酸、Cd胁迫对宽叶雀稗种子萌发、幼苗生长及亚细胞结构的影响
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摘要
为研究宽叶雀稗(Paspalum wettsteinii)对酸和Cd胁迫可能存在的特殊响应策略,以宽叶雀稗种子为试验材料,采用培养皿滤纸法,设置不同酸(pH为5.5、4.5、3.5)和Cd(5、10、20 mg·L-1)胁迫浓度,测定不同胁迫条件下宽叶雀稗种子萌发、幼苗生长及亚细胞结构等指标。结果表明:酸胁迫对宽叶雀稗种子发芽率具有促进作用,其中pH 4.5具有显著促进作用;pH 3.5处理对宽叶雀稗种子的发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、芽长和生物量等指标具有抑制作用,其他酸胁迫处理则与对照(纯水处理)无显著差异(P>0.05);Cd胁迫条件下宽叶雀稗的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均与对照无显著差异(P>0.05),活力指数、芽长、根长和生物量均随Cd胁迫浓度的增加呈显著降低趋势(P<0.05);pH 3.5和10 mg·L-1Cd胁迫均会对根尖质膜和芽的亚细胞结构造成严重损伤,出现淀粉粒肿胀、断裂,细胞器解体和细胞空泡化等现象。研究表明,宽叶雀稗种子对酸和Cd胁迫有一定的耐性,轻度胁迫会促进种子萌发和幼苗生长。
The species Paspalum wettsteinii is widely grown in acidified and cadmium(Cd)-contaminated soil in Changting Rare Earth Mine, Fujian Province. The species might have special adaptive strategies to acid and Cd stresses. Therefore, an experiment was carried out to evaluate seed germination, seedling growth, and subcellular structure of P. wettsteinii under different stress conditions,namely, acid(pH5.5, 4.5, and 3.5)and Cd stresses(5, 10, and 20 mg·L-1). The results showed that acid stress promoted seed germination, and the pH 4.5treatment had a significant growth promoting effect. The pH 3.5 treatment exhibited inhibitory effects on germination potential, germination index, vigor index, root length, bud length, and biomass of P. wettsteinii seedlings, whereas the effects of other acid stress treatments were not significantly different from those of the control(P>0.05). The germination rate, germination potential, and germination index of the seeds under Cd stress were not significantly different from those of the control(P>0.05), and the vigor index, bud length, root length, andbiomass decreased significantly with the increase in Cd concentration(P<0.05). Both pH 3.5 and 10 mg·L-1 Cd induced serious damage to the plasmalemma of root tip cells and subcellular structure of buds, resulting in starch granule swelling, fracture, cell organelle disintegration, and cell vacuolation. The results revealed that the seeds of P. wettsteinii are tolerant to acid and Cd stresses, and mild stress could promote seed germination and seedling growth.
The species Paspalum wettsteinii is widely grown in acidified and cadmium(Cd)-contaminated soil in Changting Rare Earth Mine, Fujian Province. The species might have special adaptive strategies to acid and Cd stresses. Therefore, an experiment was carried out to evaluate seed germination, seedling growth, and subcellular structure of P. wettsteinii under different stress conditions,namely, acid(pH5.5, 4.5, and 3.5)and Cd stresses(5, 10, and 20 mg·L-1). The results showed that acid stress promoted seed germination, and the pH 4.5treatment had a significant growth promoting effect. The pH 3.5 treatment exhibited inhibitory effects on germination potential, germination index, vigor index, root length, bud length, and biomass of P. wettsteinii seedlings, whereas the effects of other acid stress treatments were not significantly different from those of the control(P>0.05). The germination rate, germination potential, and germination index of the seeds under Cd stress were not significantly different from those of the control(P>0.05), and the vigor index, bud length, root length, andbiomass decreased significantly with the increase in Cd concentration(P<0.05). Both pH 3.5 and 10 mg·L-1 Cd induced serious damage to the plasmalemma of root tip cells and subcellular structure of buds, resulting in starch granule swelling, fracture, cell organelle disintegration, and cell vacuolation. The results revealed that the seeds of P. wettsteinii are tolerant to acid and Cd stresses, and mild stress could promote seed germination and seedling growth.
引文
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[2]胡远伟.重金属矿山废水的硫酸盐还原菌处理研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学, 2017.HU Yuan-wei. Study on the treatment of sulphate reducing bacteria in heavy metal mine wastewater[D]. Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology, 2017.
[3]周建军,周桔,冯仁国.我国土壤重金属污染现状及治理战略[J].中国科学院院刊, 2014, 29(3):315-320, 350.ZHOU Jian-jun, ZHOU Ju, FENG Ren-guo. Status of China′s heavy metal contamination in soil and its remediation strategy[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2014, 29(3):315-320, 350.
[4]王友生.稀土开采对红壤生态系统的影响及其废弃地植被恢复机理研究[D].福州:福建农林大学, 2016.WANG You-sheng. Effect of rare earth mining on red soil ecosystem and revegetation mechanism in its wasteland[D]. Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 2016.
