费德勒职业生涯参赛组合系统特征及参赛效率分析
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摘要
本文通过文献资料法、数理统计法,对费德勒自1998年转入职业起到2017年的职业生涯的参赛特征及参赛效率进行分析,为网球运动员职业生涯不同阶段选赛提供参考,进而提高参赛效率。结果显示:1999年至2003年阶段年度参赛在20站以上,2004年至2017年阶段年度参赛站数控制在20以内;每1赛季在4大满贯和黄金巡回赛前后安排级别较低的赛事;硬地赛事在40%～60%之间,红土在20%～25%,草地在10%～15%;第1阶段参赛效率值低于200,第2、第3阶段高于200;第1阶段黄金巡回赛对总积分的贡献率在0. 42～0. 994之间,大满贯在0. 03～0. 19之间,第2、第3阶段大满贯贡献率整体在0. 4～0. 6之间,大师赛在0. 2～0. 4之间,黄金巡回赛和大师杯赛的贡献率在0. 2以内。第1阶段各级别积分发挥程度在0. 29以内,第2、第3阶段各级别赛事积分发挥程度由0. 2上升到0. 8。结果表明:参赛时间上每赛季由4大满贯和年终总决赛为核心安排其他赛事5个阶段构成;参赛以硬地赛事最多,红土次之,草地赛事最少;参加的硬地赛事最多,红土次之,草地赛事最少;职业生涯第1阶段参赛数量多,赛事组合以积分较少的低级别赛事为主,总积分的获得主要来自黄金巡回赛,各级别赛事参赛效率低;职业生涯第2、第3阶段参赛数量减少,赛事组合以积分多的高级别赛事为主,总积分的获得主要来自大满贯和大师杯赛,各赛事的参赛效率较高。
This study analyzed the competition characteristics and efficiency of Roger Federer's professional career from 1998 to 2017,which can provide reference for tennis players in their different career stages and improve the efficiency of competition. The methods of documentation and mathematical statistics were used in this study. Results: From 1999 to 2003,Roger Federer competed in more than 20 races annually,and from 2004 to 2017,he competed in less than 20 races annually. He arranged lower-level tournaments before and after the four Grand Slams and the Golden Tour every season. Hard court tennis events accounted for 40%-60%,laterite tennis events accounted for 20%-25%,and lawn tennis events accounted for 10%-15%. In the first stage,the efficiency was lower than 200,and in the second and third stages,it was higher than 200. In the first stage,the contribution rate of the golden tournament to the total score ranged from 0.42 to 0.994,the Grand Slam from 0.03 to 0.19; the Grand Slam from 0.4 to 0.6 in the second and third stages,the Masters' tournament from 0.2 to 0.4,and the golden tournament and the Masters' Cup contribute less than 0.2. In the first stage,the level of scoring at all levels was less than 0.29,and in the second and third stages,the level of scoring at all levels rose from 0.2 to 0.8. The results showed that: In terms of competition time,Roger Federer arranged other events for each season from the four Grand Slams and the year-end finals. The number of hard ground events was the highest,followed by laterite and grassland events was the lowest. In the first stage of career,the number of participants was large,and the combination of events was dominated by low-level events with fewer points. The total points were mainly obtained from the golden tournament,and the efficiency of competition at all levels was low. In the second and third stages of Roger Federer's career,the number of entries decreased,and the combination of events was dominated by high-level events with more points.The total points were obtained mainly from Grand Slam and Master Cup. The efficiency of each event was higher.
This study analyzed the competition characteristics and efficiency of Roger Federer's professional career from 1998 to 2017,which can provide reference for tennis players in their different career stages and improve the efficiency of competition. The methods of documentation and mathematical statistics were used in this study. Results: From 1999 to 2003,Roger Federer competed in more than 20 races annually,and from 2004 to 2017,he competed in less than 20 races annually. He arranged lower-level tournaments before and after the four Grand Slams and the Golden Tour every season. Hard court tennis events accounted for 40%-60%,laterite tennis events accounted for 20%-25%,and lawn tennis events accounted for 10%-15%. In the first stage,the efficiency was lower than 200,and in the second and third stages,it was higher than 200. In the first stage,the contribution rate of the golden tournament to the total score ranged from 0.42 to 0.994,the Grand Slam from 0.03 to 0.19; the Grand Slam from 0.4 to 0.6 in the second and third stages,the Masters' tournament from 0.2 to 0.4,and the golden tournament and the Masters' Cup contribute less than 0.2. In the first stage,the level of scoring at all levels was less than 0.29,and in the second and third stages,the level of scoring at all levels rose from 0.2 to 0.8. The results showed that: In terms of competition time,Roger Federer arranged other events for each season from the four Grand Slams and the year-end finals. The number of hard ground events was the highest,followed by laterite and grassland events was the lowest. In the first stage of career,the number of participants was large,and the combination of events was dominated by low-level events with fewer points. The total points were mainly obtained from the golden tournament,and the efficiency of competition at all levels was low. In the second and third stages of Roger Federer's career,the number of entries decreased,and the combination of events was dominated by high-level events with more points.The total points were obtained mainly from Grand Slam and Master Cup. The efficiency of each event was higher.
引文
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[15] http://cn. atpworldtour. com/Tennis/Players/TopPlayers/Roger-Federer.aspx? t=pa.
[2]董保健,陈正,崔腾宇.优秀女子网球运动员职业过渡阶段年度训练与参赛规律研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2017,40(5):108-113.
[3]田园,刘青.中国职业网球的困境及其发展趋势[J].成都体育学院学报,2008(1):60.
[4]吕立.博尔特三个奥运周期的参赛特征及竞技状态变化分析[J].成都体育学院学报,2017,43(6):80-84.
[5]徐刚,焦静娅,高凯.世界羽联专项竞赛的体系特征与参赛选择研究[J].体育文化导刊,2016(12):106-111.
[6]田麦久.论竞技参赛理论的系统构建[J].中国体育教练员,2015,23(1):5-7.
[7]潘俊.我国优秀男子网球运动员“选赛”探析[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2011.
[8]吴俊.网球运动员竞技能力参赛变异因素及对策研究[D].辽宁:辽宁师范大学,2009.
[9]杨锋,杨琛琛,梁樑,等.各国奥运会参赛效率评价与排序研究[J].中国软科学,2009(3):166-173.
[10]关硕.高水平男子职业网球选手年度周期参赛安排研究[D].北京:首都体育学院,2010.
[11]孙江宁.我国职业女子网球选手年度选赛方式的理论与实践研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2008.
[12]曾里强.男子网球运动员青少年阶段参赛安排特征研究[D].成都:成都体育学院,2016.
[13]田麦久.高水平竞技选手的科学训练与成功参赛[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2014.
[14]白廷祥.世界高水平男子职业网球运动员年度选赛分析[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2014.
[15] http://cn. atpworldtour. com/Tennis/Players/TopPlayers/Roger-Federer.aspx? t=pa.