补饲苜蓿干草对哺乳奶山羊羔羊生长发育及血浆生化指标的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究补饲苜蓿干草对哺乳奶山羊羔羊生长发育及血浆生化指标的影响。试验选择16只2周龄左右、体重[(4.56±0.71) kg]相近的健康西农萨能奶山羊公羔,随机选取其中4只羔羊试验前屠宰后采样作为基础对照组,其余12只随机分配到2个试验组,每组6只羊,Hay-2组从2周龄开始补饲苜蓿干草,Hay-8组从8周龄开始补饲苜蓿干草。试验期为14周。结果显示:1) Hay-2组的羔羊断奶后(10～16周龄)的精料干物质采食量和10周龄时的平均日增重明显高于Hay-8组。2) Hay-2组和Hay-8组之间羔羊16周龄时瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃和肝脏重量均未无显著差异(P>0.05)。3) Hay-2组羔羊的瘤胃乳头宽度和黏膜下层厚度显著高于Hay-8组(P<0.05),而Hay-2组羔羊的瘤胃肌层厚度显著低于Hay-8组(P<0.05)。4)Hay-8组和Hay-2组之间羔羊的血浆总蛋白、尿素氮、葡萄糖和甘油三酯含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。以上结果提示,早期(2周龄)补饲苜蓿干草不仅能够缓解断奶对奶山羊羔羊饲料干物质采食量和平均日增重的影响,还能够促进瘤胃乳头发育,同时不会造成血浆生化指标的异常。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplementation of alfalfa hay on growth and development and plasma biochemical indices of dairy goat kids. Sixteen healthy Xinong Saanen male dairy goat kids at 2 weeks of age with similar body weight [( 4.56±0.71) kg]were selected,four of them were colleced samples after slaughter as the basal control group before experiment starting. The other 12 goats were randomly assigned to two experimental group with 6 goats per group,goats in Hay-2 group were supplementary feeding alfalfa hay from 2 weeks of age,and goats in Hay-8 group were supplementary feeding alfalfa hay from 8 weeks of age. The experiment lasted for 14 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1) the concentrate dry matter intake after weaning( 10 to 16 weeks of age) and average daily intake at 10 weeks of age of goat kids in Hay-2 group were higher than those of Hay-8 group. 2) There were no significant differences in weights of rumen,reticulum,omasum,abomasum and liver of goat kids at 16 weeks of age between Hay-2 group and Hay-8 group( P>0.05). 3) The rumen papillaes width and submucosa thickness in Hay-2 group were significantly higher than those in Hay-8 group( P<0.05),and the rumen muscular layer thickness in Hay-2 group was significantly lower than that in Hay-8 group( P<0.05). 4) There were no significant differences in the contents of total protein,urea nitrogen,glucose and triglyceride in plasma of goat kids between Hay-2 group and Hay-8 group( P>0.05). The results suggested that early( 2 weeks of age) supplementation of alfalfa hay is able to relieve the effect of weaning on feed dry matter intake and average daily gain of dairy goat kids,and enhances the development of rumen papilla without causing abnormal changes of plasma biochemical indices.
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplementation of alfalfa hay on growth and development and plasma biochemical indices of dairy goat kids. Sixteen healthy Xinong Saanen male dairy goat kids at 2 weeks of age with similar body weight [( 4.56±0.71) kg]were selected,four of them were colleced samples after slaughter as the basal control group before experiment starting. The other 12 goats were randomly assigned to two experimental group with 6 goats per group,goats in Hay-2 group were supplementary feeding alfalfa hay from 2 weeks of age,and goats in Hay-8 group were supplementary feeding alfalfa hay from 8 weeks of age. The experiment lasted for 14 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1) the concentrate dry matter intake after weaning( 10 to 16 weeks of age) and average daily intake at 10 weeks of age of goat kids in Hay-2 group were higher than those of Hay-8 group. 2) There were no significant differences in weights of rumen,reticulum,omasum,abomasum and liver of goat kids at 16 weeks of age between Hay-2 group and Hay-8 group( P>0.05). 3) The rumen papillaes width and submucosa thickness in Hay-2 group were significantly higher than those in Hay-8 group( P<0.05),and the rumen muscular layer thickness in Hay-2 group was significantly lower than that in Hay-8 group( P<0.05). 4) There were no significant differences in the contents of total protein,urea nitrogen,glucose and triglyceride in plasma of goat kids between Hay-2 group and Hay-8 group( P>0.05). The results suggested that early( 2 weeks of age) supplementation of alfalfa hay is able to relieve the effect of weaning on feed dry matter intake and average daily gain of dairy goat kids,and enhances the development of rumen papilla without causing abnormal changes of plasma biochemical indices.
