电动汽车用电驱重构型充电系统及其关键技术综述
|
摘要
电动汽车用电驱重构型充电(EDRC)系统是一类将电机绕组重构成滤波电感或储能电感,电驱逆变器重构成整流或直流变换装置并共用电驱控制器及传感器单元的新型充电系统拓扑结构。电动汽车用EDRC系统具有模块集成度和能源存储空间高、充电模式和控制方式多样、控制灵活、冗余性和可靠性高等优异特性,在大功率、快速充电场合具有广阔的应用前景。对电动汽车用三相交流接口结构型式EDRC系统在国内外的研究和发展现状进行了分析和总结,介绍了EDRC系统的多种拓扑结构及其特点,对系统的控制技术进行了全面综述,并分析了EDRC系统绕组通电对电机电磁性能的影响,最后对EDRC系统的未来研究与发展进行了展望。
The EDRC( Electric-Drive-Reconstructed Charger) system for electric vehicles has a novel charger system topological structure,in which the motor winding is constructed as the filter inductance or energy storage inductance.At the same time,the electric-drive inverter is reconfigured as the AC/DC or DC/DC converter and they share the electric-drive controller and sensor unit. The EDRC system for electric vehicles provides a variety of advantages,such as high integration,large space for energy storage,selective charging modes,flexible control strategy,redundancy and high reliability,and hence is considered as a promising solution that satisfies the demands of high power and rapid charging applications. Firstly,current research and development conditions of EDRC system utilized in threephase AC interface for electric vehicles are analyzed and summarized. Secondly,the various topologies and properties of EDRC system are reviewed. Thirdly,the control strategies of system are overviewed and the effects of windings in the charging condition on the motor electromagnetic characteristics are discussed. Finally,the future trends of EDRC system are prospected.
The EDRC( Electric-Drive-Reconstructed Charger) system for electric vehicles has a novel charger system topological structure,in which the motor winding is constructed as the filter inductance or energy storage inductance.At the same time,the electric-drive inverter is reconfigured as the AC/DC or DC/DC converter and they share the electric-drive controller and sensor unit. The EDRC system for electric vehicles provides a variety of advantages,such as high integration,large space for energy storage,selective charging modes,flexible control strategy,redundancy and high reliability,and hence is considered as a promising solution that satisfies the demands of high power and rapid charging applications. Firstly,current research and development conditions of EDRC system utilized in threephase AC interface for electric vehicles are analyzed and summarized. Secondly,the various topologies and properties of EDRC system are reviewed. Thirdly,the control strategies of system are overviewed and the effects of windings in the charging condition on the motor electromagnetic characteristics are discussed. Finally,the future trends of EDRC system are prospected.
引文
[1]杨月新,车延博,杨立勋.电动汽车充电机运行状态多指标综合评估[J].电力自动化设备,2018,38(3):72-79.YANG Yuexin,CHE Yanbo,YANG Lixun. Multi-index comprehensive evaluation of running state for electric vehicle charger[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2018,38(3):72-79.
[2]魏大钧,孙波,张承慧.电动汽车车载充电机接入住宅区配电网谐波研究[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(2):13-18.WEI Dajun,SUN Bo,ZHANG Chenghui. Harmonics caused by connecting EV on-board chargers to residential distribution network[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(2):13-18.
[3]KHALIGH A,DUSMEZ S. Comprehensive topological analysis of conductive and inductive charging solutions for plug-in electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2012,61(8):3475-3489.
[4]MURAT Y,PHILIP T K. Review of battery charger topologies,charging power levels,and infrastructure for plug-in electric and hybrid vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(5):2151-2168.
[5]刘莹,王辉,漆文龙.电动汽车驱动系统与蓄电池充电一体化混合拓扑研究综述[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(10):143-149.LIU Ying,WANG Hui,QI Wenlong. Summary of integrated topology of EV traction system and battery charging system[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(10):143-149.
[6]SUBOTIC I,BODO N,LEVI E,et al. Overview of fast onboard integrated battery chargers for electric vehicles based on multiphase machines and power electronics[J]. IET Electric Power Applications,2016,10(3):217-229.
[7]LEVI E. Advances in converter control and innovative exploitation of additional degrees of freedom for multiphase machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(1):433-448.
[8]LUCA S. Nonconventional onboard charger for electric vehicle propulsion batteries[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2001,50(1):144-149.
