J Consult Clin Psychol,64(2),254-263.
Antaramian,S.P.,Huebner,E.S.,Hills,K.J.,&Valois,R.F.(2010).A dual-factor model of mental health:toward a more comprehensive understanding of youth functioning.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry,80(4),462-472.
Baek,Y.M.,Bae,Y.,&Jang,H.(2013).Social and parasocial relationships on social network sites and their differential relationships with users’psychological well-being.Cyberpsychology,Behavior,and Social Networking,16(7),512-517.
Barnes,H.L.,&Olson,D.H.(1985).Parent-adolescent communication and the circumplex model.Child development,438-447.
Bea,J.Y.,Doh,H.S.,Rhee,S.H.,&Shin,J.H.(2015).The effects of maternal parenting behavior,relationships with friends,and relationships with teachers on the subjective well-being of children in late childhood.Korean Journal of Child Studies,36(6),59-83.
Bogaerts,S.,Vanheule,S.,&Desmet,M.(2006).Feelings of subjective emotional loneliness:An exploration of attachment.Social Behavior&Personality.An International Journal,34(7),797-812.
Boldt,L.J.,Kochanska,G.,Yoon J.E.,&Nordling J.K.(2014).Children’s attachment to both parents from toddler age to middle childhood:Links to adaptive and maladaptiveoutcomes.Attachment&Human Development,16,211-229.
Bowlby,J.(1982).Attachment and loss:Retrospect and prospect.A-merican Journal of Orthopsychiatry,52(4),664-678.
Buote,V.M.,Wood,E.,&Pratt,M.(2009).Exploring similarities and differences between online and offline friendships:The role of attachment style.Computers in Human Behavior,25(2),560-567.
Buyse,E.,Verschueren,K.,&Doumen,S.(2011).Preschoolers’attachment to mother and risk for adjustment problems in kindergarten:Can teachers make a difference.Social Development,20(1),33-50.
Cohen,P.,West,S.G.,&Aiken,L.S.(2014).Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences.Psychology Press.
Dearing,E.,&Hamilton,L.C.(2010).Best practices in quantitative methods for developmentalists:Contemporary advances and classic advice for analyzing mediating and moderating variables.Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development,71(3),88-104.
De Goede,I.H.,Branje,S.J.,&Meeus,W.H.(2009).Developmental changes in adolescents’perceptions of relationships with their parents.Journal of Youth and Adolescence,38(1),75-88.
De Haan,A.K.,Elbers,E.,&Leseman,P.P.(2014).Teacherand child-managed academic activities in preschool and kindergarten and their influence on children’s gains in emergent academic skills.Journal of Research in Childhood Education,28(1),43-58.
De Jong,R.J.,Van Tartwijk,J.,Verloop,N.,Veldman,I.,&Wubbels,T.(2012).Teachers’expectations of teacher-student interaction:Complementary and distinctive expectancy patterns.Teaching and Teacher Education,28(7),948-956.
Diener,E.(2000).Subjective well-being:The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index.American Psychologist,55(1),34-43.
Dishion,T.J.,&Mcmahon,R.J.(1998).Parental monitoring and the prevention of child and adolescent problem behavior:A conceptual and empirical formulation.Clinical Child&Family Psychology Review,1(1),61-75.
Dixson,M.D.(1995).Children’s relationships models:The central role of communication and the parent-child relationship.Parents,children and communication:Frontiers of theory and research.Hillsdale,NJ.:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,Inc.
Furman,W.,&Buhrmester,D.(1992).Age and sex differences in perceptions of networks of personal relationships.Child Development,63(1),103-115.
Goossens,F.A.,&Ijzendoorn,M.H.V.(1990).Quality of infants’attachments to professional caregivers:Relation to infant-parent attachment and day-care characteristics.Child Development,61(3),832-837.
Hasida,B.Z.(2003).Happy adolescents:the link between subjective well-being,internal resources,and parental factors.Journal of Youth&Adolescence,32(2),67-79.
Hayes,A.F.(2013).Introduction to mediation,moderation,and conditional process analysis:a regression-based approach.Journal of Educational Measurement,51(3),335-337.
Howes,C.,Hamilton,C.E.,&Matheson,C.C.(1994).Children’s relationships with peers:differential associations with aspects of the teacher-child relationship.Child Development,65(1),253.
