多孔石墨烯的合成及应用
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摘要
石墨烯由于其优异的性能,例如高比表面积、高导电性、良好的热稳定性和优异的机械强度,引起了人们极大的研究兴趣.但是石墨烯本身不具有固有孔隙.为了使其具有固有孔隙,各种多孔石墨烯材料被制备出来,例如,全碳型多孔石墨烯、掺杂型多孔石墨烯及多孔石墨烯复合材料等等.由于多孔石墨烯既能保留原始石墨烯的部分性质,又比原始石墨烯具有更高的比表面积和孔隙体积,它在光电子器件、储能、气体分离/储存、废水分离及光催化等领域都具有巨大的应用前景.本文主要回顾各种多孔石墨烯材料的合成方法以及这些材料在各个领域的应用,并展望了多孔石墨烯材料在合成和应用中的机遇和挑战.
Graphene is an sp2 carbon material having a hexagonal honeycomb lattice in a single-layer twodimensional(2 D) plane due to its excellent properties such as high specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, good thermal stability and excellent mechanical properties. It has already aroused great research interest. Porous graphene refers to a carbon material possessing nano-scale pores in a two-dimensional plane. Due to the introduction of pores, not only the accumulation caused by π-π electron interaction is effectively avoided,but also some properties of the original graphene can be retained for porous graphene with higher specific surface area and pore volume. And also, the band gap of graphene was effectively opened. Therefore, it has great application prospects in the fields of optoelectronic devices, energy storage, gas separation/storage, wastewater separation and photocatalysis. At present, various porous graphene materials(for example, all-carbon porous graphene, doped porous graphene, and porous graphene composite materials, etc.) prepared by chemical synthesis,hydrothermal method, electrochemical reduction method, and template-oriented chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method, have been well applied in various fields. This paper aims to summarize the design and synthesis of various porous graphene materials, and also discusses the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of porous graphene and various potential applications as well as the comparison of various porous graphene structures and properties. And looking forward to future research, it may focus on developing simpler, more convenient synthesis methods and how to accurately control the size, structure, and distribution density of pores in porous graphene,how to precisely control the type and distribution of doping elements, and how to better couple with other materials to obtain better composite materials, making porous graphene more excellent in various applications.
Graphene is an sp2 carbon material having a hexagonal honeycomb lattice in a single-layer twodimensional(2 D) plane due to its excellent properties such as high specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, good thermal stability and excellent mechanical properties. It has already aroused great research interest. Porous graphene refers to a carbon material possessing nano-scale pores in a two-dimensional plane. Due to the introduction of pores, not only the accumulation caused by π-π electron interaction is effectively avoided,but also some properties of the original graphene can be retained for porous graphene with higher specific surface area and pore volume. And also, the band gap of graphene was effectively opened. Therefore, it has great application prospects in the fields of optoelectronic devices, energy storage, gas separation/storage, wastewater separation and photocatalysis. At present, various porous graphene materials(for example, all-carbon porous graphene, doped porous graphene, and porous graphene composite materials, etc.) prepared by chemical synthesis,hydrothermal method, electrochemical reduction method, and template-oriented chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method, have been well applied in various fields. This paper aims to summarize the design and synthesis of various porous graphene materials, and also discusses the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of porous graphene and various potential applications as well as the comparison of various porous graphene structures and properties. And looking forward to future research, it may focus on developing simpler, more convenient synthesis methods and how to accurately control the size, structure, and distribution density of pores in porous graphene,how to precisely control the type and distribution of doping elements, and how to better couple with other materials to obtain better composite materials, making porous graphene more excellent in various applications.
引文
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