蚯蚓对植物修复石油烃污染土壤的影响
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摘要
石油使用量的增大导致石油污染量的增加.为经济有效地修复低污染浓度的石油烃污染土壤,了解蚯蚓对植物去除土壤石油烃的影响,探讨蚯蚓对土壤石油烃污染的修复效应,通过人工制备石油烃污染土壤,采用植物〔紫茉莉(Mirabilis jalapa L.)、凤仙花(Impatiens balsamina L.)、西伯利亚鸢尾(Iris sibirica L.)〕以及植物-蚯蚓〔赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetda)〕两种处理模式进行60d的盆栽试验,通过测定土壤中w(石油烃)、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶的活性变化来解析蚯蚓对植物修复土壤石油烃效率的影响.结果表明:相同处理条件下,凤仙花、紫茉莉与西伯利亚鸢尾土壤中石油烃去除率分别为36. 32%、32. 70%、29. 82%,凤仙花的土壤修复效果最佳.添加蚯蚓后,对应凤仙花、紫茉莉与西伯利亚鸢尾土壤中石油烃的去除率分别为40. 73%、36. 10%、32. 80%,显著高于未添加蚯蚓土壤,表明添加蚯蚓能够促进植物对土壤中石油烃的修复效果.土壤修复过程中过氧化氢酶与多酚氧化酶活性总体呈上升趋势,添加蚯蚓对土壤酶活性具有刺激作用.土壤中过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶活性均与w(石油烃)呈显著负相关(相关系数分别为-0. 79和-0. 90,P均小于0. 05),说明土壤中过氧化氢酶与多酚氧化酶可能参与了土壤中石油烃的降解过程.研究显示,蚯蚓能够强化植物对石油污染土壤的修复效果,为植物/蚯蚓联合修复石油污染土壤提供了技术依据.
Petroleum in soil has become more serious due to the increasing use of petroleum. This study aimed to find an economic and effective remediation solution for petroleum polluted soil with low concentration,and to investigate the effect of earthworm on plant remediation efficiency in petroleum-polluted soil. A 60 d incubation experiment was carried out using an anthropogenic petroleum-polluted soil with two treatments including three different plant varieties treatments( Impatiens balsamina L.,Mirabilis jalapa L.,Iris Sibirica L.)and combined plant plus earthworm( Eisenia Foetda) treatment. The contents of the total petroleum hydrocarbon and the activities of catalase and polyphenol oxidase in the soil were measured at the end of the experiment. Results showed that the removal efficiency of petroleum hydrocarbon in soil under Impatiens balsamina L.,Mirabilis jalapa L.,Iris Sibirica L. treatments were 36. 32%,32. 70% and29. 82%,respectively,and Impatiens balsamina L. had the best remediation effect for petroleum pollution. After adding earthworm,the removal efficiency of petroleum hydrocarbon in soil under Impatiens balsamina L.,Mirabilis jalapa L.,Iris Sibirica L. treatments reached40. 73%,36. 10% and 32. 80%,respectively,all of which were significantly higher than that in the corresponding plant-treated soils.Accordingly,the addition of earthworms could significantly promote the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon by plants in the soil.Moreover,the activities of catalase and polyphenol oxidase in the soil increased under the addition of earthworm,indicating that earthworm may stimulate the activities of these two enzymes. Meanwhile,the activities of the two enzymes were significantly and positively correlated with the petroleum hydrocarbon content,suggesting that catalase and polyphenol oxidase were involved in the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon in soil. In summary,our study indicated that earthworm addition could facilitate the remediation efficiency of plants for petroleum pollution in soil,it also demonstrated the probability of earthworm incorporation when using plants to restore petroleum-polluted soils.