Jackson,S.,Bijstra,J.,Oostra,L.,&Bosma,H.(1998).Adolescents’perceptions of communication with parents relative to specific aspects of relationships with parents and personal development.Journal of Adolescence,21(3),305-322.
Kim,S.(2010).A study on the Juveniles’online game flow and addiction:in the focus on influence of self-control.Hanyang Univ.Ph.D.thesis.
Koesten,J.,Schrodt,P.,&Ford,D.J.(2009).Cognitive flexibility as a mediator of family communication environments and young adults’well-being.Health Communication,24(1),82-94.
Kwan,V.S.,Bond,M.H.,&Singelis,T.M.(1997).Pancultural explanations for life satisfaction:Adding relationship harmony to selfesteem.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,73(5),1038.
Laursen,B.,&Collins,W.A.(2009).Parent-Child Relationships During Adolescence.John Wiley&Sons,Inc.
Lerner,R.M.(2001).Concepts and theories of human development.London:Psychology Press.
Luthar,S.S.,Cicchetti,D.,&Becker,B.(2000).The construct of resilience:a critical evaluation and guidelines for future work.Child Development,71(3),543-562.
Marsh,H.W.,&O’Neill,R.(1984).Self description questionnaire III:The construct validity of multidimensional self-concept ratings by late adolescents.Journal of Educational Measurement,21(2),153-174.
Mikulincer,M.,&Shaver,P.R.(2007).Boosting attachment security to promote mental health,prosocial values,and inter-group tolerance.Psychological Inquiry,18(3),139-156.
Nickerson,A.B.,&Nagle,R.J.(2004).The influence of parent and peer attachments on life satisfaction in middle childhood and early adolescence.Social Indicators Research,66(1-2),35-60.
Padhy,M.,Rana,S.,&Mishra,M.(2011).Self esteem and subjective well-being:Correlates of academic achievement of students.The International Journal Research Publication's,1(7),148-156.
Palomar-Lever,J.,&Victorio-Estrada,A.(2014).Determinants of subjective well-being in adolescent children of recipients of the oportunidades,human development program in mexico.Social Indicators Research,118(1),103-124.
Parke,R.D.,&Ladd,G.W.(Eds.).(2016).Family-peer relationships:Modes of linkage.Routledge.
Ryan,R.M.,&Deci,E.L.(2000).Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation,social development,and wellbeing.Am Psychol,55(1),68-78.
Ryan,R.M.,Stiller,J.D.,&Lynch,J.H.(1994).Representations of relationships to teachers,parents,and friends as predictors of academic motivation and self-esteem.Journal of Early Adolescence,14(2),226-249.
Sabol,T.J.,&Pianta,R.C.(2012).Recent trends in research on teacher-child relationships.Attachment&Human Development,14(3),213-231.
Sakiz,G.,Pape,S.J.,&Hoy,A.W.(2012).Does perceived teacher affective support matter for middle school students in mathematics classrooms?Journal of School Psychology,50(2),235-255.
Sawka,K.D.,Mccurdy,B.L.,&Mannella,M.C.(2002).Strengthening emotional support services:an empirically based model for training teachers of students with behavior disorders.Journal of E-motional&Behavioral Disorders,10(4),223-232.
Sias,P.M.,&Bartoo,H.(2007).Friendship,Social Support,and Health.Low-Cost Approaches to Promote Physical and Mental Health.Springer New York,455-472.
Tomé,G.,de Matos,M.G.,Camacho,I.,Simes,C.,&Diniz,J.A.(2014).Friendships Quality and Classmates Support:How to influence the well-being of adolescents.Higher Education of Social Science,7(2),149-160.
Vandell,K.,&Dempsey,S.B.(1991).Stalled agenda:gender equity and the training of educators.Classroom Techniques,7.
Yao,B.,Han,W.,Zeng,L.,&Guo,X.(2013).Freshman year mental health symptoms and level of adaptation as predictors of Internet addiction:A retrospective nested case-control study of male Chinese college students.Psychiatry research,210(2),541-547.
鲍振宙,张卫,李董平,李丹黎,王艳辉.(2013).校园氛围与青少年学业成就的关系:一个有调节的中介模型.心理发展与教育,29(1),61-70.
柴唤友,孙晓军,牛更枫,崔曦曦,连帅磊.(2016).亲子关系、友谊质量对主观幸福感的影响:间接效应模型及性别差异.中国临床心理学杂志,24(3),531-534.
