氮肥减量与替代方式对华南稻区水稻产量及氮肥利用效率的影响
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摘要
通过氮肥减量和替代确保水稻稳产,提高氮肥利用效率,实现资源节约和环境友好的双重目的。试验设计不施氮(N0)、3种减氮配施生物有机肥和3种减氮配施钮翠绿有机复合液肥施肥模式,以当地施肥水平为对照,研究生物有机肥或钮翠绿有机复合液肥配施及不同减氮比例处理对水稻产量和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明:生物有机肥配施模式平均减氮30%的情况下,早、晚稻的平均产量略低于常规施肥模式,钮翠绿有机复合液肥配施模式表现出类似的趋势;与常规施肥模式相比,生物有机肥或钮翠绿有机复合液肥配施平均减氮30%的情况下,氮肥偏生产力平均提高了34. 3%,表明通过施用生物有机肥或钮翠绿有机复合液肥配施减量化肥是可行的,是一条化肥减量和水稻稳产的有效途径。
By nitrogen reducing and replacement,the rice grain yield can be maintained and nitrogen use efficiency can be improved,which achieve dual purpose of resource saving and environment friendly. Designing six fertilization modes including nitrogen-free(N0),three nitrogen-reducing combined application of bio-organic fertilizer and three nitrogen-reducing combined application of organic compound liquid fertilizer Niucuilü,using the local fertilization level as the control,this paper study the effects of application of bio-organic fertilizer or Niucuilü organic compound liquid fertilizer and different proportion of nitrogen reduction on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency. The results show that grain yield of early rice and late rice in the treatment of bio-organic fertilizer combined with averagely 30% nitrogen reduction was slightly less than that of local applying nitrogen fertilizer model. Similar trend was found on the treatment of Niucuilü organic liquid fertilizer combined with averagely 30% nitrogen reducing. In additional,compared with local applying nitrogen fertilizer model,nitrogen partial factor productivity in treatment of bio-organic fertilizer,or Niucuilü organic liquid fertilizer combined with averagely 30% nitrogen reduction increase averagely by 34.3%. Therefore,our results suggest that it is an efficiency way of nitrogen reduction and rice grain yield maintaining via the treatment of organic liquid fertilizer combined with nitrogen reduction.
By nitrogen reducing and replacement,the rice grain yield can be maintained and nitrogen use efficiency can be improved,which achieve dual purpose of resource saving and environment friendly. Designing six fertilization modes including nitrogen-free(N0),three nitrogen-reducing combined application of bio-organic fertilizer and three nitrogen-reducing combined application of organic compound liquid fertilizer Niucuilü,using the local fertilization level as the control,this paper study the effects of application of bio-organic fertilizer or Niucuilü organic compound liquid fertilizer and different proportion of nitrogen reduction on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency. The results show that grain yield of early rice and late rice in the treatment of bio-organic fertilizer combined with averagely 30% nitrogen reduction was slightly less than that of local applying nitrogen fertilizer model. Similar trend was found on the treatment of Niucuilü organic liquid fertilizer combined with averagely 30% nitrogen reducing. In additional,compared with local applying nitrogen fertilizer model,nitrogen partial factor productivity in treatment of bio-organic fertilizer,or Niucuilü organic liquid fertilizer combined with averagely 30% nitrogen reduction increase averagely by 34.3%. Therefore,our results suggest that it is an efficiency way of nitrogen reduction and rice grain yield maintaining via the treatment of organic liquid fertilizer combined with nitrogen reduction.
引文
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[13]朱菜红,董彩霞,沈其荣,等.配施有机肥提高化肥氮利用效率的微生物作用机制研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010(2):282-288.
[14]沈德龙,曹凤明,李力.我国生物有机肥的发展现状及展望[J].中国土壤与肥料,2007(6):1-5.
[15]李国雷,韩东道,李方勇.有机液肥作基肥对单季晚稻甬优12产量的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2016,57(6):816-818.
[16]李国俊,吴红,杨文,等.纽翠绿腐殖酸有机液肥在水稻生产上的应用效果[J].北方水稻,2009,39(2):64-65.
[2]谷学佳,王玉峰,张磊,等.施肥插秧一体化技术对水稻产量及氮素流失的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2017(8):12-17.
[3]刘红江,郑建初,郭智,等.太湖地区氮肥减量对水稻氮素吸收利用的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(11):2960-2965.
[4] Chen XP,Cui ZL,Zhang FS,et al. Producing more grain with lower environmental costs[J]. Nature,2014,514:486-489.
[5] Zhang QF. Strategies for developing green super rice[J].PNAS,2007,104(42):16402-16409.
[6]傅志强,龙攀,刘依依,等.水氮组合模式对双季稻氮肥利用效率的影响[J].农学学报,2015,5(8):12-18.
[7]吕美蓉,李忠佩,刘明,等.长期不同施肥处理对红壤水稻土微生物量氮周转的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(2):275-282.
[8]王立刚,李维炯,邱建军,等.生物有机肥对作物生长/土壤肥力及产量的效应研究[J].土壤肥料,2004(5):12-16.
[9]廖萍,汤军,黄山,等.等养分条件下生物有机肥与化肥配施对双季稻产量和土壤性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(2):16-20.
[10]王显,肖跃成,姚义,等.不同生物有机肥对水稻产量及其构成因子的影响[J].中国稻米,2010,16(3):50-52.
[11]凌启鸿,张洪程,鞠章网,等.三安生物有机肥不同用量对有机水稻产量、品质和氮素吸收利用的影响[J].中国稻米,2010,16(1):17-22.
[12]罗连光,田昌,颜应成,等.无机肥配施生物有机肥对超级稻Y两优1号产量及碳氮代谢的影响[J].杂交水稻,2011,26(1):61-64.
[13]朱菜红,董彩霞,沈其荣,等.配施有机肥提高化肥氮利用效率的微生物作用机制研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010(2):282-288.
[14]沈德龙,曹凤明,李力.我国生物有机肥的发展现状及展望[J].中国土壤与肥料,2007(6):1-5.
[15]李国雷,韩东道,李方勇.有机液肥作基肥对单季晚稻甬优12产量的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2016,57(6):816-818.
[16]李国俊,吴红,杨文,等.纽翠绿腐殖酸有机液肥在水稻生产上的应用效果[J].北方水稻,2009,39(2):64-65.