出租车GPS轨迹集聚和精细化路网提取
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摘要
针对利用GPS数据提取双向路网和交叉路口转向信息精度低的不足,本文提出一种顾及位置与行驶方向的轨迹集聚和精细化路网提取方法,实现了精细化路网提取。为提高交叉路口路网的提取精度,首先剔除原始轨迹中的离散和异常轨迹点,并按一定的步长对轨迹段进行加密;然后引入行驶方向角来表达车辆在轨迹点处的行驶方向,顾及位置和行驶方向获取每个轨迹点的相似轨迹点集合;接着依次计算每个轨迹点的偏移距离,通过对轨迹点的迭代偏移完成轨迹集聚;最后剔除未成功集聚的轨迹点,将完成集聚的轨迹点连成轨迹线并作缓冲区,运用栅格数据数字化方法提取得到能够反映道路精细转向关系的道路网。以福州市出租车GPS数据进行轨迹集聚和路网提取试验,结果表明:本文方法能有效地将GPS轨迹按车辆行驶方向分别进行集聚,提取的道路网为双向道路并且能反映交叉路口处道路的精细转向关系。
Aiming at the shortcomings of low-accuracy in the use of GPS data to extract bidirection a roads and intersections, this paper proposes a trajectory agglomeration and refined roads extraction method that takes into account the position and travel direction to extracts refined road network. First,we remove the discrete and abnormal trajectory points from the original trajectory and insert the trajectory points into the trajectory segments by a certain step size, in order to improve the extraction accuracy of the intersection network.Second,we introduce the driving direction angle to express the driving direction of the vehicle at the track point, obtain its similar trajectory points set by considering the position and direction of the track point, calculate the offset distance of each track point in turn, and complete the track aggregation by iteratively offsetting the track points.Finally, we eliminate the track points that have not been successfully gathered, and use the Grid digitization method to extract the road network that can reflect the fine steering relationship of the roads from the trajectory data after gather. The trajectory agglomeration and road network extraction experiments were carried out with GPS data of Fuzhou taxis. The experimental results show that this method can effectively gather the GPS trajectories according to the direction of vehicle travel and the extracted road network is bidirectional roads, and can finely reflect the steering relationship of the roads at the intersections.
Aiming at the shortcomings of low-accuracy in the use of GPS data to extract bidirection a roads and intersections, this paper proposes a trajectory agglomeration and refined roads extraction method that takes into account the position and travel direction to extracts refined road network. First,we remove the discrete and abnormal trajectory points from the original trajectory and insert the trajectory points into the trajectory segments by a certain step size, in order to improve the extraction accuracy of the intersection network.Second,we introduce the driving direction angle to express the driving direction of the vehicle at the track point, obtain its similar trajectory points set by considering the position and direction of the track point, calculate the offset distance of each track point in turn, and complete the track aggregation by iteratively offsetting the track points.Finally, we eliminate the track points that have not been successfully gathered, and use the Grid digitization method to extract the road network that can reflect the fine steering relationship of the roads from the trajectory data after gather. The trajectory agglomeration and road network extraction experiments were carried out with GPS data of Fuzhou taxis. The experimental results show that this method can effectively gather the GPS trajectories according to the direction of vehicle travel and the extracted road network is bidirectional roads, and can finely reflect the steering relationship of the roads at the intersections.
引文
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[19] BIAGIONI J,ERIKSSON J.Map inference in the face of noise and disparity[C]//Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems.New York,NY:ACM,2012:79-88.
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[21] ZHANG Jindong,MENG Weibin,LIU Qiangqiang,et al.Efficient vehicles path planning algorithm based on taxi GPS big data[J].Optik,2016,127(5):2579-2585.
[22] LI Jun,QIN Qiming,HAN Jiawei,et al.Mining trajectory data and geotagged data in social media for road map inference[J].Transactions in GIS,2015,19(1):1-18.
[23] 杨伟,艾廷华.基于众源轨迹数据的道路中心线提取[J].地理与地理信息科学,2016,32(3):1-7.YANG Wei,AI Tinghua.Road centerline extraction from crowdsourcing trajectory data[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2016,32(3):1-7.
[24] ZHANG Lijuan,THIEMANN F,SESTER M.Integration of GPS traces with road map[C]//Proceedings of the 3th International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science.New York,NY:ACM,2010:17-22.
[25] GOODCHILD M F,HUNTER G J.A simple positional accuracy measure for linear features[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,1997,11(3):299-306.
[2] 吴涛,向隆刚,龚健雅.路网更新的轨迹-地图匹配方法[J].测绘学报,2017,46(4):507-515.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20150479.WU Tao,XIANG Longgang,GONG Jianya.Renewal of road networks using map-matching technique of trajectories[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2017,46(4):507-515.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20150479.
[3] 曾喆,李清泉,邹海翔,等.曲率积分约束的GPS浮动车地图匹配方法[J].测绘学报,2015,44(10):1167-1176.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2015.20140352.ZENG Zhe,LI Qingquan,ZOU Haixiang,et al.Curvature integration constrained map matching method for GPS floating car data[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2015,44(10):1167-1176.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2015.20140352.
