氯化胆碱对小麦幼苗耐低温能力的生理调控效应
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摘要
为了解外源氯化胆碱(CC)对小麦幼苗耐低温能力的生理调控作用,选用小麦品种开麦21(低温敏感型)和周麦27(耐低温型)为试验材料,利用人工模拟低温条件,研究了叶面喷施CC对盆栽小麦幼苗形态指标和部分生理指标的影响。结果表明,喷施CC显著缓解低温造成小麦幼苗萎蔫的程度,显著降低叶片相对电导率和超氧阴离子(O_2~)产生速率及丙二醛(MDA)含量,显著增强了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,并增加了脯氨酸(Pro)含量。与开麦21相比,在低温处理下周麦27叶片的O_2~产生速率相对较慢,膜损伤程度相对较轻,同时Pro含量和CAT活性增幅相对较高。综上所述,外源喷施CC能够显著缓解低温对小麦幼苗造成的损伤,从而增强小麦的抗低温能力。
In this study,we used Kaimai 21(sensitive to low temperature)and Zhoumai 27(tolerant to low temperature)as the materials to investigate the effects of exogenous spraying choline chloride on growth of wheat seedlings under low temperature.Under artificial simulated low temperature conditions,we detected the morphological and physiological index changes of potted wheat seedlings with or without spraying choline chloride.The results showed that exogenous spraying choline chloride significantly alleviated the wilting of wheat seedlings,strikingly reduced relative electrical conductivity,the generation rate of O_2~and the content of MDA,while choline chloride dramatically enhanced the activity of SOD,POD,CAT and the content of proline.Compared with Kaimai 21,O_2~generation in leaves of Zhoumai 27 under low temperature was relatively slower,with a lower degree of membrane damage,and proline content and CAT activity were relatively higher.Taken together,our results showed choline chloride can significantly alleviate the damage of low temperature to wheat seedlings,and thus enhanced the resistance ability of wheat seedling to low temperature.
In this study,we used Kaimai 21(sensitive to low temperature)and Zhoumai 27(tolerant to low temperature)as the materials to investigate the effects of exogenous spraying choline chloride on growth of wheat seedlings under low temperature.Under artificial simulated low temperature conditions,we detected the morphological and physiological index changes of potted wheat seedlings with or without spraying choline chloride.The results showed that exogenous spraying choline chloride significantly alleviated the wilting of wheat seedlings,strikingly reduced relative electrical conductivity,the generation rate of O_2~and the content of MDA,while choline chloride dramatically enhanced the activity of SOD,POD,CAT and the content of proline.Compared with Kaimai 21,O_2~generation in leaves of Zhoumai 27 under low temperature was relatively slower,with a lower degree of membrane damage,and proline content and CAT activity were relatively higher.Taken together,our results showed choline chloride can significantly alleviate the damage of low temperature to wheat seedlings,and thus enhanced the resistance ability of wheat seedling to low temperature.
引文
[1]赵黎明,李明,郑殿峰,等.冷害后植物生理变化及外源物质调控研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(12):218.ZHAO L M,LI M,ZHENG D F,et al.Research progress of physiological changes and regulation of exogenous substance of chilling injury on plant[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(12):218.
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[3]毛桂莲,许兴,米海莉,等.NaCl胁迫下枸杞愈伤组织活性氧产生与质膜H+-ATPase活性的关系[J].干旱地区农业研究,2003,21(3):112.MAO G L,XU X,MI H L,et al.Relationship between active oxygen production and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity in calli of Lyceum barbarum under salt stress[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2003,21(3):112.
[4]YAMAMOTO Y,KOBAYASHI Y,MATSUMOTO H.Lipid peroxidation is an early symptom triggered by aluminum,but not the primary cause of elongation inhibition in pea roots[J].Plant Physiology,2001,125:203.
[5]张文静,刘亮,黄正来,等.低温胁迫对稻茬小麦根系抗氧化酶活性及内源激素含量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(4):502.ZHANG W J,LIU L,HAUNG Z L,et al.Effect of low temperature on antioxidative enzymes activity and endogenous hormone content in wheat root of rice-wheat rotation[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2016,36(4):502.
[6]陈龙,吴诗光,李淑梅,等.低温胁迫下冬小麦拔节期生化反应及抗性分析[J].华北农学报,2001,16(4):45.CHEN L,WU S G,LI S M,et al.Biochemical reaction and resistance analysis of jointing stage of winter wheat under low temperature stress[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2001,16(4):45.