Petroleum in soil has become more serious due to the increasing use of petroleum. This study aimed to find an economic and effective remediation solution for petroleum polluted soil with low concentration,and to investigate the effect of earthworm on plant remediation efficiency in petroleum-polluted soil. A 60 d incubation experiment was carried out using an anthropogenic petroleum-polluted soil with two treatments including three different plant varieties treatments( Impatiens balsamina L.,Mirabilis jalapa L.,Iris Sibirica L.)and combined plant plus earthworm( Eisenia Foetda) treatment. The contents of the total petroleum hydrocarbon and the activities of catalase and polyphenol oxidase in the soil were measured at the end of the experiment. Results showed that the removal efficiency of petroleum hydrocarbon in soil under Impatiens balsamina L.,Mirabilis jalapa L.,Iris Sibirica L. treatments were 36. 32%,32. 70% and29. 82%,respectively,and Impatiens balsamina L. had the best remediation effect for petroleum pollution. After adding earthworm,the removal efficiency of petroleum hydrocarbon in soil under Impatiens balsamina L.,Mirabilis jalapa L.,Iris Sibirica L. treatments reached40. 73%,36. 10% and 32. 80%,respectively,all of which were significantly higher than that in the corresponding plant-treated soils.Accordingly,the addition of earthworms could significantly promote the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon by plants in the soil.Moreover,the activities of catalase and polyphenol oxidase in the soil increased under the addition of earthworm,indicating that earthworm may stimulate the activities of these two enzymes. Meanwhile,the activities of the two enzymes were significantly and positively correlated with the petroleum hydrocarbon content,suggesting that catalase and polyphenol oxidase were involved in the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon in soil. In summary,our study indicated that earthworm addition could facilitate the remediation efficiency of plants for petroleum pollution in soil,it also demonstrated the probability of earthworm incorporation when using plants to restore petroleum-polluted soils.
引文
[1]郭婷,张承东,齐建超,等.酵母菌-细菌联合修复石油污染土壤研究[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(12):142-1476.GUO Ting,ZHANG Cengdong,QI Jianchao,et al.Bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil with a microbial mixture of yeast and bacterial[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2009,22(12):142-1476.
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[4] UDO E J,FAYEMI A A A. The effect of oil pollution of soil on germination,growth and nutrient uptake of corn 1[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,1975,4(4):537-540.
[5]肖璇.油菜和向日葵修复Pb污染土壤的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[6] CAI Z,ZHOU Q X,PENG S W,et al.Promoted biodegradation and microbiological effects of petroleum hydrocarbons by Impatiens balsamina L. with strong endurance[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,183(1):731-737.
[7]焦海华,崔丙键,吴尚华,等.紫茉莉对石油污染盐碱土壤微生物群落与石油烃降解的影响[J].环境科学,2013,(9):3471-3478.JIAO Haihua,CUI Bingjian,WU Shanghua,et al. Influence of Mirabilis jalapa Linn. growth on the microbial community and petroleum hydrocarbon degradation in petroleum contaminated saline-alkali soil[J].Environmental Science,2015(9):3471-3478.
[8]王亚男,程立娟,周启星.鸢尾对石油烃污染土壤的修复以及根系代谢分析[J].环境科学,2016,37(4):1531-1538.WANG Yanan,CHENG Lijuan,ZHOU Qixing. Phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soils with Iris pseudacorus L. and the metabolic analysis in roots[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(4):1531-1538.
[9] NAHMANI J,HODSON M E,BLACK S. A review of studies performed to assess metal uptake by earthworms[J].Environmental Pollution,2007,145(2):402-424.
[10] RAMADASS K,MEGHARAJ M,VENKATESWALU K,et al.Ecological implications of motor oil pollution:earthworm survival and soil health[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2015,85:72-81.
[11] LATTAUD C,ZHANG B G,LOCATI S,et al. Activities of the digestive enzymes in the gut and in tissue culture of a tropical geophagous earthworm,Polypheretima elongata(Megascolecidae)[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1997,29(3/4):335-339.
[12]王丹丹,李辉信,胡锋,等.蚯蚓活动对锌污染土壤微生物群落结构及酶活性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2006,15(3):538-542.WANG Dandan,LI Huixin,HU Feng,et al. Effects of earthworm activities on the functional diversity of soil microbial community in the eco-filter[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2006,15(3):538-542.
[13] AMEH A O,MOHAMMED-DABO I A,IBRAHIM S,et al.Effect of earthworm inoculation on the bioremediation of used engine oil contaminated soil[J]. International Journal of Biological&Chemical Sciences,2012,6(1):493-503.