引文
[1]祁敏丽,刁其玉,张乃锋.羔羊瘤胃发育及其影响因素研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(9):77-81.
[2] ZˇITNAN R,VOIGT J,SCHNHUSEN U,et al.Influence of dietary concentrate to forage ratio on the development of rumen mucosa in calves[J]. Archiv Für Tierernaehrung,1998,51(4):279-291.
[3]解彪,张乃锋,张春香,等.粗饲料对幼龄反刍动物瘤胃发育的影响及其作用机制[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(4):1245-1252.
[4] NEMATI M,AMANLOU H,KHORVASH M,et al.Rumen fermentation,blood metabolites,and grow th performance of calves during transition from liquid to solid feed:effects of dietary level and particle size of alfalfa hay[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(10):7131-7141.
[5]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1993:17-21.
[6]李钰,刘佳,韦丹丹,等.动物病理组织切片制作方法改良的探讨[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014(15):154-157.
[7] GNCS,BO GA M,KILI,et al. Effects of feeding regime w ithout roughage on performances and rumen development of calves during prew eaning period[J]. Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi,2010,16(2):123-128.
[8] NOROUZIAN M A,VALIZADEH R,VAHMANI P.Rumen development and grow th of Balouchi lambs offered alfalfa hay pre-and post-w eaning[J]. Tropical Animal Health and Production,2011,43(6):1169-1174.
[9] KHAN M A,WEARY D M,VON KEYSERLINGK M A G. Hay intake improves performance and rumen development of calves fed higher quantities of milk[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(7):3547-3553.
[10] STOBO I J F,ROY J H B,GASTON H J.Rumen development in the calf. 2. The effect of diets containing different proportions of concentrates to hay on digestive efficiency[J]. British Journal of Nutrition,1966,20(2):189-215.
[11]王世琴.补饲料NDF水平对哺乳羔羊消化道发育的影响[D].硕士学位论文.兰州:甘肃农业大学,2013:4-20.
[12] OVERVEST M A,BERGERON R,HALEY D B,et al.Effect of feed type and method of presentation on feeding behavior,intake,and grow th of dairy calves fed a high level of milk[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(1):317-327.
[13]张科.陕北白绒山羊0~56日龄羔羊胃肠道发育及瘤胃微生物区系研究[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017:19-30.
[14]王立斌.在饲喂开食料的基础上补饲苜蓿对犊牛胃肠道发育的影响[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2013:26-35.
[15] POE S E,GLIMP H A,DEWEESE W P,et al.Effect of pre-w eaning diet on the grow th and development of early-w eaned lambs[J]. Journal of Animal Science,1969,28(3):401-405.
[16] YANG B,HE B,WANG S S,et al.Early supplementation of starter pellets w ith alfalfa improves the performance of pre-and postw eaning Hu lambs[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2015,93(10):4984-4994.
[17]王天河.营养限制与补偿对蒙古羔羊血常规和瘤胃及盲肠生长发育影响[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2017:15-25.
[18]刘玉洁.高谷物日粮对山羊瘤胃微生物区系和瘤胃、血清、肝脏中代谢物组成的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2015:44-48.
[19]杨宏波,刘红,占今舜,等.不同精粗比颗粒饲料对断奶公犊牛瘤胃发酵参数和微生物的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(12):131-138.