[7]李春燕,陈思思,徐雯,等.苗期低温胁迫对扬麦16叶片抗氧化酶和渗透调节物质的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(12):2297.LI C Y,CHEN S S,XU W,et al.Effect of low temperature at seedling stage on antioxidation enzymes and cytoplasmic osmoticum of leaves in wheat cultivar Yangmai 16[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2011,37(12):2297.
[8]KHEDR A H A,ABBAS M A,WAHID A A A,et al.Proline induces the expression of salt-stress-responsive proteins and may improve the adaptation of Pancratium maritimum L.to salt-stress[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2003,54(392):2553.
[9]李春喜,王言景,邵云,等.化学调控剂不同施用方式对小麦抗冻性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(2):384.LI C X,WANG Y J,SHAO Y,et al.Effects of chemical-control reagents application on physuological and morphological indexes to cold tolerance of wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2010,30(2):384.
[10]CHE F S,CHO C,HYEON S B,et al.Metabolism of choline chloride and its analogs in wheat seedlings[J].Plant and Cell Physiology,1990,31(1):45.
[11]陈楚,张云芳,荆小燕.氯化胆碱浸种处理对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发以及幼苗生长的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(5):1030.CHEN C,ZHANG Y F,JING X Y.Effects of seed soaking with choline chloride solution on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat under salt stress[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2013,33(5):1030.
[12]季玉龙,刘世名,陈靠山,等.氯化胆碱对小麦幼苗叶片在渗透胁迫下的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2002,20(1):57.JI Y L,LIU S M,CHEN K S,et al.Effect of choline chloride on seedling leaves of wheat under osmotic stress[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2002,20(1):57.
[13]ZHAO H J,TAN J F,QI C M,Photosynthesis of Rehmannia glutinosasubjected to drought stress is enhanced by choline chloride through alleviating lipid peroxidation and increasing proline accumulation[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2007,51:255.
[14]马菁平,朱昌华,夏凯,等.卵磷脂和氯化胆碱对玉米幼苗生长及抗冷性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2008(5):27.MA J P,ZHU C H,XIA K,et al.Effects of lecithin and choline chloride on growth and cold resistance of maize seedlings[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2008(5):27.
[15]梁煜周,何若天.氯化胆碱对低温胁迫下稻苗的保护作用[J].中国水稻科学,1999,13(1):34.LIANG H Z,HE R T.Protective effect of choline chloride on rice under chilling stress at seedling stage[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,1999,13(1):34.
[16]孙苗苗,王志强,高翔,等.河南主推小麦品种对低温胁迫的生理响应及耐寒性分析[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(3):318.SUN M M,WANG Z Q,GAO X,et al.Cold tolerance evaluation of wheat varieties in Henan based on their physiological response to low temperature stress[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2016,36(3):318.
[17]高俊风.植物生理学实验技术[M].西安:世界图书出版社,2006:140-144,210-217.GAO J F.Physiological experimental technology[M].Xian:World Publishing House,2006:140-144,210-217.
[18]张志良.植物生理实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990:259-261.ZHANG Z L.Handbook of plant physiology experiment[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1990:259-261.
[19]王爱国,罗广华.植物的超氧物自由基与羟胺反应的定量关系[J].植物生理学通讯,1990(6):57.WANG A G,LUO G H.Quantitative relation between the reaction of hydroxylamine and superoxide anion radicals in plants[J].Plant Physiology Communications,1990(6):57.
[20]YIN G,SUN H,XIN X,et al.Mitochondrial damage in the soybean seed axis during imbibition at chilling temperatures[J].Plant and Cell Physiology,2009,50(7):1313.
[21]胡海军,王志斌,陈凤玉,等.玉米冷害生理机制研究进展[J].玉米科学,2009,17(2):149.HU H J,WANG Z B,CHEN F Y,et al.Progress in reseachon cold damage physiological mechanism of maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2009,17(2):149.
[22]盛瑞艳,李鹏民,薛国希,等.氯化胆碱对低温弱光下黄瓜幼苗叶片细胞膜和光合机构的保护作用[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2006,32(1):87.SHENG R Y,LI P M,XUE G X,et al.Choline chloride protects cell membrane and the photosynthetic apparatus in cucumber seedling leaves at low temperature and weak light[J].Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology,2006,32(1):87.
