氮、磷、钾施用对灯盏花产量和主要提取物收获量的影响
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摘要
通过设置N、P、K不同施肥量处理,研究了施肥量差异对灯盏花(Erigeron breviscapus(Vant.) Hand.-Mazz.)的生长指标、产量、3种主要提取物(野黄芩苷、总咖啡酸酯和总黄酮)含量及单位面积收获量的影响。结果表明,增施N、P肥对植株生长指标具有促进作用。随着N、P、K肥施用量的增加,植株产量逐渐升高,且以施N肥的增产幅度最大。一定范围内施用N肥可导致灯盏花3种主要提取物含量降低,而P、K肥的施用则对此没有影响。3种主要提取物单位面积收获量与产量之间呈极显著正相关,N、P、K肥的施用可以提高灯盏花的产量从而增加3种提取物的收获量。N、P、K肥施用量分别为103.5、126.0、112.5 kg/hm~2时获得的提取物单位面积收获量最大。
We studied the effects of different fertilizers nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K) application rates on the growth index,yield,content,and output per unit area of three extracts(baicalin,total caffeic acid ester,and total flavone) of Erigeron breviscapus(Vant.) Hand.-Mazz.).Results showed that N and P application effectively increased the plant growth index.Yield of E.breviscapus increased with elevated N,P,and K application,with N application resulting in the greatest increase.Content of the three E.breviscapus extracts decreased with the application of N within a certain range,whereas application of P and K had no effect.Output per unit area of the three extracts were positively correlated with E.breviscapus yield.The application of N,P,and K fertilizers increased the yield of E.breviscapus and outputs of the three extracts.The highest output per unit area of the three extracts was achieved at N,P,and K application rates of 103.5,126.0 and 112.5 kg/hm~2,respectively.
We studied the effects of different fertilizers nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K) application rates on the growth index,yield,content,and output per unit area of three extracts(baicalin,total caffeic acid ester,and total flavone) of Erigeron breviscapus(Vant.) Hand.-Mazz.).Results showed that N and P application effectively increased the plant growth index.Yield of E.breviscapus increased with elevated N,P,and K application,with N application resulting in the greatest increase.Content of the three E.breviscapus extracts decreased with the application of N within a certain range,whereas application of P and K had no effect.Output per unit area of the three extracts were positively correlated with E.breviscapus yield.The application of N,P,and K fertilizers increased the yield of E.breviscapus and outputs of the three extracts.The highest output per unit area of the three extracts was achieved at N,P,and K application rates of 103.5,126.0 and 112.5 kg/hm~2,respectively.
引文
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[20]赵峥,龚苏,段承俐,杨生超,丁金玲,萧凤回.氮、磷、钾对灯盏花生长发育及光合色素含量的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2005,20(5):676-679.Zhao Z,Gong S,Duan CL,Yang SC,Ding JL,Su FH.Effects of different N,P and K levels on growth and photosynthetic pigment contents of Erigeron breviscapus[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2005,20(5):676-679.
[21]苏文华,张光飞,王泽明,周鸿.氮、磷和钾肥对灯盏花生长和有效成分积累的影响[J].中草药,2009,40(12):1963-1966.Su WH,Zhang GF,Wang ZM,Zhou H.Effect of N,P,and K fertilizers on growth of Erigeron breviscapus and its active constituents accumulation[J].Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,2009,40(12):1963-1966.
[22]张勇.灯盏细辛原药材总咖啡酸酯含量测定方法探讨[J].海峡药学,2014,26(2):79-80.Zhang Y.Determination of total caffeic acid ester in Erigeron breviscapus[J].Strait Pharmaceutical Journal,2014,26(2):79-80.
[23]苏文华,张光飞,郭晓荣,周睿.钾素对药用植物短葶飞蓬生长和有效成分积累的影响[J].植物分类与资源学报,2011,33(4):396-402.Su WH,Zhang GF,Guo XR,Zhou R.Effects of potassium on the growth and accumulation of active constituents of a medicinal plant Erigeron breviscapus(Asteraceae)[J].Plant Diversity and Resources,2011,33(4):396-402.
[24]苏文华,张光飞,周鸿,郭晓荣,张磊.氮素对短葶飞蓬生长和次生代谢产物积累的影响[J].植物分类与资源学报,2010,32(1):41-46.Su WH,Zhang GF,Zhou H,Guo XR,Zhang L.Effects of nitrogen on the growth and accumulation of secondary metabolites of Erigeron breviscapus(Compositae)[J].Plant Diversity and Resources,2010,32(1):41-46.
