腐殖酸钠对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加腐殖酸钠对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响。选择1日龄健康爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡600只,随机分为5组,分别为抗生素对照组(T1)、无抗对照组(T2)和0.1%(T3)、0.3%(T4)、0.5%腐殖酸钠添加组(T5),每组12个重复(公母各6个重复),每个重复10只鸡。试验分2个阶段进行,1～21日龄为试验前期,22～42日龄为试验后期。结果表明:1) 1～21日龄时,抗生素对照组和0.3%腐殖酸钠添加组公鸡的平均日增重显著高于0.1%和0.5%腐殖酸钠添加组(P<0.05)。2)饲粮添加腐殖酸钠对42日龄肉鸡的屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。3) 42日龄时,抗生素对照组公鸡的脾脏指数和母鸡的胸腺指数显著高于无抗对照组和0.1%腐殖酸钠添加组(P<0.05)。4) 21日龄时,0.3%和0.5%腐殖酸钠添加组肉仔鸡的血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著高于抗生素对照组和无抗对照组(P<0.05); 0.5%腐殖酸钠添加组的血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。42日龄时,0.5%腐殖酸钠添加组肉仔鸡的血清IgA和IgM含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。5) 21日龄时,0.3%和0.5%腐殖酸钠添加组肉仔鸡的血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于抗生素对照组、无抗对照组和0.1%腐殖酸钠添加组(P<0.05);而血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于抗生素对照组、无抗对照组和0.1%腐殖酸钠添加组(P<0.05)。42日龄时,抗生素对照组肉仔鸡的血清MDA含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05); 0.3%和0.5%腐殖酸钠添加组的血清T-AOC显著高于抗生素对照组(P <0.05)。综合生产性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力,建议肉仔鸡饲粮中腐殖酸钠的适宜添加剂量为0.3%～0.5%。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sodium humate on growth performance,immune function and antioxidant capacity of broilers. Six hundred 1-day-old healthy Arbor Acres( AA)broilers were randomly allocated into 5 groups with 12 replicates( males and females in half) per group and 10 broilers per replicate. Five groups were antibiotic control group( T1),non-antibiotic control group( T2),0.1%( T3),0.3%( T4) and 0.5% sodium humate supplemental groups( T5),respectively. The experiment included2 stages of early stage from 1 to 21 days of age and later stage from 22 to 42 days of age. The results showed as follows: 1) average daily gain of male broilers in antibiotic control group and 0.3% sodium humate supplemental group was significantly higher than that in 0.1% and 0.5% sodium humate supplemental groups from 1 to 21 days of age( P<0.05). 2) Dietary sodium humate had no significant effects on dressing percentage,semi-eviscerated percentage,eviscerated percentage,breast muscle percentage,leg muscle percentage and abdominal fat percentage of broilers at 42 days of age( P>0.05). 3) Spleen index of male broilers and thymus index of female broilers in antibiotic control group were significantly higher than those in non-antibiotic control group and 0. 1% sodium humate supplemental group at 42 days of age( P<0.05). 4) At 21 days of age,the contents of immunoglobulin A( IgA) and immunoglobulin G( IgG) in serum of broilers in 0. 3% and 0. 5% sodium humate supplemental groups were significantly higher than those in antibiotic control group and non-antibiotic control group( P<0.05),and the content of immunoglobulin M( IgM) in serum in 0. 5% sodium humate supplemental group was significantly higher than that in the other groups( P<0.05). At 42 days of age,the contents of IgA and IgM in serum of broilers in 0.5% sodium humate supplemental group were significantly higher than those in the other groups( P<0.05). 5) At 21 days of age,the content of malonaldehyde( MDA) in serum of broilers in 0.3% and 0.5% sodium humate supplemental groups was significantly lower than that in antibiotic control group,non-antibiotic control group and 0.1% sodium humate supplemental group( P<0.05),and total antioxidant capacity( T-AOC) in serum was significantly higher than that in antibiotic control group,non-antibiotic control group and 0.1% sodium humate supplemental group( P<0.05). At 42 days of age,the content of MDA in serum of broilers in antibiotic control group was significantly higher than that in the other groups( P<0.05),and T-AOC in serum in 0.3% and0.5% sodium humate supplemental groups was significantly higher than that in antibiotic control group( P < 0.05). Combined growth performance,immune function and antioxidant capacity,it is suggested that the appropriate dosage of sodium humate in the diet of broilers is 0. 