[14] EKPERUSI O A,AIGBODIN F I. Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons from crude oil-contaminated soil with the earthworm:Hyperiodrilus africanus[J].Biotech,2015,5(6):957-965.
[15]单监利,张志,朱维琴,等.畜粪、木屑混合物蚯蚓堆制过程中蚓体生长的影响因素研究[J].杭州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,10(6):491-496.SHAN Jianli,ZHANG Zhi,ZHU Weiqin,et al. Study on affecting factors of earthworm growth in the vermicomposting of animal manure with sawdust[J],Hangzhou Normal University,2011,10(6):491-496.
[16] COUYO M N,BORGES J R,GUEDES P,et al. An improved method for the determination of petroleum hydrocarbons from soil using a simple ultrasonic extraction and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry[J].Liquid Fuels Technology,2014,32(4):426-432.
[17] FAN X,ZHAO X D,YANG D Z,et al. Determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons content in beach sediment by optimizing ultrasonic extraction[J].Applied Chemical Industry,2015,44(7):1206-1209.
[18] KANWR M K,PAL S,BHARDWAJ R. Involvement of AsadaHalliwell pathway during phytoremediation of chromium(VI)in Brassica juncea L. plants[J]. International Journal of Phytoremediation,2015,17(12):1237-1243.
[19] REILLEY K A,BANKS M K,SCHWAB A P. Dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the rhizosphere[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,1996,25(2):212-219.
[20] ANDERSON T A,GUTHRIE E A,WLTON B T.Bioremediation in the rhizosphere[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1993,27(13):2630-2636.
[21] YU Y, ZHOU Q. Degradation-detoxification behavior of methamidophos in phaiozem and burozem rhizosphere[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(9):1761-1764.
[22] KHAN M I,CHEEMA S A,SHEN C,et al. Assessment of phenanthrene bioavailability in aged and unaged soils by mild extraction[J]. Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2012,184(1):549-559.
[23]赵媛媛,张万坤,马慧,等.降解菌ZQ5与紫茉莉对芘污染土壤的联合修复[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(7):2752-2756.ZHAO Yuanyuan,ZHANG Wankun,MA Hui,et al. Microbialphytoremediation of pyrene contaminated soil using pyrenedegrading strain ZQ5 with Mirabilis Jalapa[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,7(7):2752-2756.
[24] WINDING A,RONN R,HENDRIKSEN N B.Bacteria and protozoa in soil microhabitats as affected by earthworms[J]. Biology&Fertility of Soils,1997,24(2):133-140.
[25]程京川,董玉吉.石油化工中苯酚的处理[J].化工管理,2015(2):226.CHENG Jingchuan,DONG Yuji.Potential application of earthworm for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals[J].Chemical Enterprise Management,2015(2):226.
[26] FRNCO I,CONTIN M,BRAGATO G,et al. Microbiological resilience of soils contaminated with crude oil[J].Geoderma,2004,121(1):17-30.
[27]宫璇,李培军,张海荣,等.菲对土壤酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(5):981-984.GONG Xuan,LI Peijun,ZHANG Hairong,et al. Effect of phenanthrene contamination on enzyme activity in soil[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2004,23(5):981-984.
[28] CORGiE S C,JONER E J,LEYVAL C.Rhizospheric degradation of phenanthrene is a function of proximity to roots[J]. Plant&Soil,2003,257(1):143-150.
[29]赵媛媛,裴元生,向仁军,等.施用给水厂残泥对南北方不同类型农田土壤质量的影响[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(10):1497-1505.ZHAO Yuanyuan,PEI Yuansheng,XIANG Renjun,et al. Effects of drinking water treatment residuals on the quality of different soils from southern and northern agricultural regions[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(10):1497-1505.
[30] HARIFI-MOOD A R,GHOBADI R,DIVSALAR A. The effect of deep eutectic solvents on catalytic function and structure of bovine liver catalase[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2017,95:115-120.