[5]王友生,侯晓龙,吴鹏飞,等.长汀稀土矿废弃地土壤重金属污染特征及其评价[J].安全与环境学报, 2014, 14(4):259-262.WANG You-sheng, HOU Xiao-long, WU Peng-fei, et al. Analysis of the characteristics and the evaluation of heavy metal pollutions in the deserted land-area left-over by the rare earth mining in Changting, Fujian[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2014, 14(4):259-262.
[6]王玉珍,黄晓,蔡丽平,等.不同温度条件下土壤黏着剂对宽叶雀稗种子发芽与幼苗生长的影响[J].草业学报, 2018, 27(4):139-149.WANG Yu-zhen, HUANG Xiao, CAI Li-ping, et al. Effects of soil adhesive on seed germination and seedling growth of Paspalum wettseinii under different temperatures[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(4):139-149.
[7]王友生,吴鹏飞,侯晓龙,等.稀土矿废弃地不同植被恢复模式对土壤肥力的影响[J].生态环境学报, 2015, 24(11):1831-1836.WANG You-sheng, WU Peng-fei, HOU Xiao-long, et al. Effect of different revegetation model on soil properties in abandon mine area of rare earth[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2015, 24(11):1831-1836.
[8]侯晓龙.铅超富集植物金丝草对Pb胁迫的响应机制研究[D].福州:福建农林大学, 2013.HOU Xiao-long. Response mechanism of Pb hyperaccumulator Pogonatherum crinitum to Pb stress[D]. Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 2013.
[9]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.LU Ru-kun. Methods of soil agricultural chemistry analysis[M]. Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2000.
[10] Wang Y S, Yang Z M. Nitric oxide reduces aluminum toxicity by preventing oxidative stress in the roots of Cassia tora L.[J]. Plant&Cell Physiology, 2006, 46(12):1915-1923.
[11]唐琨,朱伟文,周文新,等.土壤pH对植物生长发育影响的研究进展[J].作物研究, 2013, 27(2):207-212.TANG Kun, ZHU Wei-wen, ZHOU Wen-xin, et al. Research progress on effects of soil pH on plant growth and development[J]. Crop Research, 2013, 27(2):207-212.
[12] Siddique M, Siddique M T, Ali S, et al. Macronutrient assessment in apple growing region of Punjab[J]. Soil&Environment, 2009, 28(2):184-192.
[13]王青青,周强,於丙军.水培条件下不同pH值对香根草幼苗形态和生理特性的影响[J].植物资源与环境学报, 2014, 23(3):59-64.WANG Qing-qing, ZHOU Qiang, YU Bing-jun. Effects of different pH values on seedling morphology and physiological characteristics of Vetiveria zizanioides under hydroponic culture[J]. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment, 2014, 23(3):59-64.
[14]徐开杰,史丽丽,王勇锋,等.水培条件下pH值对柳枝稷幼苗生长发育的影响[J].生态学报, 2015, 35(23):7690-7698.XU Kai-jie, SHI Li-li, WANG Yong-feng, et al. Effect of the pH value on switchgrass seedling growth and development in hydroponics[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(23):7690-7698.
[15] Rajjou L, Duval M, Gallardo K, et al. Seed germination and vigor[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2012, 63(3):507-533.
[16] Zhang H, Irving L J, McGill C, et al. The effects of salinity and osmotic stress on barley germination rate:Sodium as an osmotic regulator[J]. Annals of Botany, 2010, 106(6):1027-1035.
[17]何海洋,胡春芹,丁强强,等.不同pH对光皮桦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].西南林业大学学报, 2013, 33(5):29-33, 39.HE Hai-yang, HU Chun-qin, DING Qiang-qiang, et al. Effect of pH value on seed germination and seedling growth of Betula luminifera[J]. Journal of Southwest Forestry University, 2013, 33(5):29-33, 39.
[18]张玉秀,张倩,李霞,等.不同pH与重金属Cd胁迫对紫穗槐萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].环境化学, 2012, 31(10):1569-1574.ZHANG Yu-xiu, ZHANG Qian, LI Xia, et al. Effects of pH and cadmium on the seed germination and seedling growth of Amorpha fruticosa L.[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2012, 31(10):1569-1574.
[19]陶玲,任珺,祝广华,等.重金属对植物种子萌发的影响研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报, 2007, 26(增刊1):52-57.TAO Ling, REN Jun, ZHU Guang-hua, et al. Advance on the effects of heavy metals on seed germination[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2007, 26(Suppl1):52-57.
[20]陈俊任,柳丹,吴家森,等.重金属胁迫对毛竹种子萌发及其富集效应的影响[J].生态学报, 2014, 34(22):6501-6509.CHEN Jun-ren, LIU Dan, WU Jia-sen, et al. Seed germination and metal accumulation of moso bamboo(Phyllostachy pubescens)under heavy metal exposure[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(22):6501-6509.
[21]张大鹏,蔡春菊,范少辉,等.重金属Pb2+和Cd2+对毛竹种子萌发及幼苗早期生长的影响[J].林业科学研究, 2012, 25(4):500-504.ZHANG Da-peng, CAI Chun-ju, FAN Shao-hui, et al. Effects of Pb2+,Cd2+on germination and seedling early growth of moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)seed[J]. Forest Research, 2012, 25(4):500-504.
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