[25]张燕,刘勇,王文全,王继永.氮磷钾肥对黄芩产量及黄芩苷含量的影响[J].中药材,2007,30(4):386-388.Zhang Y,Liu Y,Wang WQ,Wang JY.Effects of N,P,Kon yield and baicalin contents of Scutellaria baicalensis[J].Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,2007,30(4):386-388.
[26]秦梦,谢晓亮,温春秀,田伟,刘灵娣,尹春梅.施肥种类和施肥量对菘蓝产量和有效成分含量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(11):147-152.Qin M,Xie XL,Wen CX,Tain W,Liu LT,Yi CM.Effect of different fertilizers with different application amount on yield and active ingredient content of Lsatis indigotica Fort.[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(11):147-152.
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[2]王静,王渭玲,徐福利,曹鲜艳,石福高,等.桔梗氮、磷、钾施肥效应与施肥模式研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(1):196-202.Wang J,Wang WL,Xu FL,Cao XY,Shi FG,et al.Effects and models of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,fertilization for Platycodon grandiflorum[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2012,18(1):196-202.
[3]曾慧杰,王晓明,乔中全,李永欣,蔡能,等.测土配方施肥对金银花产量和质量的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(12):2443-2449.Zeng HJ,Wang XM,Qiao ZQ,Li YX,Cai N,et al.Influence on yield and quality of Lonicera japonica by soil,testing and formulated fertilization[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2017,31(12):2443-2449.
[4]王三英,蔡国军,张宝琳,张广忠,仲玲玲,等.配方施肥对枸杞品质及产量的影响[J].经济林研究,2012,30(3):61-65.Wang SY,Cai GJ,Zhang BL,Zhang GZ,Zhong LL,et al.Influence of formula fertilization on quality and yield in Lycium bararum[J].Nonwood Forest Research,2012,30(3):61-65.
[5]杨燕燕.不同水平氮钾对茅苍术生长及品质的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2016.
[6]何尤,尹红芳,席旭东,晋小军.不同施肥处理对宽叶羌活产量及品质的影响[J].中草药,2009,40(6):958-960.He Y,Yin HF,Xi XD,Jin XJ.Effect of different ways in applying fertilizer on yield and quality of Notopterygium forbesii[J].Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,2009,40(6):958-960.
[7]苏文华,张光飞,周鸿,张亚妮.短葶飞蓬黄酮及咖啡酸酯的含量与土壤氮供应量的关系[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(5)885-892.Su WH,Zhang GF,Zhou H,Zhang YN.Effects of nitrogen availability in soil on the contents of flavonoids and caffeates in a medicinal plant,Erigeron breviscapus[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2009,33(5):885-892.
[8]Sun HD,Zhao QS.A drug for treating cardio-cerebrovascular diseases-phenolic compds of Erigeron breviscapus[J].Prog Chem,2009,21(1):77-83.
[9]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015.
[10]黄洪波,包文芳,杨芳芳,贾英,李康.灯盏花的化学成分研究[J].沈阳药科大学学报,2001,18(4):266-267.Huang HB,Bao WF,Yang FF,Jia Y,Li K.A study on chemical constituents of Erigeron breviscapus(Vant.)Hand.-Mazz[J].Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University,2001,18(4):266-267.
[11]田利华,赵离钟,顾佳,蔡军,余雷.灯盏花素上市品种概况以及新剂型研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(19):3719-3722.Tian LH,Zhao LZ,Gu J,Cai J,Yu L.Breviscapine listed on progress of new varieties and dosage form research[J].China Journal of Chinese Materla Medica,2014,39(19):3719-3722.
[12]Jiang NH,Zhang GH,Zhang JJ,Shu LP,Zhang W,et al.Analysis of the transcriptome of Erigeron breviscapus uncovers putative scutellarin and chlorogenic acids biosynthetic genes and genetic markers[J].PLo S One,2014,9(6):e100357.
[13]张红祥,杨和金,包广雷,黄加文,李艳.灯盏花素主要药效学研究进展[J].云南中医中药杂志,2016,37(2):75-78.Zhang HX,Yang HJ,Bao GL,Huang JW,Li Y.Research progress major pharmacodynamics of breviscapine[J].Yunnan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica,2016,37(2):75-78.
