2015—2017年北京市12个区职业病危害防治评估情况
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摘要
目的评估北京市职业病危害防治工作现状,强化用人单位职业病危害防治工作的有效落实,加强区县职业病防治监督管理。方法采用抽样调查的方法,于2015—2017年对北京市12个区的289家企业进行资料审查及现场审查,评估用人单位和区县安全生产监督管理部门的职业病危害防治工作。结果 2015—2017年289家被评估企业职业卫生负责人和管理人员培训总合格率为94.81%,3年合格率呈逐年上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ_(趋势)~2=6.194,P<0.05)。劳动者职业卫生培训总合格率为82.35%,不同年度合格率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.425,P>0.05)。劳动者职业健康检查总合格率为78.89%,每年合格率呈逐年上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ_(趋势)~2=16.778,P<0.01)。作业场所职业病危害因素检测总合格率为91.35%,不同年度合格率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.896,P>0.05)。作业场所职业病危害告知总合格率为85.47%,不同年度合格率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.654,P<0.05)。工作场所警示标识设置总合格率为87.20%,不同年度合格率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=16.663,P<0.01)。2015—2017年职业病防治监督覆盖率分别为83.13%、97.44%和85.81%。结论通过3年的评估工作,北京市职业病危害防治工作取得了一定的成效,建议进一步落实用人单位主体责任,提升职业卫生监管能力和水平。
[Objective]To evaluate the status of occupational hazard control in Beijing,strengthen the effective implementation of occupational hazard control in enterprises,and reinforce the supervision and management of occupational disease prevention in district/country.[Methods]Using sampling survey method,289 enterprises from 12 districts/countries in Beijing were randomly collected from 2015-2017. Material check and field investigation methods were used to evaluate occupational hazard controlling work of enterprises and work safety supervision and administration departments in districts/countries.[Results]The total qualified rate of training in the person-in-charge and administrative personnel of occupational health was 94.81%,the qualified rate had a increasing tendency in three years,and the difference was statistically significant(χ_(tendency)~2=6.194,P<0.05).The total qualified rate of training in employees was 82.35%,and there was no statistically significant difference in qualified rate between different years(χ~2=0.425,P>0.05). The total qualified rate of occupational health examination in employees was 78.89%,the qualified rates had a increasing tendency from year by year,and the difference was statistically significant(χ_(tendency)~2=16.778,P<0.05). The total qualified rate of occupational hazard factors detection was 91.57%,and there was no statistically significant difference in qualified rate between different years(χ~2=0.896,P>0.05). The total qualified rate of occupational hazard factors notification in workplace was 85.47%, and there was statistically significant difference in qualified rate between different years(χ~2=7.654,P<0.05). The total qualified rate of posting warning labels in workplace was 87.20%,and there was statistically significant difference in qualified rate between different years(χ~2=16.663,P<0.05). The coverage rate of occupational hazard control supervision was respectively 83.13%,97.44% and 85.81% from 2015-2017.[Conclusion]Through three years of evaluation work, the control of occupational hazards in Beijing has made certain effect,it is still necessary to further implement the employer's main responsibility to improve the occupational health supervision capability.
[Objective]To evaluate the status of occupational hazard control in Beijing,strengthen the effective implementation of occupational hazard control in enterprises,and reinforce the supervision and management of occupational disease prevention in district/country.[Methods]Using sampling survey method,289 enterprises from 12 districts/countries in Beijing were randomly collected from 2015-2017. Material check and field investigation methods were used to evaluate occupational hazard controlling work of enterprises and work safety supervision and administration departments in districts/countries.[Results]The total qualified rate of training in the person-in-charge and administrative personnel of occupational health was 94.81%,the qualified rate had a increasing tendency in three years,and the difference was statistically significant(χ_(tendency)~2=6.194,P<0.05).The total qualified rate of training in employees was 82.35%,and there was no statistically significant difference in qualified rate between different years(χ~2=0.425,P>0.05). The total qualified rate of occupational health examination in employees was 78.89%,the qualified rates had a increasing tendency from year by year,and the difference was statistically significant(χ_(tendency)~2=16.778,P<0.05). The total qualified rate of occupational hazard factors detection was 91.57%,and there was no statistically significant difference in qualified rate between different years(χ~2=0.896,P>0.05). The total qualified rate of occupational hazard factors notification in workplace was 85.47%, and there was statistically significant difference in qualified rate between different years(χ~2=7.654,P<0.05). The total qualified rate of posting warning labels in workplace was 87.20%,and there was statistically significant difference in qualified rate between different years(χ~2=16.663,P<0.05). The coverage rate of occupational hazard control supervision was respectively 83.13%,97.44% and 85.81% from 2015-2017.[Conclusion]Through three years of evaluation work, the control of occupational hazards in Beijing has made certain effect,it is still necessary to further implement the employer's main responsibility to improve the occupational health supervision capability.