[20]马俊南,刁其玉,齐志国,等.不同固液比例饲喂模式对断奶前后犊牛营养物质代谢及瘤胃发酵的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(6):1930-1939.
[21]杨斌.早期补饲苜蓿调节幼龄湖羊生长和瘤胃发育的机制研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2017:16-56.
[22]王龙坛,焦卫民,罗军,等.不同培育方案对西农萨能羊羔羊生长发育及血液生化指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2009,41(12):39-43.
[2] ZˇITNAN R,VOIGT J,SCHNHUSEN U,et al.Influence of dietary concentrate to forage ratio on the development of rumen mucosa in calves[J]. Archiv Für Tierernaehrung,1998,51(4):279-291.
[3]解彪,张乃锋,张春香,等.粗饲料对幼龄反刍动物瘤胃发育的影响及其作用机制[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(4):1245-1252.
[4] NEMATI M,AMANLOU H,KHORVASH M,et al.Rumen fermentation,blood metabolites,and grow th performance of calves during transition from liquid to solid feed:effects of dietary level and particle size of alfalfa hay[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(10):7131-7141.
[5]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1993:17-21.
[6]李钰,刘佳,韦丹丹,等.动物病理组织切片制作方法改良的探讨[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014(15):154-157.
[7] GNCS,BO GA M,KILI,et al. Effects of feeding regime w ithout roughage on performances and rumen development of calves during prew eaning period[J]. Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi,2010,16(2):123-128.
[8] NOROUZIAN M A,VALIZADEH R,VAHMANI P.Rumen development and grow th of Balouchi lambs offered alfalfa hay pre-and post-w eaning[J]. Tropical Animal Health and Production,2011,43(6):1169-1174.
[9] KHAN M A,WEARY D M,VON KEYSERLINGK M A G. Hay intake improves performance and rumen development of calves fed higher quantities of milk[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(7):3547-3553.
[10] STOBO I J F,ROY J H B,GASTON H J.Rumen development in the calf. 2. The effect of diets containing different proportions of concentrates to hay on digestive efficiency[J]. British Journal of Nutrition,1966,20(2):189-215.
[11]王世琴.补饲料NDF水平对哺乳羔羊消化道发育的影响[D].硕士学位论文.兰州:甘肃农业大学,2013:4-20.
[12] OVERVEST M A,BERGERON R,HALEY D B,et al.Effect of feed type and method of presentation on feeding behavior,intake,and grow th of dairy calves fed a high level of milk[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(1):317-327.
[13]张科.陕北白绒山羊0~56日龄羔羊胃肠道发育及瘤胃微生物区系研究[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017:19-30.
[14]王立斌.在饲喂开食料的基础上补饲苜蓿对犊牛胃肠道发育的影响[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2013:26-35.
[15] POE S E,GLIMP H A,DEWEESE W P,et al.Effect of pre-w eaning diet on the grow th and development of early-w eaned lambs[J]. Journal of Animal Science,1969,28(3):401-405.
[16] YANG B,HE B,WANG S S,et al.Early supplementation of starter pellets w ith alfalfa improves the performance of pre-and postw eaning Hu lambs[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2015,93(10):4984-4994.
[17]王天河.营养限制与补偿对蒙古羔羊血常规和瘤胃及盲肠生长发育影响[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2017:15-25.
[18]刘玉洁.高谷物日粮对山羊瘤胃微生物区系和瘤胃、血清、肝脏中代谢物组成的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2015:44-48.
[19]杨宏波,刘红,占今舜,等.不同精粗比颗粒饲料对断奶公犊牛瘤胃发酵参数和微生物的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(12):131-138.
[20]马俊南,刁其玉,齐志国,等.不同固液比例饲喂模式对断奶前后犊牛营养物质代谢及瘤胃发酵的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(6):1930-1939.
[21]杨斌.早期补饲苜蓿调节幼龄湖羊生长和瘤胃发育的机制研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2017:16-56.
[22]王龙坛,焦卫民,罗军,等.不同培育方案对西农萨能羊羔羊生长发育及血液生化指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2009,41(12):39-43.
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