干旱胁迫对不同年代小麦品种种子萌发特征的影响
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摘要
以小麦品种百农3217、郑麦9023、周麦18、矮抗58、百农207为材料,采用20%PEG 6000营养液培养模拟干旱处理,研究了干旱胁迫对小麦种子萌发、幼苗生长、贮藏物质转运以及生理指标的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫下,与萌发12 d的小麦种子相比,小麦叶片叶绿素含量、籽粒质量随着培养天数增加而下降;根长度、根数量、幼苗和根系生物量随着水培天数延长而增加,轻度干旱能够促进根的伸长,随着干旱胁迫的增加,小麦根系数量和根系长度受到抑制。干旱胁迫抑制了小麦品种的发芽率、发芽势,从20世纪80年代审定的百农3217到2013年审定的百农207,小麦品种间发芽势、发芽率表现为由高到低再升高的趋势;干旱胁迫对周麦18、矮抗58发芽势、发芽率影响较大;百农207在干旱胁迫下一直保持较高的叶绿素含量及根冠比;百农3217的籽粒利用效率较高。综合各项指标来看,20世纪80、90年代的品种抗旱性高于现代品种。
In this study,Bainong 3217,Zhengmai 9023,Zhoumai 18,Aikang 58,and Bainong 207 were used to analyze the effect of drought stress on seed germination,seedling growth,storage matter transportation and physiological indicators at seedling stage by PEG 6000 treatment. The results showed that,the leaf chlorophyll content and grain weight of winter wheat decreased with hydroponic days increasing. Root length,root number,seedling and root biomass increased as the number of days of hydroponics increased under drought stress. Mild drought could promote the elongation of roots. The root number and root length of wheat were inhibited with the increase of drought stress. Drought stress inhibited the germination rate and germination potential of five wheat varieties. The trend of germination potential and germination rate was high-low-high from Bainong 3217 in the 1980 s to Bainong 207 in 2013. Drought stress severely affected the germination potential and germination rate of Zhoumai 18 and Aikang 58. The chlorophyll content and root shoot ratio of Bainong 207 kept high levels under drought stress. Bainong 3217 had high utilization rate of grain. The drought resistance of wheat varieties in the 1980 s and 1990 s is higher than modern varieties.
In this study,Bainong 3217,Zhengmai 9023,Zhoumai 18,Aikang 58,and Bainong 207 were used to analyze the effect of drought stress on seed germination,seedling growth,storage matter transportation and physiological indicators at seedling stage by PEG 6000 treatment. The results showed that,the leaf chlorophyll content and grain weight of winter wheat decreased with hydroponic days increasing. Root length,root number,seedling and root biomass increased as the number of days of hydroponics increased under drought stress. Mild drought could promote the elongation of roots. The root number and root length of wheat were inhibited with the increase of drought stress. Drought stress inhibited the germination rate and germination potential of five wheat varieties. The trend of germination potential and germination rate was high-low-high from Bainong 3217 in the 1980 s to Bainong 207 in 2013. Drought stress severely affected the germination potential and germination rate of Zhoumai 18 and Aikang 58. The chlorophyll content and root shoot ratio of Bainong 207 kept high levels under drought stress. Bainong 3217 had high utilization rate of grain. The drought resistance of wheat varieties in the 1980 s and 1990 s is higher than modern varieties.
引文
[1]郭瑞盼,辛泽毓,王志强,等.干旱胁迫对小麦非结构性碳水化合物代谢的影响及其与抗旱性的关系[J].华北农学报,2015,30(2):202-211.
[2]左文博,吴静利,杨奇,等.干旱胁迫对小麦根系活力和可溶性糖含量的影响[J].华北农学报,2010,25(6):191-193.
[3]Wang X,Vinocur B,Altman A.Plant responses to drought,salinity and extreme temperatures:Towards genetic engineering for stress tolerance[J].Planta,2003,218(1):1-14.
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[5]Okcu G,Kaya M D,Atak M.Effects of salt and drought stresses on germination and seedling growth of pea(Pisum sativum L.)[J].Turk J Agric For,2005,29(4):237-242.
[6]贾寿山,俊刚,王曙光,等.山西小麦地方品种萌发期的抗旱性[J].华北农学报,2011,26(2):213-217.
[7]李春喜,郭雪妮,张黛静,等.轻度干旱胁迫下黄淮麦区不同基因型小麦的响应分析[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(9):1446-1452.
[8]曹俊梅,周安定,吴新元,等.不同基因型冬小麦抗旱性鉴定及相关抗旱指标分析[J].新疆农业科学,2011,48(12):2157-2164.
[9]杨子光,张灿军,冀天会,等.小麦抗旱性鉴定方法及评价指标研究Ⅳ萌发期抗旱指标的比较研究[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(12):173-176.
[10]孙军伟,杨子光,孟丽梅,等.小麦扬花期抗旱性鉴定指标的筛选[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(11):21-23,33.
[11]姚维传,熊际友.水分胁迫下皖麦品种种子萌发及幼苗生长差异性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2000,28(5):607-609,617.
[12]Yousfi N,Slama I,Ghnaya T,et al.Effects of water deficit stress on growth,water relations and osmolyte accumulation in Medicago truncatula and M.laciniata populations[J].Comptes Rendus Biologies,2010,333(3):205-213.
[13]单长卷,杨小丽.土壤干旱对冬小麦幼苗根、叶渗透调节和保护酶活性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2006(8):28-31.
[14]单长卷,梁宗锁.土壤干旱对冬小麦幼苗根系生长及生理特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(5):38-41.
[15]马富举,李丹丹,蔡剑,等.干旱胁迫对小麦幼苗根系生长和叶片光合作用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(3):724-730.