引文
[1]叶研,林英,李征,等. 2014年北京市三区县职业病危害防治工作评估结果[J].职业与健康,2015,31(19):2715-2718.
[2]国家安全监管总局办公厅.国家安全监管总局印发《用人单位职业病危害告知与警示标识管理规范》[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(11):186.
[3]吴荣良.落实企业主体责任强化职业卫生培训[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2016,34(1):90.
[4]韩颖.探索推进职业病危害防治评估工作[J].劳动保护,2014(10):98-99.
[5]国家安全监管总局办公厅.国家安全监管总局关于开展职业病危害防治评估工作的通知[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(1):58.
[6]张宏波.职业病危害防治评估势在必行[J].劳动保护,2013(12):86-87.
[7]国务院办公厅.国务院办公厅关于印发《国家职业病防治规划(2016—2020年)》的通知[J].中国工业医学杂志,2017,30(1):3-5.
[8]张维.盘锦市工业企业职业病危害告知落实情况调查[J].中国卫生工程学,2017,16(5):575-577.
[9]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.职业健康监护技术规范[S/OL].(2014-06-10)[2018-08-21]. http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/zwgkzt/pyl/201406/3b708e4fb8214dd 4a03637fe4967b4fe.shtm.
[10]张淑奁.职业病危害因素检测在职业卫生监管工作中的应用[J].现代预防医学,2010,37(5):811-812.
[11]王焕珍.职业病危害因素检测评价工作的质量控制[J].河南职工医学院学报,2014,26(3):334-335.
[12]郭威,张云军.对企业用《职业病危害因素告知书》替代《劳动合同》必备条款做法的法律分析[J].职业卫生与病伤,2017,32(4):247-249.
[13]赵志愿,陆启鹏.工作场所职业危害警示标识的设置[J].安全生产与监督,2012(3):60-61.
[14]中国职业医学编辑部.工作场所职业病危害警示标识[J].中国职业医学,2018,42(2):218.
[2]国家安全监管总局办公厅.国家安全监管总局印发《用人单位职业病危害告知与警示标识管理规范》[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(11):186.
[3]吴荣良.落实企业主体责任强化职业卫生培训[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2016,34(1):90.
[4]韩颖.探索推进职业病危害防治评估工作[J].劳动保护,2014(10):98-99.
[5]国家安全监管总局办公厅.国家安全监管总局关于开展职业病危害防治评估工作的通知[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(1):58.
[6]张宏波.职业病危害防治评估势在必行[J].劳动保护,2013(12):86-87.
[7]国务院办公厅.国务院办公厅关于印发《国家职业病防治规划(2016—2020年)》的通知[J].中国工业医学杂志,2017,30(1):3-5.
[8]张维.盘锦市工业企业职业病危害告知落实情况调查[J].中国卫生工程学,2017,16(5):575-577.
[9]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.职业健康监护技术规范[S/OL].(2014-06-10)[2018-08-21]. http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/zwgkzt/pyl/201406/3b708e4fb8214dd 4a03637fe4967b4fe.shtm.
[10]张淑奁.职业病危害因素检测在职业卫生监管工作中的应用[J].现代预防医学,2010,37(5):811-812.
[11]王焕珍.职业病危害因素检测评价工作的质量控制[J].河南职工医学院学报,2014,26(3):334-335.
[12]郭威,张云军.对企业用《职业病危害因素告知书》替代《劳动合同》必备条款做法的法律分析[J].职业卫生与病伤,2017,32(4):247-249.
[13]赵志愿,陆启鹏.工作场所职业危害警示标识的设置[J].安全生产与监督,2012(3):60-61.
[14]中国职业医学编辑部.工作场所职业病危害警示标识[J].中国职业医学,2018,42(2):218.