[4] 高悦尔,陈舒婷,郑承于,等.基于浮动车数据的旅游景点周边路网容量研究——以厦门岛为例[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(12):1529-1537.GAO Yueer,CHEN Shuting,ZHENG Chengyu,et al.Road network capacity of tourist site’s periphery based on FCD:taking Xiamen island as an example[J].Progress in Geography,2016,35(12):1529-1537.
[5] 李清泉,李秋萍,方志祥.一种基于时空拥挤度的应急疏散路径优化方法[J].测绘学报,2011,40(4):517-523.LI Qingquan,LI Qiuping.FANG Zhixiang.An emergency evacuation routing optimization method based on space-time congestion concept[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2011,40(4):517-523.
[6] 杨伟,艾廷华.运用约束Delaunay三角网从众源轨迹线提取道路边界[J].测绘学报,2017,46(2):237-245.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20160233.YANG Wei,AI Tinghua.The extraction of road boundary from crowdsourcing trajectory using constrained delaunay triangulation[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2017,46(2):237-245.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20160233.
[7] 刘经南,高柯夫.智能时代测绘与位置服务领域的挑战与机遇[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2017,42(11):1506-1517.LIU Jingnan,GAO Kefu.Challenges and opportunities for mapping and surveying and location based service in the age of intelligence[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2017,42(11):1506-1517.
[8] AHMED M,KARAGIORGOU S,PFOSER D,et al.A comparison and evaluation of map construction algorithms using vehicle tracking data[J].GeoInformatica,2015,19(3):601-632.
[9] QIU Jia,WANG Ruisheng.Road map inference:a segmentation and grouping framework[J].ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information,2016,5(8):130.
[10] CAO Lili,KRUMM J.From GPS traces to a routable road map[C]//Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Symposium on Advances in Geographic Information Systems.Washington D C:ACM,2009:3-12.
[11] WANG Jing,RUI Xiaoping,SONG Xianfeng,et al.A novel approach for generating routable road maps from vehicle GPS traces[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2015,29(1):69-91.
[12] LIU Xuemei,ZHU Yanmi,WANG Yin,et al.Road recognition using coarse-grained vehicular traces[R].Tech.rep.HPL-2012-26.[S.l.]:HP Laboratories,2012.
[13] AHMED M,WENK C.Constructing street networks from GPS trajectories[C]//European Symposium on Algorithms.Berlin:Springer,2012:60-71.
[14] 唐炉亮,刘章,杨雪,等.符合认知规律的时空轨迹融合与路网生成方法[J].测绘学报,2015,44(11):1271-1276.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2015.20140591.TANG Luliang,LIU Zhang,YANG Xue,et al.A method of spatio-temporal trajectory fusion and road network generation based on cognitive law[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2015,44(11):1271-1276.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2015.20140591.
[15] KARAGIORGOU S,PFOSER D.On vehicle tracking data-based road network generation[C]//Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems.New York,NY:ACM,2012:89-98.
[16] ZHANG Yongchuan,LIU Jiping,QIAN Xinlin,et al.An automatic road network construction method using massive GPS trajectory data[J].ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information,2017,6(12):400.
[17] SHI Wenhuan,SHEN Shuhan,LIU Yuncai.Automatic generation of road network map from massive GPS,vehicle trajectories[C]//Proceedings of 12th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems.St.Louis,MO:IEEE,2009:1-6.
[18] 王德浩.基于低频出租车GPS轨迹数据的路网信息提取[D].武汉:武汉大学,2017.WANG Dehao.Generation of road network information from massive less frequent GPS vehicle trajectories[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2017.
[19] BIAGIONI J,ERIKSSON J.Map inference in the face of noise and disparity[C]//Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems.New York,NY:ACM,2012:79-88.
[20] 蒋益娟,李响,李小杰,等.利用车辆轨迹数据提取道路网络的几何特征与精度分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2012,14(2):165-170.JIANG Yijuan,LI Xiang,LI Xiaojie,et al.Geometrical characteristics extraction and accuracy analysis of road network based on vehicle trajectory data[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2012,14(2):165-170.
[21] ZHANG Jindong,MENG Weibin,LIU Qiangqiang,et al.Efficient vehicles path planning algorithm based on taxi GPS big data[J].Optik,2016,127(5):2579-2585.
[22] LI Jun,QIN Qiming,HAN Jiawei,et al.Mining trajectory data and geotagged data in social media for road map inference[J].Transactions in GIS,2015,19(1):1-18.
[23] 杨伟,艾廷华.基于众源轨迹数据的道路中心线提取[J].地理与地理信息科学,2016,32(3):1-7.YANG Wei,AI Tinghua.Road centerline extraction from crowdsourcing trajectory data[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2016,32(3):1-7.
[24] ZHANG Lijuan,THIEMANN F,SESTER M.Integration of GPS traces with road map[C]//Proceedings of the 3th International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science.New York,NY:ACM,2010:17-22.
[25] GOODCHILD M F,HUNTER G J.A simple positional accuracy measure for linear features[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,1997,11(3):299-306.