[31]吴银娟,徐德福,管益东,等.蚯蚓对人工湿地植物抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(8):151-155.WU Yinjuan,XU Defu,GUAN Yidong,et al. Influence of earthworms on anti-oxidative enzyme activity of wetland plants in constructed wetland[J]. Environmental Science&Technology(China),2014,37(8):151-155.
[32]张秀霞,武海杰,白雪晶,等.土壤修复过程中微生物数量、酶活性与石油降解率的关系[J].石油学报(石油加工),2014,30(1):94-99.ZHANG Xiuxia,WU Haijie,BAI Xuejing,et al. Relationship between microorganism population quantity,soil mnzyme activity and oil degradation rate in soil bioremediation[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section),2014,30(1):94-99.
[2]魏样.我国石油污染对土壤酶活性的影响研究现状:基于CNKI数据库文献分析[J].农村经济与科技,2018(9):20-22.
[3] SMITH M J,FLOWER T H,DUNCAN H J,et al. Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on germination and subsequent growth of grasses and legumes in freshly contaminated soil and soil with aged PAHs residues[J]. Environmental Pollution,2006,141(3):519-525.
[4] UDO E J,FAYEMI A A A. The effect of oil pollution of soil on germination,growth and nutrient uptake of corn 1[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,1975,4(4):537-540.
[5]肖璇.油菜和向日葵修复Pb污染土壤的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[6] CAI Z,ZHOU Q X,PENG S W,et al.Promoted biodegradation and microbiological effects of petroleum hydrocarbons by Impatiens balsamina L. with strong endurance[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,183(1):731-737.
[7]焦海华,崔丙键,吴尚华,等.紫茉莉对石油污染盐碱土壤微生物群落与石油烃降解的影响[J].环境科学,2013,(9):3471-3478.JIAO Haihua,CUI Bingjian,WU Shanghua,et al. Influence of Mirabilis jalapa Linn. growth on the microbial community and petroleum hydrocarbon degradation in petroleum contaminated saline-alkali soil[J].Environmental Science,2015(9):3471-3478.
[8]王亚男,程立娟,周启星.鸢尾对石油烃污染土壤的修复以及根系代谢分析[J].环境科学,2016,37(4):1531-1538.WANG Yanan,CHENG Lijuan,ZHOU Qixing. Phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soils with Iris pseudacorus L. and the metabolic analysis in roots[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(4):1531-1538.
[9] NAHMANI J,HODSON M E,BLACK S. A review of studies performed to assess metal uptake by earthworms[J].Environmental Pollution,2007,145(2):402-424.
[10] RAMADASS K,MEGHARAJ M,VENKATESWALU K,et al.Ecological implications of motor oil pollution:earthworm survival and soil health[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2015,85:72-81.
[11] LATTAUD C,ZHANG B G,LOCATI S,et al. Activities of the digestive enzymes in the gut and in tissue culture of a tropical geophagous earthworm,Polypheretima elongata(Megascolecidae)[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1997,29(3/4):335-339.
[12]王丹丹,李辉信,胡锋,等.蚯蚓活动对锌污染土壤微生物群落结构及酶活性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2006,15(3):538-542.WANG Dandan,LI Huixin,HU Feng,et al. Effects of earthworm activities on the functional diversity of soil microbial community in the eco-filter[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2006,15(3):538-542.
[13] AMEH A O,MOHAMMED-DABO I A,IBRAHIM S,et al.Effect of earthworm inoculation on the bioremediation of used engine oil contaminated soil[J]. International Journal of Biological&Chemical Sciences,2012,6(1):493-503.
[14] EKPERUSI O A,AIGBODIN F I. Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons from crude oil-contaminated soil with the earthworm:Hyperiodrilus africanus[J].Biotech,2015,5(6):957-965.
[15]单监利,张志,朱维琴,等.畜粪、木屑混合物蚯蚓堆制过程中蚓体生长的影响因素研究[J].杭州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,10(6):491-496.SHAN Jianli,ZHANG Zhi,ZHU Weiqin,et al. Study on affecting factors of earthworm growth in the vermicomposting of animal manure with sawdust[J],Hangzhou Normal University,2011,10(6):491-496.