[9]PELLEGRINO G,ARMANDO E,GUGLIELMI P. An integral battery charger with power factor correction for electric scooter[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2010,25(3):751-759.
[10]WOO D G,JOO D M,LEE B K. On the feasibility of integrated battery charger utilizing traction motor and inverter in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(12):7270-7281.
[11]LACRESSONNIERE F,CASSORET B. Converter used as a battery charger and a motor speed controller in an industrial truck[C]∥European Confe-rence on Power Electronics and Applications. Dresden,Germany:IEEE,2005:11-14.
[12]DUAN Z,ZHAO F,CONG W,et al. Analysis of charging torque in a three-phase integrated charger of electrical vehicle[C]∥Conference and Expo on Transportation Electrification Asia-Pacific. Beijing,China:IEEE,2014:1-5.
[13]LU X,IYER K,MUKHERJEE K,et al. Investigation of integrated charging and discharging incorporating interior permanent magnet machine with damper bars for electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2016,31(1):260-269.
[14]HAGHBIN S,LUNDMARK S,ALAKULA M,et al. An isolated highpower integrated charger in electrified-vehicle applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2011,60(9):4115-4126.
[15]HAGHBIN S,KHAN K,ZHAO S,et al. An integrated 20 kW motor drive and isolated battery charger for plug-in vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(8):4013-4029.
[16]HAGHBIN S,LUNDMARK S,ALAKULA M,et al. Grid-connected integrated battery chargers in vehicle applications:review and new solution[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(2):459-473.
[17]BRUYERE A,SOUSA L,SANDULESCU P,et al. A multiphase traction/fast-battery-charger drive for electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles[C]∥IEEE Conference on Vehicle Power and Propulsion.Lille,France:IEEE,2010:1-7.
[18]HAGHBIN S,GUILLEN I. Integrated motor drive and non-isolated battery charger based on the torque cancelation in the motor[C]∥IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems. Kitakyushu,Japan:IEEE,2013:824-829.
[19]LACROIX S,LABOURE E,HILAIRET M. An integrated fast battery charger for electric vehicle[C]∥IEEE Conference on Vehicle Power and Propulsion. Lille,France:IEEE,2010:1-6.
[20]SANDULESCU P,MEINGUET F,KESTELYN X,et al. Flux-weakening operation of open-end winding drive integrating a cost-effective high-power charger[J]. IET Electrical Systems in Transportation,2013,3(1):10-21.
[21]SUBOTIC I,JONES M,LEVI E. A fast onboard integrated battery charger for four-motor EVs[C]∥International Conference on Electrical Machine. Berlin,Germany:IEEE,2014:2066-2072.
[22]YU F,CHENG M,CHAU K T. Controllability and performance of nine-phase FSPM motor under severe five open-phase fault condition[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2016,31(1):323-332.
[23]CHENG M,YU F,CHAU K T. Dynamic performance evaluation of a nine-phase flux-switching permanent magnet motor drive with model predictive control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(7):4539-4549.
[24]於锋,程明,夏子朋,等.三种谐波电流注入模式下的磁通切换永磁电机缺相容错控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(3):836-844.YU Feng,CHENG Ming,XIA Zipeng,et al. Fault tolerant control of flux-switching permanent magnet motors with three kinds of harmonic current injections[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(3):836-844.
[25]SUBOTIC I,LEVI E,JONES M,et al. An integrated battery charger for EVs based on an asymmetrical six-phase machine[C]∥The39th Annual Conference on the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.Vienna,Austria:IEEE,2013:7244-7249.
[26]SOBOTIC I,LEVI E. An integrated battery charger for EVs based on an symmetrical six-phase machine[C]∥The 23rd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. Istanbul,Turkey:IEEE,2014:2074-2079.
[27]ALI S Q,MASCARELLA D,JOOS G,et al. Circulating current minimization for dual three-phase motor integrated battery charger[C]∥IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. Montreal,QC,Canada:IEEE,2015:3651-3658.
[28]SUBOTIC I,LEVI E,BODO N. A fast onboard integrated battery charger for EVs using an asymmetrical six-phase machine[C]∥IEEE Conference on Vehicle Power and Propulsion. Coimbra,Portugal:IEEE,2014:1-6.
[29]SUBOTIC I,BODO N,LEVI E,et al. Onboard integrated battery charger for EVs using an asymmetrical nine-phase machine[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(5):3285-3295.