陈国鹏,朱晓岚,叶澜澜,唐永明.(1997).自我描述问卷上海常模的修订报告.心理科学,(6),499-503.
褚昕宇.(2006).不同动机气氛对初中学生体育学习兴趣和师生关系的影响实验研究(博士学位论文).华东师范大学,上海.
邓林园,马博辉,武永新.(2015).初中生依恋与主观幸福感:自尊的中介作用.心理发展与教育,31(2),230-238.
丁俊扬,王美萍.(2015).青少年期亲子依恋与抑郁:友谊质量的中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志,23(2),289-291.
方晓义,戴丽琼,房超,邓林园.(2006).亲子沟通问题与青少年社会适应的关系.心理发展与教育,22(3),47-52.
郭明佳,刘儒德,甄瑞,牟晓红,庄鸿娟.(2017).中学生亲子依恋对主观幸福感的影响:师生关系及自尊的链式中介作用.心理与行为研究,15(3),351-358.
何灿,魏华.(2015).儿童主观幸福感和同伴关系的相关性.中国健康心理学杂志,23(9),1384-1387.
黄彦,谢晓琳,周晖.(2016).亲子依恋与儿童问题行为的相关:师生关系的调节作用.中国临床心理学杂志,(6),1074-1078.
雷雳,王争艳,刘红云,张雷.(2002).初中生的亲子沟通及其与家庭环境系统和社会适应关系的研究.应用心理学,8(1),14-20.
李文道,邹泓,赵霞.(2003).初中生的社会支持与学校适应的关系.心理发展与教育,19(3),73-81.
刘洋.(2009).初中生师生关系与主观幸福感的关系研究.社会心理科学,4,43-45.
孙岩,刘沙,杨丽珠.(2016).父母教养方式、同伴接纳和教师期望对小学生人格的影响.心理科学,(2),343-349.
温忠麟,叶宝娟.(2014).有调节的中介模型检验方法:竞争还是替补.心理学报,46(5),714-726.
徐夫真,张文新,张玲玲.(2009).家庭功能对青少年疏离感的影响:有调节的中介效应.心理学报,41(12),1165-1174.
张兴贵.(2003).青少年学生人格与主观幸福感的关系(博士学位论文).华南师范大学,广州.
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Antaramian,S.P.,Huebner,E.S.,Hills,K.J.,&Valois,R.F.(2010).A dual-factor model of mental health:toward a more comprehensive understanding of youth functioning.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry,80(4),462-472.
Baek,Y.M.,Bae,Y.,&Jang,H.(2013).Social and parasocial relationships on social network sites and their differential relationships with users’psychological well-being.Cyberpsychology,Behavior,and Social Networking,16(7),512-517.
Barnes,H.L.,&Olson,D.H.(1985).Parent-adolescent communication and the circumplex model.Child development,438-447.
Bea,J.Y.,Doh,H.S.,Rhee,S.H.,&Shin,J.H.(2015).The effects of maternal parenting behavior,relationships with friends,and relationships with teachers on the subjective well-being of children in late childhood.Korean Journal of Child Studies,36(6),59-83.
Bogaerts,S.,Vanheule,S.,&Desmet,M.(2006).Feelings of subjective emotional loneliness:An exploration of attachment.Social Behavior&Personality.An International Journal,34(7),797-812.
Boldt,L.J.,Kochanska,G.,Yoon J.E.,&Nordling J.K.(2014).Children’s attachment to both parents from toddler age to middle childhood:Links to adaptive and maladaptiveoutcomes.Attachment&Human Development,16,211-229.
Bowlby,J.(1982).Attachment and loss:Retrospect and prospect.A-merican Journal of Orthopsychiatry,52(4),664-678.
Buote,V.M.,Wood,E.,&Pratt,M.(2009).Exploring similarities and differences between online and offline friendships:The role of attachment style.Computers in Human Behavior,25(2),560-567.
Buyse,E.,Verschueren,K.,&Doumen,S.(2011).Preschoolers’attachment to mother and risk for adjustment problems in kindergarten:Can teachers make a difference.Social Development,20(1),33-50.
Cohen,P.,West,S.G.,&Aiken,L.S.(2014).Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences.Psychology Press.
Dearing,E.,&Hamilton,L.C.(2010).Best practices in quantitative methods for developmentalists:Contemporary advances and classic advice for analyzing mediating and moderating variables.Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development,71(3),88-104.