[23]DAT J,VANDEMABEELE S,VRANOVA E,et al.Dual action of the active oxygen species during plant stress responses[J].Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,2000,57(5):786.
[24]赵天宏,孙加伟,付宇.逆境胁迫下植物活性氧代谢及外源调控机理的研究进展[J].作物杂志,2008(3):11.ZHAO T H,SUN J W,FU Y.Advances of research on m etabolism of plant reactive oxygen species and exogenous regulation under abiotic stresses[J].Crops,2008(3):11.
[25]周峰,张边江,华春,等.氯化胆碱对低盐处理下菠菜光合生理和抗氧化酶的效应[J].华北农学报,2012,27(1):164.ZHOU F,ZHANG B J,HUA C,et al.Effect of choline chloride on photosynthetic physiology and antioxidant enzyme activity of spinach under low NaCl treatment[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2012,27(1):164.
[26]王茂良.植物抗渗透胁迫及其与脯氨酸的关系[J].北京园林,2006,22(2):24.WANG M L.Plant resistance to osmotic stress and its relationship with proline[J].Beijing Botanical Garden,2006,22(2):24.
[27]祁春苗,张秀月,赵会杰.氯化胆碱对受旱地黄叶片渗透调节物质与光合的影响[J].河南农业科学,2007(1):86.QI C M,ZHANG X Y,ZHAO H J.Effects of choline chloride on osmolytes and photosynthesis of Rehmannia glutinosa under drought stress[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2007(1):86.
[2]POTTERS G,HOREMANS N,JANSEN M A K.The cellular redox state in plant stress biology—a charging concept[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2010,48(5):292.
[3]毛桂莲,许兴,米海莉,等.NaCl胁迫下枸杞愈伤组织活性氧产生与质膜H+-ATPase活性的关系[J].干旱地区农业研究,2003,21(3):112.MAO G L,XU X,MI H L,et al.Relationship between active oxygen production and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity in calli of Lyceum barbarum under salt stress[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2003,21(3):112.
[4]YAMAMOTO Y,KOBAYASHI Y,MATSUMOTO H.Lipid peroxidation is an early symptom triggered by aluminum,but not the primary cause of elongation inhibition in pea roots[J].Plant Physiology,2001,125:203.
[5]张文静,刘亮,黄正来,等.低温胁迫对稻茬小麦根系抗氧化酶活性及内源激素含量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(4):502.ZHANG W J,LIU L,HAUNG Z L,et al.Effect of low temperature on antioxidative enzymes activity and endogenous hormone content in wheat root of rice-wheat rotation[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2016,36(4):502.
[6]陈龙,吴诗光,李淑梅,等.低温胁迫下冬小麦拔节期生化反应及抗性分析[J].华北农学报,2001,16(4):45.CHEN L,WU S G,LI S M,et al.Biochemical reaction and resistance analysis of jointing stage of winter wheat under low temperature stress[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2001,16(4):45.
[7]李春燕,陈思思,徐雯,等.苗期低温胁迫对扬麦16叶片抗氧化酶和渗透调节物质的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(12):2297.LI C Y,CHEN S S,XU W,et al.Effect of low temperature at seedling stage on antioxidation enzymes and cytoplasmic osmoticum of leaves in wheat cultivar Yangmai 16[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2011,37(12):2297.
[8]KHEDR A H A,ABBAS M A,WAHID A A A,et al.Proline induces the expression of salt-stress-responsive proteins and may improve the adaptation of Pancratium maritimum L.to salt-stress[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2003,54(392):2553.
[9]李春喜,王言景,邵云,等.化学调控剂不同施用方式对小麦抗冻性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(2):384.LI C X,WANG Y J,SHAO Y,et al.Effects of chemical-control reagents application on physuological and morphological indexes to cold tolerance of wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2010,30(2):384.
[10]CHE F S,CHO C,HYEON S B,et al.Metabolism of choline chloride and its analogs in wheat seedlings[J].Plant and Cell Physiology,1990,31(1):45.
[11]陈楚,张云芳,荆小燕.氯化胆碱浸种处理对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发以及幼苗生长的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(5):1030.CHEN C,ZHANG Y F,JING X Y.Effects of seed soaking with choline chloride solution on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat under salt stress[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2013,33(5):1030.