[30]SUBOTIC I,BODO N,LEVI E. An EV drive-train with integrated fast charging capability[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(2):1461-1471.
[31]DIAB M,ELSEROUGI A,AYMAN S,et al. A nine switch converter based integrated motor drive and battery charger system for EVs using symmetrical six-phase machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(9):5326-5335.
[32]BODO N,LEVI E,SUBOTIC I,et al. Efficiency evaluation of fully integrated onboard EV battery chargers with nine-phase machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2017,32(1):257-266.
[33]CHAU K T,CHAN C C,LIU C. Overview of permanent-magnet brushless drives for electric and hybrid electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,55(6):2246-2257.
[34]袁晓强,於锋,吴晓.永磁驱动重构型车载充电机三相DC/DC变流器的研究[C]∥电力电子与变频电源新技术学术年会.苏州,中国:出版者不详,2017:138-143.YUAN Xiaoqiang,YU Feng,WU Xiao. Research on three-phase DC/DC converter of the permanent-magnet-drive reconstructed onboard charger[C]∥Annual Conference on Power Electronics and Frequency Conversion Technology. Suzhou,China:[s.n.],2017:138-143.
[35]SUBOTIC I,BODO N,LEVI E. Integration of six-phase EV drivetrains into battery charging process with direct grid connection[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2017,32(3):1012-1022.
[36]LIU T H,CHEN Y,YI P,et al. Integrated battery charger with power factor correction for electric-propulsion systems[J]. IET Electric Power Applications,2015,9(3):229-238.
[2]魏大钧,孙波,张承慧.电动汽车车载充电机接入住宅区配电网谐波研究[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(2):13-18.WEI Dajun,SUN Bo,ZHANG Chenghui. Harmonics caused by connecting EV on-board chargers to residential distribution network[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(2):13-18.
[3]KHALIGH A,DUSMEZ S. Comprehensive topological analysis of conductive and inductive charging solutions for plug-in electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2012,61(8):3475-3489.
[4]MURAT Y,PHILIP T K. Review of battery charger topologies,charging power levels,and infrastructure for plug-in electric and hybrid vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(5):2151-2168.
[5]刘莹,王辉,漆文龙.电动汽车驱动系统与蓄电池充电一体化混合拓扑研究综述[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(10):143-149.LIU Ying,WANG Hui,QI Wenlong. Summary of integrated topology of EV traction system and battery charging system[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(10):143-149.
[6]SUBOTIC I,BODO N,LEVI E,et al. Overview of fast onboard integrated battery chargers for electric vehicles based on multiphase machines and power electronics[J]. IET Electric Power Applications,2016,10(3):217-229.
[7]LEVI E. Advances in converter control and innovative exploitation of additional degrees of freedom for multiphase machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(1):433-448.
[8]LUCA S. Nonconventional onboard charger for electric vehicle propulsion batteries[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2001,50(1):144-149.
[9]PELLEGRINO G,ARMANDO E,GUGLIELMI P. An integral battery charger with power factor correction for electric scooter[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2010,25(3):751-759.
[10]WOO D G,JOO D M,LEE B K. On the feasibility of integrated battery charger utilizing traction motor and inverter in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(12):7270-7281.
[11]LACRESSONNIERE F,CASSORET B. Converter used as a battery charger and a motor speed controller in an industrial truck[C]∥European Confe-rence on Power Electronics and Applications. Dresden,Germany:IEEE,2005:11-14.
[12]DUAN Z,ZHAO F,CONG W,et al. Analysis of charging torque in a three-phase integrated charger of electrical vehicle[C]∥Conference and Expo on Transportation Electrification Asia-Pacific. Beijing,China:IEEE,2014:1-5.
[13]LU X,IYER K,MUKHERJEE K,et al. Investigation of integrated charging and discharging incorporating interior permanent magnet machine with damper bars for electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2016,31(1):260-269.
[14]HAGHBIN S,LUNDMARK S,ALAKULA M,et al. An isolated highpower integrated charger in electrified-vehicle applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2011,60(9):4115-4126.
[15]HAGHBIN S,KHAN K,ZHAO S,et al. An integrated 20 kW motor drive and isolated battery charger for plug-in vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(8):4013-4029.
[16]HAGHBIN S,LUNDMARK S,ALAKULA M,et al. Grid-connected integrated battery chargers in vehicle applications:review and new solution[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(2):459-473.