3% to 0. 5%.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sodium humate on growth performance,immune function and antioxidant capacity of broilers. Six hundred 1-day-old healthy Arbor Acres( AA)broilers were randomly allocated into 5 groups with 12 replicates( males and females in half) per group and 10 broilers per replicate. Five groups were antibiotic control group( T1),non-antibiotic control group( T2),0.1%( T3),0.3%( T4) and 0.5% sodium humate supplemental groups( T5),respectively. The experiment included2 stages of early stage from 1 to 21 days of age and later stage from 22 to 42 days of age. The results showed as follows: 1) average daily gain of male broilers in antibiotic control group and 0.3% sodium humate supplemental group was significantly higher than that in 0.1% and 0.5% sodium humate supplemental groups from 1 to 21 days of age( P<0.05). 2) Dietary sodium humate had no significant effects on dressing percentage,semi-eviscerated percentage,eviscerated percentage,breast muscle percentage,leg muscle percentage and abdominal fat percentage of broilers at 42 days of age( P>0.05). 3) Spleen index of male broilers and thymus index of female broilers in antibiotic control group were significantly higher than those in non-antibiotic control group and 0. 1% sodium humate supplemental group at 42 days of age( P<0.05). 4) At 21 days of age,the contents of immunoglobulin A( IgA) and immunoglobulin G( IgG) in serum of broilers in 0. 3% and 0. 5% sodium humate supplemental groups were significantly higher than those in antibiotic control group and non-antibiotic control group( P<0.05),and the content of immunoglobulin M( IgM) in serum in 0. 5% sodium humate supplemental group was significantly higher than that in the other groups( P<0.05). At 42 days of age,the contents of IgA and IgM in serum of broilers in 0.5% sodium humate supplemental group were significantly higher than those in the other groups( P<0.05). 5) At 21 days of age,the content of malonaldehyde( MDA) in serum of broilers in 0.3% and 0.5% sodium humate supplemental groups was significantly lower than that in antibiotic control group,non-antibiotic control group and 0.1% sodium humate supplemental group( P<0.05),and total antioxidant capacity( T-AOC) in serum was significantly higher than that in antibiotic control group,non-antibiotic control group and 0.1% sodium humate supplemental group( P<0.05). At 42 days of age,the content of MDA in serum of broilers in antibiotic control group was significantly higher than that in the other groups( P<0.05),and T-AOC in serum in 0.3% and0.5% sodium humate supplemental groups was significantly higher than that in antibiotic control group( P < 0.05). Combined growth performance,immune function and antioxidant capacity,it is suggested that the appropriate dosage of sodium humate in the diet of broilers is 0. 3% to 0. 5%.
引文
[1]刘娜,齐景伟,安晓萍,等.腐植酸类物质在动物生产中应用的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(11):79-82.
[2]韩立新,曾宪成.腐植酸及其钠盐在畜牧业中的应用[J].腐殖酸,2012(2):1-7.
[3]康萍,刘福柱,刘敏.腐植酸在动物生产中的应用[J].中国饲料,2003(24):17-18.
[4]刘洋,陈丙波,吴立克.腐植酸在生态养殖中的应用研究进展[J].饲料研究,2012(2):18-21.
[5]姜忠玲,王国志,王林安.腐植酸钠在畜牧兽医中的应用[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2001(12):36-37.
[6]KOCABA GLI N,ALP M,ACAR N,et al.The effects of dietary humate supplementation on broiler growth and carcass yield[J].Poultry Science,2002,81(2):227-230.
[7]YRK M A,GL M,HAYIRLI A,et al.The effects of supplementation of humate and probiotic on egg production and quality parameters during the late laying period in hens[J].Poultry Science,2004,83(1):84-88.
[8]陈国顺,李冲,俞瑞山,等.日粮中添加腐植酸钠对肉仔鸡成活率及生长性能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(7):122-125.
[9]李西强.腐植酸钠对AA肉鸡肌肉生长规律的影响[J].当代畜牧,2014(23):51.
[10]姚春翥,于洪福,施建春,等.腐植酸钠饲料添加剂在养殖业的推广应用[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2004(2):47-48.
[11]蒋安文,刘维华.腐植酸钠兽医药理学研究进展[J].腐植酸,2000(2):8-11.
