南澳海域龙须菜和篮子鱼重金属含量及食用安全分析
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摘要
大型海藻龙须菜能吸收营养盐,改善养殖海区水质,同时还可被直接食用并作为鲍及篮子鱼等水生经济动物的饵料。为调查大型海藻和篮子鱼的食用风险,于2014年12月至2015年6月采集南澳岛深澳湾养殖海域龙须菜栽培区、鱼类养殖区、贝类养殖区、过渡区和对照海域不同功能区样品。结果显示,龙须菜能富集水中的重金属离子但不同季节富集能力(BCF)不同,富集能力最大值出现在5月份,分别为Cr(2.45×10~5)、Zn(1.67×10~5)、Pb(1.14×10~5)和Cd(0.16×10~5)。调查海域篮子鱼Cd(0.045×10~(-6)~2.916×10~(-6)),Cr(0.57×10~(-6)~49.185×10~(-6))和Pb(0.12×10~(-6)~1.452×10~(-6))含量均超过国家食品中污染物限量标准。龙须菜和篮子鱼非消化器官的生物放大因子(BMF)均较低,表明篮子鱼非消化器官对重金属的吸附主要来源于海水。研究结果表明,龙须菜和篮子鱼体内Cd、Cr和Pb含量分别超过了国家食品中污染物限量标准中的蔬菜和鱼类食用安全标准,因此,龙须菜及篮子鱼的食用安全应引起关注。
Gracilaria lemaneiformis has the potential to remove excess of nutrients in coastal areas,and are of high economical value,such as food for human,fodder,and raw materials for agar industry. In the present study,samples were collected from five functional zones in Nan'ao island: G. lemaneiformis culture zone,fish culture zone,shellfish culture zone,transition zone and control zones from December,2014 to June,2015. Results showed that G. lemaneiformis had different adsorption capacities in different months. G. lemaneiformis showed the highest heavy metal bioconcentration factor( BCF) in May,2015,with the values of 2. 45 × 10~5 for Cr,1. 67 × 10~5 for Zn,1. 14 × 10~5 for Pb and 0. 16 × 10~5 for Cd,respectively. The heavy metal concentration of Cd( 0. 045 × 10~(-6)~ 2. 916 × 10~(-6)),Cr( 0. 57 × 10~(-6)~ 49. 185× 10~(-6)) and Pb( 0. 12 × 10~(-6)~ 1. 452 × 10~(-6)) in S. oramin exceeded the Chinese Food Standard. The biomagnification factors( BMF) was low in both G. lemaneiformis and non-digestive organs of S. oramin,which suggested thatheavy metals in S. oramin were mainly absorbed from seawater. Results showed that the concentrations of Cd,Cr and Pb in G. lemaneiformis and S. oramin exceeded the Chinese vegetables and fish Food Standard,respectively. Therefore,more attentions should be paid on heavy metal concentrations and pollution in G. lemaneiformis and S. oramin.
Gracilaria lemaneiformis has the potential to remove excess of nutrients in coastal areas,and are of high economical value,such as food for human,fodder,and raw materials for agar industry. In the present study,samples were collected from five functional zones in Nan'ao island: G. lemaneiformis culture zone,fish culture zone,shellfish culture zone,transition zone and control zones from December,2014 to June,2015. Results showed that G. lemaneiformis had different adsorption capacities in different months. G. lemaneiformis showed the highest heavy metal bioconcentration factor( BCF) in May,2015,with the values of 2. 45 × 10~5 for Cr,1. 67 × 10~5 for Zn,1. 14 × 10~5 for Pb and 0. 16 × 10~5 for Cd,respectively. The heavy metal concentration of Cd( 0. 045 × 10~(-6)~ 2. 916 × 10~(-6)),Cr( 0. 57 × 10~(-6)~ 49. 185× 10~(-6)) and Pb( 0. 12 × 10~(-6)~ 1. 452 × 10~(-6)) in S. oramin exceeded the Chinese Food Standard. The biomagnification factors( BMF) was low in both G. lemaneiformis and non-digestive organs of S. oramin,which suggested thatheavy metals in S. oramin were mainly absorbed from seawater. Results showed that the concentrations of Cd,Cr and Pb in G. lemaneiformis and S. oramin exceeded the Chinese vegetables and fish Food Standard,respectively. Therefore,more attentions should be paid on heavy metal concentrations and pollution in G. lemaneiformis and S. oramin.
引文
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[2]刘丽,邓时铭,黄向荣,等.浅谈水产动物中的重金属污染[J].河北渔业,2011(7):51-54.
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[10]GB 3097-1997,海水水质标准[S].
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[12]KANG K H,SUI Z H.Removal of eutrophication factors and heavy metal from a closed cultivation system using themacroalgae,Gracilaria sp(Rhodophyta)[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2010,28(6):1127-1130.
[13]王增焕,王许诺,林钦,等.龙须菜对铜、镉的富集特征[J].水产学报,2011,35(8):1233-1239.
[14]刘加飞,谢恩义,孙省利,等.湛江近岸马尾藻中重金属元素含量及富集分析[J].海洋开发与管理,2012,29(11):71-75.
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[19]VISNJIC-JEFTIC Z,JARIC I,JOVANOVIC L,et al.Heavy metal and trace element accumulation in muscle,liver and gills of the Pontic shad(Alosa immaculata Bennet 1835)from the Danube River(Serbia)[J].Microchemical Journal,2010,95(2):341-344.