[17]BRUYERE A,SOUSA L,SANDULESCU P,et al. A multiphase traction/fast-battery-charger drive for electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles[C]∥IEEE Conference on Vehicle Power and Propulsion.Lille,France:IEEE,2010:1-7.
[18]HAGHBIN S,GUILLEN I. Integrated motor drive and non-isolated battery charger based on the torque cancelation in the motor[C]∥IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems. Kitakyushu,Japan:IEEE,2013:824-829.
[19]LACROIX S,LABOURE E,HILAIRET M. An integrated fast battery charger for electric vehicle[C]∥IEEE Conference on Vehicle Power and Propulsion. Lille,France:IEEE,2010:1-6.
[20]SANDULESCU P,MEINGUET F,KESTELYN X,et al. Flux-weakening operation of open-end winding drive integrating a cost-effective high-power charger[J]. IET Electrical Systems in Transportation,2013,3(1):10-21.
[21]SUBOTIC I,JONES M,LEVI E. A fast onboard integrated battery charger for four-motor EVs[C]∥International Conference on Electrical Machine. Berlin,Germany:IEEE,2014:2066-2072.
[22]YU F,CHENG M,CHAU K T. Controllability and performance of nine-phase FSPM motor under severe five open-phase fault condition[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2016,31(1):323-332.
[23]CHENG M,YU F,CHAU K T. Dynamic performance evaluation of a nine-phase flux-switching permanent magnet motor drive with model predictive control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(7):4539-4549.
[24]於锋,程明,夏子朋,等.三种谐波电流注入模式下的磁通切换永磁电机缺相容错控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(3):836-844.YU Feng,CHENG Ming,XIA Zipeng,et al. Fault tolerant control of flux-switching permanent magnet motors with three kinds of harmonic current injections[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(3):836-844.
[25]SUBOTIC I,LEVI E,JONES M,et al. An integrated battery charger for EVs based on an asymmetrical six-phase machine[C]∥The39th Annual Conference on the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.Vienna,Austria:IEEE,2013:7244-7249.
[26]SOBOTIC I,LEVI E. An integrated battery charger for EVs based on an symmetrical six-phase machine[C]∥The 23rd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. Istanbul,Turkey:IEEE,2014:2074-2079.
[27]ALI S Q,MASCARELLA D,JOOS G,et al. Circulating current minimization for dual three-phase motor integrated battery charger[C]∥IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. Montreal,QC,Canada:IEEE,2015:3651-3658.
[28]SUBOTIC I,LEVI E,BODO N. A fast onboard integrated battery charger for EVs using an asymmetrical six-phase machine[C]∥IEEE Conference on Vehicle Power and Propulsion. Coimbra,Portugal:IEEE,2014:1-6.
[29]SUBOTIC I,BODO N,LEVI E,et al. Onboard integrated battery charger for EVs using an asymmetrical nine-phase machine[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(5):3285-3295.
[30]SUBOTIC I,BODO N,LEVI E. An EV drive-train with integrated fast charging capability[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(2):1461-1471.
[31]DIAB M,ELSEROUGI A,AYMAN S,et al. A nine switch converter based integrated motor drive and battery charger system for EVs using symmetrical six-phase machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(9):5326-5335.
[32]BODO N,LEVI E,SUBOTIC I,et al. Efficiency evaluation of fully integrated onboard EV battery chargers with nine-phase machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2017,32(1):257-266.
[33]CHAU K T,CHAN C C,LIU C. Overview of permanent-magnet brushless drives for electric and hybrid electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,55(6):2246-2257.
[34]袁晓强,於锋,吴晓.永磁驱动重构型车载充电机三相DC/DC变流器的研究[C]∥电力电子与变频电源新技术学术年会.苏州,中国:出版者不详,2017:138-143.YUAN Xiaoqiang,YU Feng,WU Xiao. Research on three-phase DC/DC converter of the permanent-magnet-drive reconstructed onboard charger[C]∥Annual Conference on Power Electronics and Frequency Conversion Technology. Suzhou,China:[s.n.],2017:138-143.
[35]SUBOTIC I,BODO N,LEVI E. Integration of six-phase EV drivetrains into battery charging process with direct grid connection[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2017,32(3):1012-1022.
[36]LIU T H,CHEN Y,YI P,et al. Integrated battery charger with power factor correction for electric-propulsion systems[J]. IET Electric Power Applications,2015,9(3):229-238.