[12]赵金香,赵义龙,黄金凤,等.腐植酸钠对生长猪免疫水平的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2008(5):36-37.
[13]张辉,冯嘉.腐植酸钠的抑菌作用[J].中国稀土学报,1998,16(3):288.
[14]王玉峰,聂兵,张晓吉,等.褐煤中提取的硝基腐植酸钠对小白鼠的90d喂养毒性试验[J].黑龙江富牧兽医(科技版),2009(11):100-101.
[15]李素芬,巧敏山,阁国红.生化黄腐酸对肉用仔鸡生产性能及免疫器官的影响[J].中国饲料,2000(14):14-15.
[16]程郁昕,陈连花.腐植酸钠对AA肉鸡免疫器官生长发育的影响[J].当代畜牧,2010(7):30-31.
[17]王伟,陈静宏,于伯泉,等.自由基氧化损伤与大骨节病的相关性研究[C]//第七次全国地方病学术会议论文集.济南:中华医学会,2011.
[18]赵海田,王振宇,程翠林,等.松多酚类活性物质抗氧化构效关系与作用机制研究进展[J].食品工业科技,2012,33(2):458-461.
[19]栾富波,谢丽,李俊,等.腐殖酸的氧化还原行为及其研究进展[J].化学通报,2008(11):833-837.
[20]鲁晓翔.黄酮类化合物抗氧化作用机制研究进展[J].食品研究与开发,2012,33(3):220-224.
[2]韩立新,曾宪成.腐植酸及其钠盐在畜牧业中的应用[J].腐殖酸,2012(2):1-7.
[3]康萍,刘福柱,刘敏.腐植酸在动物生产中的应用[J].中国饲料,2003(24):17-18.
[4]刘洋,陈丙波,吴立克.腐植酸在生态养殖中的应用研究进展[J].饲料研究,2012(2):18-21.
[5]姜忠玲,王国志,王林安.腐植酸钠在畜牧兽医中的应用[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2001(12):36-37.
[6]KOCABA GLI N,ALP M,ACAR N,et al.The effects of dietary humate supplementation on broiler growth and carcass yield[J].Poultry Science,2002,81(2):227-230.
[7]YRK M A,GL M,HAYIRLI A,et al.The effects of supplementation of humate and probiotic on egg production and quality parameters during the late laying period in hens[J].Poultry Science,2004,83(1):84-88.
[8]陈国顺,李冲,俞瑞山,等.日粮中添加腐植酸钠对肉仔鸡成活率及生长性能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(7):122-125.
[9]李西强.腐植酸钠对AA肉鸡肌肉生长规律的影响[J].当代畜牧,2014(23):51.
[10]姚春翥,于洪福,施建春,等.腐植酸钠饲料添加剂在养殖业的推广应用[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2004(2):47-48.
[11]蒋安文,刘维华.腐植酸钠兽医药理学研究进展[J].腐植酸,2000(2):8-11.
[12]赵金香,赵义龙,黄金凤,等.腐植酸钠对生长猪免疫水平的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2008(5):36-37.
[13]张辉,冯嘉.腐植酸钠的抑菌作用[J].中国稀土学报,1998,16(3):288.
[14]王玉峰,聂兵,张晓吉,等.褐煤中提取的硝基腐植酸钠对小白鼠的90d喂养毒性试验[J].黑龙江富牧兽医(科技版),2009(11):100-101.
[15]李素芬,巧敏山,阁国红.生化黄腐酸对肉用仔鸡生产性能及免疫器官的影响[J].中国饲料,2000(14):14-15.
[16]程郁昕,陈连花.腐植酸钠对AA肉鸡免疫器官生长发育的影响[J].当代畜牧,2010(7):30-31.
[17]王伟,陈静宏,于伯泉,等.自由基氧化损伤与大骨节病的相关性研究[C]//第七次全国地方病学术会议论文集.济南:中华医学会,2011.
[18]赵海田,王振宇,程翠林,等.松多酚类活性物质抗氧化构效关系与作用机制研究进展[J].食品工业科技,2012,33(2):458-461.
[19]栾富波,谢丽,李俊,等.腐殖酸的氧化还原行为及其研究进展[J].化学通报,2008(11):833-837.
[20]鲁晓翔.黄酮类化合物抗氧化作用机制研究进展[J].食品研究与开发,2012,33(3):220-224.
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