[16]张建军,王勇,李尚忠.农业生物节水研究进展[J].作物杂志,2006(6):4-8.
[17]芦静,曹俊梅,周安定,等.PEG处理下新疆冬小麦品种幼苗期生理指标的抗旱性研究[J].新疆农业科学,2014,51(3):393-402.
[18]由继红,陆静梅,杨文杰.钙对低温胁迫下小麦幼苗光合作用及相关生理指标的影响[J].作物学报,2002,28(5):693-696.
[19]朱新开,盛海君,顾晶,等.应用SPAD值预测小麦叶片叶绿素和氮含量的初步研究[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(2):46-50.
[20]艾天成,李方敏,周治安,等.作物叶片叶绿素含量与SPAD值相关性研究[J].湖北农学院学报,2000,20(1):6-8.
[21]张国盛,张仁陟.水分胁迫下氮磷营养对小麦根系发育的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2001,36(2):163-167.
[22]孙存华,白嵩,白宝璋,等.水分胁迫对小麦幼苗根系生长和生理状态的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2003,25(5):485-489.
[23]俞世雄,李芬,李邵林,等.水分胁迫对小麦新品系叶绿素含量的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2014,29(3):353-358.
[24]董建力,许兴,李树华,等.旱胁迫对不同春小麦叶绿素含量的影响及与抗旱性的关系[J].华北农学报,2011,26(3):120-123.
[25]张运红,孙克冈,和爱玲,等.喷施海藻酸钠寡糖对小麦幼苗生长发育和抗旱性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(2):56-61.
[26]唐玉婧,马猛,邓西平,等.干旱胁迫下小麦抗旱能力与其根系特征间的关系[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2014,42(4):48-54.
[2]左文博,吴静利,杨奇,等.干旱胁迫对小麦根系活力和可溶性糖含量的影响[J].华北农学报,2010,25(6):191-193.
[3]Wang X,Vinocur B,Altman A.Plant responses to drought,salinity and extreme temperatures:Towards genetic engineering for stress tolerance[J].Planta,2003,218(1):1-14.
[4]Deng X,Shan L.Sensitivity and resistance of seeding establishment to water stress in spring wheat[J].Cereal Research Communication,2002,30(1/2):125-132.
[5]Okcu G,Kaya M D,Atak M.Effects of salt and drought stresses on germination and seedling growth of pea(Pisum sativum L.)[J].Turk J Agric For,2005,29(4):237-242.
[6]贾寿山,俊刚,王曙光,等.山西小麦地方品种萌发期的抗旱性[J].华北农学报,2011,26(2):213-217.
[7]李春喜,郭雪妮,张黛静,等.轻度干旱胁迫下黄淮麦区不同基因型小麦的响应分析[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(9):1446-1452.
[8]曹俊梅,周安定,吴新元,等.不同基因型冬小麦抗旱性鉴定及相关抗旱指标分析[J].新疆农业科学,2011,48(12):2157-2164.
[9]杨子光,张灿军,冀天会,等.小麦抗旱性鉴定方法及评价指标研究Ⅳ萌发期抗旱指标的比较研究[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(12):173-176.
[10]孙军伟,杨子光,孟丽梅,等.小麦扬花期抗旱性鉴定指标的筛选[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(11):21-23,33.
[11]姚维传,熊际友.水分胁迫下皖麦品种种子萌发及幼苗生长差异性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2000,28(5):607-609,617.
[12]Yousfi N,Slama I,Ghnaya T,et al.Effects of water deficit stress on growth,water relations and osmolyte accumulation in Medicago truncatula and M.laciniata populations[J].Comptes Rendus Biologies,2010,333(3):205-213.
[13]单长卷,杨小丽.土壤干旱对冬小麦幼苗根、叶渗透调节和保护酶活性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2006(8):28-31.
[14]单长卷,梁宗锁.土壤干旱对冬小麦幼苗根系生长及生理特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(5):38-41.
[15]马富举,李丹丹,蔡剑,等.干旱胁迫对小麦幼苗根系生长和叶片光合作用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(3):724-730.
[16]张建军,王勇,李尚忠.农业生物节水研究进展[J].作物杂志,2006(6):4-8.
[17]芦静,曹俊梅,周安定,等.PEG处理下新疆冬小麦品种幼苗期生理指标的抗旱性研究[J].新疆农业科学,2014,51(3):393-402.
[18]由继红,陆静梅,杨文杰.钙对低温胁迫下小麦幼苗光合作用及相关生理指标的影响[J].作物学报,2002,28(5):693-696.
[19]朱新开,盛海君,顾晶,等.应用SPAD值预测小麦叶片叶绿素和氮含量的初步研究[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(2):46-50.
[20]艾天成,李方敏,周治安,等.作物叶片叶绿素含量与SPAD值相关性研究[J].湖北农学院学报,2000,20(1):6-8.
[21]张国盛,张仁陟.水分胁迫下氮磷营养对小麦根系发育的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2001,36(2):163-167.
[22]孙存华,白嵩,白宝璋,等.水分胁迫对小麦幼苗根系生长和生理状态的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2003,25(5):485-489.
[23]俞世雄,李芬,李邵林,等.水分胁迫对小麦新品系叶绿素含量的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2014,29(3):353-358.
[24]董建力,许兴,李树华,等.旱胁迫对不同春小麦叶绿素含量的影响及与抗旱性的关系[J].华北农学报,2011,26(3):120-123.
[25]张运红,孙克冈,和爱玲,等.喷施海藻酸钠寡糖对小麦幼苗生长发育和抗旱性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(2):56-61.
[26]唐玉婧,马猛,邓西平,等.干旱胁迫下小麦抗旱能力与其根系特征间的关系[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2014,42(4):48-54.