De Goede,I.H.,Branje,S.J.,&Meeus,W.H.(2009).Developmental changes in adolescents’perceptions of relationships with their parents.Journal of Youth and Adolescence,38(1),75-88.
De Haan,A.K.,Elbers,E.,&Leseman,P.P.(2014).Teacherand child-managed academic activities in preschool and kindergarten and their influence on children’s gains in emergent academic skills.Journal of Research in Childhood Education,28(1),43-58.
De Jong,R.J.,Van Tartwijk,J.,Verloop,N.,Veldman,I.,&Wubbels,T.(2012).Teachers’expectations of teacher-student interaction:Complementary and distinctive expectancy patterns.Teaching and Teacher Education,28(7),948-956.
Diener,E.(2000).Subjective well-being:The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index.American Psychologist,55(1),34-43.
Dishion,T.J.,&Mcmahon,R.J.(1998).Parental monitoring and the prevention of child and adolescent problem behavior:A conceptual and empirical formulation.Clinical Child&Family Psychology Review,1(1),61-75.
Dixson,M.D.(1995).Children’s relationships models:The central role of communication and the parent-child relationship.Parents,children and communication:Frontiers of theory and research.Hillsdale,NJ.:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,Inc.
Furman,W.,&Buhrmester,D.(1992).Age and sex differences in perceptions of networks of personal relationships.Child Development,63(1),103-115.
Goossens,F.A.,&Ijzendoorn,M.H.V.(1990).Quality of infants’attachments to professional caregivers:Relation to infant-parent attachment and day-care characteristics.Child Development,61(3),832-837.
Hasida,B.Z.(2003).Happy adolescents:the link between subjective well-being,internal resources,and parental factors.Journal of Youth&Adolescence,32(2),67-79.
Hayes,A.F.(2013).Introduction to mediation,moderation,and conditional process analysis:a regression-based approach.Journal of Educational Measurement,51(3),335-337.
Howes,C.,Hamilton,C.E.,&Matheson,C.C.(1994).Children’s relationships with peers:differential associations with aspects of the teacher-child relationship.Child Development,65(1),253.
Jackson,S.,Bijstra,J.,Oostra,L.,&Bosma,H.(1998).Adolescents’perceptions of communication with parents relative to specific aspects of relationships with parents and personal development.Journal of Adolescence,21(3),305-322.
Kim,S.(2010).A study on the Juveniles’online game flow and addiction:in the focus on influence of self-control.Hanyang Univ.Ph.D.thesis.
Koesten,J.,Schrodt,P.,&Ford,D.J.(2009).Cognitive flexibility as a mediator of family communication environments and young adults’well-being.Health Communication,24(1),82-94.
Kwan,V.S.,Bond,M.H.,&Singelis,T.M.(1997).Pancultural explanations for life satisfaction:Adding relationship harmony to selfesteem.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,73(5),1038.
Laursen,B.,&Collins,W.A.(2009).Parent-Child Relationships During Adolescence.John Wiley&Sons,Inc.
Lerner,R.M.(2001).Concepts and theories of human development.London:Psychology Press.
Luthar,S.S.,Cicchetti,D.,&Becker,B.(2000).The construct of resilience:a critical evaluation and guidelines for future work.Child Development,71(3),543-562.
Marsh,H.W.,&O’Neill,R.(1984).Self description questionnaire III:The construct validity of multidimensional self-concept ratings by late adolescents.Journal of Educational Measurement,21(2),153-174.
Mikulincer,M.,&Shaver,P.R.(2007).Boosting attachment security to promote mental health,prosocial values,and inter-group tolerance.Psychological Inquiry,18(3),139-156.
Nickerson,A.B.,&Nagle,R.J.(2004).The influence of parent and peer attachments on life satisfaction in middle childhood and early adolescence.Social Indicators Research,66(1-2),35-60.
Padhy,M.,Rana,S.,&Mishra,M.(2011).Self esteem and subjective well-being:Correlates of academic achievement of students.The International Journal Research Publication's,1(7),148-156.
Palomar-Lever,J.,&Victorio-Estrada,A.(2014).Determinants of subjective well-being in adolescent children of recipients of the oportunidades,human development program in mexico.Social Indicators Research,118(1),103-124.
Parke,R.D.,&Ladd,G.W.(Eds.).(2016).Family-peer relationships:Modes of linkage.Routledge.