[12]季玉龙,刘世名,陈靠山,等.氯化胆碱对小麦幼苗叶片在渗透胁迫下的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2002,20(1):57.JI Y L,LIU S M,CHEN K S,et al.Effect of choline chloride on seedling leaves of wheat under osmotic stress[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2002,20(1):57.
[13]ZHAO H J,TAN J F,QI C M,Photosynthesis of Rehmannia glutinosasubjected to drought stress is enhanced by choline chloride through alleviating lipid peroxidation and increasing proline accumulation[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2007,51:255.
[14]马菁平,朱昌华,夏凯,等.卵磷脂和氯化胆碱对玉米幼苗生长及抗冷性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2008(5):27.MA J P,ZHU C H,XIA K,et al.Effects of lecithin and choline chloride on growth and cold resistance of maize seedlings[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2008(5):27.
[15]梁煜周,何若天.氯化胆碱对低温胁迫下稻苗的保护作用[J].中国水稻科学,1999,13(1):34.LIANG H Z,HE R T.Protective effect of choline chloride on rice under chilling stress at seedling stage[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,1999,13(1):34.
[16]孙苗苗,王志强,高翔,等.河南主推小麦品种对低温胁迫的生理响应及耐寒性分析[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(3):318.SUN M M,WANG Z Q,GAO X,et al.Cold tolerance evaluation of wheat varieties in Henan based on their physiological response to low temperature stress[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2016,36(3):318.
[17]高俊风.植物生理学实验技术[M].西安:世界图书出版社,2006:140-144,210-217.GAO J F.Physiological experimental technology[M].Xian:World Publishing House,2006:140-144,210-217.
[18]张志良.植物生理实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990:259-261.ZHANG Z L.Handbook of plant physiology experiment[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1990:259-261.
[19]王爱国,罗广华.植物的超氧物自由基与羟胺反应的定量关系[J].植物生理学通讯,1990(6):57.WANG A G,LUO G H.Quantitative relation between the reaction of hydroxylamine and superoxide anion radicals in plants[J].Plant Physiology Communications,1990(6):57.
[20]YIN G,SUN H,XIN X,et al.Mitochondrial damage in the soybean seed axis during imbibition at chilling temperatures[J].Plant and Cell Physiology,2009,50(7):1313.
[21]胡海军,王志斌,陈凤玉,等.玉米冷害生理机制研究进展[J].玉米科学,2009,17(2):149.HU H J,WANG Z B,CHEN F Y,et al.Progress in reseachon cold damage physiological mechanism of maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2009,17(2):149.
[22]盛瑞艳,李鹏民,薛国希,等.氯化胆碱对低温弱光下黄瓜幼苗叶片细胞膜和光合机构的保护作用[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2006,32(1):87.SHENG R Y,LI P M,XUE G X,et al.Choline chloride protects cell membrane and the photosynthetic apparatus in cucumber seedling leaves at low temperature and weak light[J].Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology,2006,32(1):87.
[23]DAT J,VANDEMABEELE S,VRANOVA E,et al.Dual action of the active oxygen species during plant stress responses[J].Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,2000,57(5):786.
[24]赵天宏,孙加伟,付宇.逆境胁迫下植物活性氧代谢及外源调控机理的研究进展[J].作物杂志,2008(3):11.ZHAO T H,SUN J W,FU Y.Advances of research on m etabolism of plant reactive oxygen species and exogenous regulation under abiotic stresses[J].Crops,2008(3):11.
[25]周峰,张边江,华春,等.氯化胆碱对低盐处理下菠菜光合生理和抗氧化酶的效应[J].华北农学报,2012,27(1):164.ZHOU F,ZHANG B J,HUA C,et al.Effect of choline chloride on photosynthetic physiology and antioxidant enzyme activity of spinach under low NaCl treatment[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2012,27(1):164.
[26]王茂良.植物抗渗透胁迫及其与脯氨酸的关系[J].北京园林,2006,22(2):24.WANG M L.Plant resistance to osmotic stress and its relationship with proline[J].Beijing Botanical Garden,2006,22(2):24.
[27]祁春苗,张秀月,赵会杰.氯化胆碱对受旱地黄叶片渗透调节物质与光合的影响[J].河南农业科学,2007(1):86.QI C M,ZHANG X Y,ZHAO H J.Effects of choline chloride on osmolytes and photosynthesis of Rehmannia glutinosa under drought stress[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2007(1):86.