[14]Tian Y,Li Q,Zhou X,Qian P,Yuan J X.A UHPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of twelve constituents from Erigeron breviscapus extract in rat plasma:Application to a pharmacokinetic study[J].J Chromatogr B,2017,1046:1-12.
[15]Liu XN,Cheng J,Zhang GH,Ding WT,Duan LJ,et al.Engineering yeast for the production of breviscapine by genomic analysis and synthetic biology approaches[J].Nat Commun,2018,448(9):1-10.
[16]张燕菊,许志刚,刘智敏,田世杰,张仙丽.真空回流提取-高效液相色谱法测定灯盏花中的槲皮素[J].化学研究,2015,26(2):158-161.Zhang YJ,Xu ZG,Liu ZM,Tian SJ,Zhang XL.Determination of quercetin in Erigeron breviscapus by reflux extraction under vacuum coupled with high performance liquid chromatograph[J].Chemical Research,2015,26(2):158-161.
[17]Wang LW,Li HJ,Li P,Wei YJ,Tang D,et al.Simultaneous quantification of two major classes of constituents in Erigeron breviscapus and its extract injection by RP-HPLC[J].Chromatographia,2007,66(5-6):95-399.
[18]赖宝春,胡先奇,罗文富.云南灯盏花根腐病的2种新病原鉴定及防治药剂的室内筛选[J].植物保护,2014,40(2):141-145.Lai CB,Hu XQ,Luo WF.Indentification of the two new pathogens of root rot disease on Erigeron breviscapus and screening fungicides[J].Plant Protection,2014,40(2):141-145.
[19]张薇,杨生超,张广辉,苏豹.灯盏花遗传改良研究及其策略[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(14):2250-2253.Zhang W,Yang SC,Zhang GH,Su B.Research progress and strategy on genetic improvement of Erigeron breviscapus[J].China Journal of Chinese Materla Medica,2013,38(14):2250-2253.
[20]赵峥,龚苏,段承俐,杨生超,丁金玲,萧凤回.氮、磷、钾对灯盏花生长发育及光合色素含量的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2005,20(5):676-679.Zhao Z,Gong S,Duan CL,Yang SC,Ding JL,Su FH.Effects of different N,P and K levels on growth and photosynthetic pigment contents of Erigeron breviscapus[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2005,20(5):676-679.
[21]苏文华,张光飞,王泽明,周鸿.氮、磷和钾肥对灯盏花生长和有效成分积累的影响[J].中草药,2009,40(12):1963-1966.Su WH,Zhang GF,Wang ZM,Zhou H.Effect of N,P,and K fertilizers on growth of Erigeron breviscapus and its active constituents accumulation[J].Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,2009,40(12):1963-1966.
[22]张勇.灯盏细辛原药材总咖啡酸酯含量测定方法探讨[J].海峡药学,2014,26(2):79-80.Zhang Y.Determination of total caffeic acid ester in Erigeron breviscapus[J].Strait Pharmaceutical Journal,2014,26(2):79-80.
[23]苏文华,张光飞,郭晓荣,周睿.钾素对药用植物短葶飞蓬生长和有效成分积累的影响[J].植物分类与资源学报,2011,33(4):396-402.Su WH,Zhang GF,Guo XR,Zhou R.Effects of potassium on the growth and accumulation of active constituents of a medicinal plant Erigeron breviscapus(Asteraceae)[J].Plant Diversity and Resources,2011,33(4):396-402.
[24]苏文华,张光飞,周鸿,郭晓荣,张磊.氮素对短葶飞蓬生长和次生代谢产物积累的影响[J].植物分类与资源学报,2010,32(1):41-46.Su WH,Zhang GF,Zhou H,Guo XR,Zhang L.Effects of nitrogen on the growth and accumulation of secondary metabolites of Erigeron breviscapus(Compositae)[J].Plant Diversity and Resources,2010,32(1):41-46.
[25]张燕,刘勇,王文全,王继永.氮磷钾肥对黄芩产量及黄芩苷含量的影响[J].中药材,2007,30(4):386-388.Zhang Y,Liu Y,Wang WQ,Wang JY.Effects of N,P,Kon yield and baicalin contents of Scutellaria baicalensis[J].Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,2007,30(4):386-388.
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