[16] COUYO M N,BORGES J R,GUEDES P,et al. An improved method for the determination of petroleum hydrocarbons from soil using a simple ultrasonic extraction and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry[J].Liquid Fuels Technology,2014,32(4):426-432.
[17] FAN X,ZHAO X D,YANG D Z,et al. Determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons content in beach sediment by optimizing ultrasonic extraction[J].Applied Chemical Industry,2015,44(7):1206-1209.
[18] KANWR M K,PAL S,BHARDWAJ R. Involvement of AsadaHalliwell pathway during phytoremediation of chromium(VI)in Brassica juncea L. plants[J]. International Journal of Phytoremediation,2015,17(12):1237-1243.
[19] REILLEY K A,BANKS M K,SCHWAB A P. Dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the rhizosphere[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,1996,25(2):212-219.
[20] ANDERSON T A,GUTHRIE E A,WLTON B T.Bioremediation in the rhizosphere[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1993,27(13):2630-2636.
[21] YU Y, ZHOU Q. Degradation-detoxification behavior of methamidophos in phaiozem and burozem rhizosphere[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(9):1761-1764.
[22] KHAN M I,CHEEMA S A,SHEN C,et al. Assessment of phenanthrene bioavailability in aged and unaged soils by mild extraction[J]. Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2012,184(1):549-559.
[23]赵媛媛,张万坤,马慧,等.降解菌ZQ5与紫茉莉对芘污染土壤的联合修复[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(7):2752-2756.ZHAO Yuanyuan,ZHANG Wankun,MA Hui,et al. Microbialphytoremediation of pyrene contaminated soil using pyrenedegrading strain ZQ5 with Mirabilis Jalapa[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,7(7):2752-2756.
[24] WINDING A,RONN R,HENDRIKSEN N B.Bacteria and protozoa in soil microhabitats as affected by earthworms[J]. Biology&Fertility of Soils,1997,24(2):133-140.
[25]程京川,董玉吉.石油化工中苯酚的处理[J].化工管理,2015(2):226.CHENG Jingchuan,DONG Yuji.Potential application of earthworm for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals[J].Chemical Enterprise Management,2015(2):226.
[26] FRNCO I,CONTIN M,BRAGATO G,et al. Microbiological resilience of soils contaminated with crude oil[J].Geoderma,2004,121(1):17-30.
[27]宫璇,李培军,张海荣,等.菲对土壤酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(5):981-984.GONG Xuan,LI Peijun,ZHANG Hairong,et al. Effect of phenanthrene contamination on enzyme activity in soil[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2004,23(5):981-984.
[28] CORGiE S C,JONER E J,LEYVAL C.Rhizospheric degradation of phenanthrene is a function of proximity to roots[J]. Plant&Soil,2003,257(1):143-150.
[29]赵媛媛,裴元生,向仁军,等.施用给水厂残泥对南北方不同类型农田土壤质量的影响[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(10):1497-1505.ZHAO Yuanyuan,PEI Yuansheng,XIANG Renjun,et al. Effects of drinking water treatment residuals on the quality of different soils from southern and northern agricultural regions[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(10):1497-1505.
[30] HARIFI-MOOD A R,GHOBADI R,DIVSALAR A. The effect of deep eutectic solvents on catalytic function and structure of bovine liver catalase[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2017,95:115-120.
[31]吴银娟,徐德福,管益东,等.蚯蚓对人工湿地植物抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(8):151-155.WU Yinjuan,XU Defu,GUAN Yidong,et al. Influence of earthworms on anti-oxidative enzyme activity of wetland plants in constructed wetland[J]. Environmental Science&Technology(China),2014,37(8):151-155.
[32]张秀霞,武海杰,白雪晶,等.土壤修复过程中微生物数量、酶活性与石油降解率的关系[J].石油学报(石油加工),2014,30(1):94-99.ZHANG Xiuxia,WU Haijie,BAI Xuejing,et al. Relationship between microorganism population quantity,soil mnzyme activity and oil degradation rate in soil bioremediation[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section),2014,30(1):94-99.
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