Ryan,R.M.,&Deci,E.L.(2000).Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation,social development,and wellbeing.Am Psychol,55(1),68-78.
Ryan,R.M.,Stiller,J.D.,&Lynch,J.H.(1994).Representations of relationships to teachers,parents,and friends as predictors of academic motivation and self-esteem.Journal of Early Adolescence,14(2),226-249.
Sabol,T.J.,&Pianta,R.C.(2012).Recent trends in research on teacher-child relationships.Attachment&Human Development,14(3),213-231.
Sakiz,G.,Pape,S.J.,&Hoy,A.W.(2012).Does perceived teacher affective support matter for middle school students in mathematics classrooms?Journal of School Psychology,50(2),235-255.
Sawka,K.D.,Mccurdy,B.L.,&Mannella,M.C.(2002).Strengthening emotional support services:an empirically based model for training teachers of students with behavior disorders.Journal of E-motional&Behavioral Disorders,10(4),223-232.
Sias,P.M.,&Bartoo,H.(2007).Friendship,Social Support,and Health.Low-Cost Approaches to Promote Physical and Mental Health.Springer New York,455-472.
Tomé,G.,de Matos,M.G.,Camacho,I.,Simes,C.,&Diniz,J.A.(2014).Friendships Quality and Classmates Support:How to influence the well-being of adolescents.Higher Education of Social Science,7(2),149-160.
Vandell,K.,&Dempsey,S.B.(1991).Stalled agenda:gender equity and the training of educators.Classroom Techniques,7.
Yao,B.,Han,W.,Zeng,L.,&Guo,X.(2013).Freshman year mental health symptoms and level of adaptation as predictors of Internet addiction:A retrospective nested case-control study of male Chinese college students.Psychiatry research,210(2),541-547.
鲍振宙,张卫,李董平,李丹黎,王艳辉.(2013).校园氛围与青少年学业成就的关系:一个有调节的中介模型.心理发展与教育,29(1),61-70.
柴唤友,孙晓军,牛更枫,崔曦曦,连帅磊.(2016).亲子关系、友谊质量对主观幸福感的影响:间接效应模型及性别差异.中国临床心理学杂志,24(3),531-534.
陈国鹏,朱晓岚,叶澜澜,唐永明.(1997).自我描述问卷上海常模的修订报告.心理科学,(6),499-503.
褚昕宇.(2006).不同动机气氛对初中学生体育学习兴趣和师生关系的影响实验研究(博士学位论文).华东师范大学,上海.
邓林园,马博辉,武永新.(2015).初中生依恋与主观幸福感:自尊的中介作用.心理发展与教育,31(2),230-238.
丁俊扬,王美萍.(2015).青少年期亲子依恋与抑郁:友谊质量的中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志,23(2),289-291.
方晓义,戴丽琼,房超,邓林园.(2006).亲子沟通问题与青少年社会适应的关系.心理发展与教育,22(3),47-52.
郭明佳,刘儒德,甄瑞,牟晓红,庄鸿娟.(2017).中学生亲子依恋对主观幸福感的影响:师生关系及自尊的链式中介作用.心理与行为研究,15(3),351-358.
何灿,魏华.(2015).儿童主观幸福感和同伴关系的相关性.中国健康心理学杂志,23(9),1384-1387.
黄彦,谢晓琳,周晖.(2016).亲子依恋与儿童问题行为的相关:师生关系的调节作用.中国临床心理学杂志,(6),1074-1078.
雷雳,王争艳,刘红云,张雷.(2002).初中生的亲子沟通及其与家庭环境系统和社会适应关系的研究.应用心理学,8(1),14-20.
李文道,邹泓,赵霞.(2003).初中生的社会支持与学校适应的关系.心理发展与教育,19(3),73-81.
刘洋.(2009).初中生师生关系与主观幸福感的关系研究.社会心理科学,4,43-45.
孙岩,刘沙,杨丽珠.(2016).父母教养方式、同伴接纳和教师期望对小学生人格的影响.心理科学,(2),343-349.
温忠麟,叶宝娟.(2014).有调节的中介模型检验方法:竞争还是替补.心理学报,46(5),714-726.
徐夫真,张文新,张玲玲.(2009).家庭功能对青少年疏离感的影响:有调节的中介效应.心理学报,41(12),1165-1174.
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