[20]CANLI M,ATLI G.The relationships between heavy metal(Cd,Cr,Cu,Fe,Pb,Zn)levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species[J].Environmental Pollution,2003,121(1):129-136.
[21]JEZIERSKA B,WITESKA M.Metal toxicity to fish[M].Siedlce,Poland:University of Podlasie,2001.
[22]MARQUEZ M,VODOPIVEZ C,CASAUX R,et al.Metal(Fe,Zn,Mn and Cu)levels in the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps[J].Polar Biology,1998,20(6):404-408.
[23]MORMEDE S,DAVIES I.Heavy metal concentrations in commercial deep-sea fish from theRockall Trough[J].Research of Environmental Science,2001,21(8/9/10):899-916.
[24]CANLI M,AYO,KALAY M.Levels of Heavy Metals(Cd,Pb,Cu,Cr and Ni)in tissue of Cyprinus carpio,Barbus capito and Chondrostoma regium from the Seyhan River,Turkey[J].Turkish Journal of zoology,1998,22(2):149-157.
[25]BURGER J,GOCHFELD M.Mercury in fish available in supermarkets in Illinois:are there regional differences[J].Science of The Total Environment 2006,367(2/3):1010-1016.
[2]刘丽,邓时铭,黄向荣,等.浅谈水产动物中的重金属污染[J].河北渔业,2011(7):51-54.
[3]丘耀文,颜文,王肇鼎,等.大亚湾海水、沉积物和生物体中重金属分布及其生态危害[J].热带海洋学报,2005,24(5):69-76.
[4]谷阳光,杨宇峰,林钦.汕头南澳白沙湾养殖区沉积物重金属形态及潜在生态风险[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(3):333-337.
[5]YANG Y F,CHAI Z Y,WANG Q,et al.Cultivation of seaweed Gracilaria in Chinese coastal waters and its contribution to environmental improvements[J].Algal Research,2015,9:236-244.
[6]沈春燕,冯波,卢伙胜.茂名放鸡岛海域水体重金属的分布与污染评价[J].海洋通报,2008,27(5):116-120.
[7]LAVOIE R A,HEBERT C E,RAIL J F,et al.Trophic structure and mercury distribution in a Gulf of St.Lawrence(Canada)food web using stable isotope analysis[J].Science of The Total Environment,2010,408(22):5529-5539.
[8]BARRON M G.Bioaccumulation andbioconcentration in aquatic organisms[M]//HOFFMAN D J,RATTNER B A,BURTON Jr G A,et al.Handbook of Ecotoxicology.Boca Raton,Florida:Lewis Publishers,1995:652-666.
[9]于涛.南海海水中溶解态铜、铅、锌、镉环境背景值的初步研究[J].台湾海峡,2003,22(3):329-333.
[10]GB 3097-1997,海水水质标准[S].
[11]GB 2762-2005,食品中污染物限量[S].
[12]KANG K H,SUI Z H.Removal of eutrophication factors and heavy metal from a closed cultivation system using themacroalgae,Gracilaria sp(Rhodophyta)[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2010,28(6):1127-1130.
[13]王增焕,王许诺,林钦,等.龙须菜对铜、镉的富集特征[J].水产学报,2011,35(8):1233-1239.
[14]刘加飞,谢恩义,孙省利,等.湛江近岸马尾藻中重金属元素含量及富集分析[J].海洋开发与管理,2012,29(11):71-75.
[15]FAO/WHO.List of maximum levels recommended for contaminants by the Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission.Second Series[M].Rome:FAO/WHO,1984:1-8.
[16]Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants[S].CCFAC,2001.
[17]KENDRICK M H,MOY M T,PLISHKA M J,et al.Metals and biological systems[M].Chichester,UK:Ellis Horwood Ltd.,1992.
[18]AL-YOUSUF M H,EL-SHAHAWI M S,AL-GHAIS S M.Trace metals in liver,skin and muscle of Lethrinus lentjan fish species in relation to body length and sex[J].Science of The Total Environment,2000,256(2/3):87-94.
[19]VISNJIC-JEFTIC Z,JARIC I,JOVANOVIC L,et al.Heavy metal and trace element accumulation in muscle,liver and gills of the Pontic shad(Alosa immaculata Bennet 1835)from the Danube River(Serbia)[J].Microchemical Journal,2010,95(2):341-344.
[20]CANLI M,ATLI G.The relationships between heavy metal(Cd,Cr,Cu,Fe,Pb,Zn)levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species[J].Environmental Pollution,2003,121(1):129-136.
[21]JEZIERSKA B,WITESKA M.Metal toxicity to fish[M].Siedlce,Poland:University of Podlasie,2001.
[22]MARQUEZ M,VODOPIVEZ C,CASAUX R,et al.Metal(Fe,Zn,Mn and Cu)levels in the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps[J].Polar Biology,1998,20(6):404-408.
[23]MORMEDE S,DAVIES I.Heavy metal concentrations in commercial deep-sea fish from theRockall Trough[J].Research of Environmental Science,2001,21(8/9/10):899-916.
[24]CANLI M,AYO,KALAY M.Levels of Heavy Metals(Cd,Pb,Cu,Cr and Ni)in tissue of Cyprinus carpio,Barbus capito and Chondrostoma regium from the Seyhan River,Turkey[J].Turkish Journal of zoology,1998,22(2):149-157.
[25]BURGER J,GOCHFELD M.Mercury in fish available in supermarkets in Illinois:are there regional differences[J].Science of The Total Environment 2006,367(2/3):1010-1016.