动压影响下双断层区域覆岩运移特征研究
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摘要
通过现场监测和相似模拟的手段,分析了双断层区域内锚杆载荷的变化与上覆岩层运动及变形破坏特征之间的关系,研究了双断层共同作用下顶板应力突变特征,揭示了顶板岩层不规则断裂的机理。研究结果显示,顶板锚杆载荷的变化与顶板活动关系密切,顶板活动越剧烈,锚杆载荷变化越大;如果顶板较为坚硬,且不易断裂,则锚固于顶板中的锚杆受顶板破坏的扰动相对较小,载荷增量相对较低;两条断层的存在破坏了顶板的连续性,前期由于第一条断层的滑动,使得两条断层之间的岩层卸压,从而出现松散,裂隙横生,不规则断裂以及应力频繁突变的现象。因此,两条断层间的锚杆载荷变化比一条断层影响下的载荷变化剧烈,且两条断层之间的锚杆受动压影响的范围为20 m,一条断层影响下锚杆载荷受动压影响的范围大约为40 m。
Through field monitoring and similar simulations, the relationship between the change of anchor load in the fault zone and the characteristics of the overlying strata movement and deformation-failure is analyzed, the change characteristics of roof stress under the combined action of double faults are studied, and the mechanism of irregular fractures in roof rock is revealed. The results have shown that the load change of the anchor in the roof is closely related to the movement of the roof, that is, the more intense the movement is, the greater the load change of the anchor will be. If the roof is hard and not easy to break, then the anchor in the roof will be relatively less disturbed by roof failure and the increment of load will be relatively low. The two faults disrupt the continuity of the roof. The slippage of the first fault in the previous period causes the rock between the two faults to be relieved of pressure, thereby loosening the rock formation, cracks, irregular fractures, and sudden changes in stress.Therefore, the load change of the anchor between two faults is more severe than the load under one fault. In dynamic pressure, the range of load change of the anchor between the two faults is 20 m, while the range under one fault is approximately 40 m.
Through field monitoring and similar simulations, the relationship between the change of anchor load in the fault zone and the characteristics of the overlying strata movement and deformation-failure is analyzed, the change characteristics of roof stress under the combined action of double faults are studied, and the mechanism of irregular fractures in roof rock is revealed. The results have shown that the load change of the anchor in the roof is closely related to the movement of the roof, that is, the more intense the movement is, the greater the load change of the anchor will be. If the roof is hard and not easy to break, then the anchor in the roof will be relatively less disturbed by roof failure and the increment of load will be relatively low. The two faults disrupt the continuity of the roof. The slippage of the first fault in the previous period causes the rock between the two faults to be relieved of pressure, thereby loosening the rock formation, cracks, irregular fractures, and sudden changes in stress.Therefore, the load change of the anchor between two faults is more severe than the load under one fault. In dynamic pressure, the range of load change of the anchor between the two faults is 20 m, while the range under one fault is approximately 40 m.
引文
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[3]刘传孝.坚硬顶板运动特征的数值模拟及非线性动力学分析[J].岩土力学,2005,26(5):759-762.LIU Chuanxiao.Numerical simulation of moving features of hard roof with three-dimensional discrete element method and nonlinear dynamic analysis[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(5):759-762.
[4]史红,姜福兴.采场上覆大厚度坚硬岩层破断规律的力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(18):3066-3069.SHI Hong,JIANG Fuxing.Mechanical analysis of rupture regularity of hard and massive overlying strata of longwall face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(18):3066-3069.
[5]潘岳,王志强,李爱武.初次断裂期间超前工作面坚硬顶板挠度、弯矩和能量变化的解析解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):32-41.PAN Yue,WANG Zhiqiang,LI Aiwu.Analytic solutions of deflection bending moment and energy change of tight roof of advanced working surface during initial fracturing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(1):32-41.
[6]李新元,马念杰,钟亚平,等.坚硬顶板断裂过程中弹性能量积聚与释放的分布规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增刊1):2786-2793.LI Xinyuan,MA Nianjie,ZHONG Yaping,et al.Storage and release regular of elastic energy distribution in tight roof fracturing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Sup 1):2786-2793.
[7]RICE J R.Heating and weakening of faults during earthquake slip[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2006,111(B5):1-29.
[8]CHRISTOPHER M,MICHAEL G.Evaluating the risk of coal bursts in underground coal mines[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2016,26(1):47-52.
[9]姜耀东,王涛,赵毅鑫,等.采动影响下断层活化规律的数值模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(1):1-5.JIANG Yaodong,WANG Tao,ZHAO Yinxin,et al.Numerical simulation of fault activation pattern induced by coal extraction[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(1):1-5.
[10]姜耀东,吕玉凯,赵毅鑫,等.综采工作面过断层巷道稳定性多参量监测[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(10):1601-1606.JIANG Yaodong,LYU Yukai,ZHAO Yixin,et al.Multi-parameter monitoring the stability of rock around roadway while fully mechanized coal face passing through fault[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(10):1601-1606.
[11]左建平,陈忠辉,王怀文,等.深部煤矿采动诱发断层活动规律[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(3):305-309.ZUO Jianping,CHEN Zhonghui,WANG Huaiwen,et al.Experimental investigation on fault activation pattern under deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(3):305-309.
[12]王爱文,潘一山,李忠华,等.断层作用下深部开采诱发冲击地压相似试验研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(9):2486-2492.WANG Aiwen,PAN Yishan,LI Zhonghua,et al.Similar experimental study of rockburst induced by mining deep coal seam under fault action[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(9):2486-2492.
[13]来兴平,郑建伟,蒋新军,等.断层破碎区域煤岩体动压影响范围确定[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(2):361-366.LAI Xingping,ZHENG Jianwei,JIANG Xinjun,et al.Influential range assessment of dynamic pressure in fault zone with broken rock masses[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(2):361-366.
[14]WU Q S,JIANG L S,WU Q L.Study on the law of mining stress evolution and fault activation under the influence of normal fault[J].Acta Geodyn Geomater,2017,14(3):357-369.
[15]SAINOKI A,MITRI H S.Dynamic behavior of mining-induced fault slip[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,2014,66:19-29.