长三角地区马尾松林降雨再分配特征
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摘要
【目的】为深入研究马尾松林降雨再分配格局,加深对马尾松林水文效应机理的认识,为长三角地区水源涵养林树种的选择以及经营、管理提供理论依据。【方法】对长三角地区冬季、春季、秋季马尾松(Pinus massoniana)林大气降雨量、穿透雨量以及树干径流量进行了定位观测,利用水量平衡方程计算得出林冠截留量。通过相关性分析筛选出影响降雨再分配的主要因子为降雨量和降雨强度,分别分析了降雨量与穿透雨、树干径流、林冠截留之间的关系,降雨强度与3者之间的关系,以及叶面积指数与穿透雨、树干径流之间的关系,建立了降雨量、降雨强度与马尾松林穿透雨量、树干径流量、林冠截留量之间的回归模型。【结果】2012年10月至2013年6月长三角地区马尾松林外降雨累计792.6 mm,研究区以小雨量、低强度的降雨事件为主,马尾松林内累计穿透雨量584 mm,占降雨量比例的73.7%,马尾松林累计树干径流量7.426 mm,占降雨量的0.94%。林冠截留量201.17 mm,占降雨量的25.38%。【结论】马尾松林形成穿透雨的最小雨量为1.18 mm,形成树干径流的最小雨量为4.73 mm。本研究成果为长三角地区马尾松林对降雨再分配功能及影响提供基础数据支撑。
【Objective】The present paper aimed to further study the rainfall redistribution pattern of Pinus massoniana forest, deepen the understanding of the hydrological effect mechanism of Masson pine forest, and provide theoretical basis for the selection, operation and management of water conservation forest species in the Yangtze River Delta region. 【Method】Using the fixed point observation method, rainfall, throughfall, and stemflow of Pinus massoniana in the Yangtze River Delta were studied in winter, spring and autumn.A water balance method was adopted to calculate canopy interception, and a regression analysis was employed to select the main factors affecting rainfall redistribution and to establish the relationship among throughfall, stemflow, canopy interception, leaf area index,rainfall,and rainfall intensity.A regression model was established between rainfall, rainfall intensity, and the amount of penetrating rain, trunk runoff, and canopy interception. 【Result】Results indicated that a P. massoniana rainfall of 792.6 mm with most rainfall events from October 2012 to June 2013 featuring light rain with low intensity. P. massoniana through fall was 584 mm; total stemflow was 7.426 mm; and total canopy interception was 201.17 mm. 【Conclusion】The fitted regression equation showed that the minimum rainfall necessary for throughfall was 1.18 mm, and the minimum rainfall needed to start stemflow was 4.73 mm. The results of this study provide basic data support for the redistribution function and impact of masson pine forest in the Yangtze River Delta region.
【Objective】The present paper aimed to further study the rainfall redistribution pattern of Pinus massoniana forest, deepen the understanding of the hydrological effect mechanism of Masson pine forest, and provide theoretical basis for the selection, operation and management of water conservation forest species in the Yangtze River Delta region. 【Method】Using the fixed point observation method, rainfall, throughfall, and stemflow of Pinus massoniana in the Yangtze River Delta were studied in winter, spring and autumn.A water balance method was adopted to calculate canopy interception, and a regression analysis was employed to select the main factors affecting rainfall redistribution and to establish the relationship among throughfall, stemflow, canopy interception, leaf area index,rainfall,and rainfall intensity.A regression model was established between rainfall, rainfall intensity, and the amount of penetrating rain, trunk runoff, and canopy interception. 【Result】Results indicated that a P. massoniana rainfall of 792.6 mm with most rainfall events from October 2012 to June 2013 featuring light rain with low intensity. P. massoniana through fall was 584 mm; total stemflow was 7.426 mm; and total canopy interception was 201.17 mm. 【Conclusion】The fitted regression equation showed that the minimum rainfall necessary for throughfall was 1.18 mm, and the minimum rainfall needed to start stemflow was 4.73 mm. The results of this study provide basic data support for the redistribution function and impact of masson pine forest in the Yangtze River Delta region.
引文
[1]喻阳华,李光容,皮发剑,等. 赤水河上游主要森林类型水源涵养功能评价[J]. 水土保持学报, 2015(2): 150-156.
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[3]丁访军,王兵,钟洪明,等. 赤水河下游不同林地类型土壤物理特性及其水源涵养功能[J]. 水土保持学报, 2009(3): 179-183.
[4]彭焕华,赵传燕,许仲林,等. 祁连山青海云杉林冠层持水能力[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011(9): 2233-2239.
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[6]卢振启,黄秋娴,杨新兵. 河北雾灵山不同海拔油松人工林枯落物及土壤水文效应研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2014(1): 112-116.
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[8]任世奇,项东云,肖文发,等. 广西南宁桉树人工林降雨再分配特征[J]. 生态学杂志, 2017(6): 1473-1480.
[9]刁艳芳,王亚平,范世香,等. 3种针叶林对降雨截留作用的比较[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2016(5): 74-77.
[10]石磊,盛后财,满秀玲,等. 兴安落叶松林降雨再分配及其穿透雨的空间异质性[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2017(2): 90-96.
[11]万艳芳,刘贤德,于澎涛,等. 祁连山鲜黄小檗灌丛穿透雨特征及其影响因素[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2017(2): 97-102.
[12]刘泽彬,王彦辉,邓秀秀,等. 六盘山华北落叶松林下穿透雨空间变异特征[J]. 生态学报, 2017(10): 3471-3481.
[13]梁文俊,魏曦,朱宝才. Gash模型对冀北山地人工油松林树干径流特征的模拟[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2016(2): 88-92.
[14]韩诚,张金池,庄义琳,等. 长三角地区杉木林降雨再分配特征[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2014, 31(3): 424-430.
[15]韩诚,庄家尧,张金池,等. 长三角地区毛竹林冠截留的影响因素[J]. 水土保持通报, 2014, 34(3): 92-96.
[16]Barbier S, Balandier P, Gosselin F. Influence of several tree traits on rainfall partitioning in temperate and boreal forests: a review[J]. Annals of Forest Science, 2009, 66(6): 602.
[17]张文猛,王兴祥. 亚热带马尾松和木荷人工林降雨再分配及其化学特征[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2011(9): 80-86.
[18]万艳芳,刘贤德,王顺利,等. 祁连山青海云杉林冠降雨再分配特征及影响因素[J]. 水土保持学报, 2016(5): 224-229.
[19]Van Stan J T, Siegert C M, Levia D F, et al. Effects of wind-driven rainfall on stemflow generation between codominant tree species with differing crown characteristics[J]. Agricultural & Forest Meteorology, 2011, 151(9): 1277-1286.
[2]贾秀红,曾毅,周志翔,等. 鄂中低丘区不同演替阶段森林凋落物和土壤水文特征[J]. 水土保持学报, 2013, 27(4): 125-129.
[3]丁访军,王兵,钟洪明,等. 赤水河下游不同林地类型土壤物理特性及其水源涵养功能[J]. 水土保持学报, 2009(3): 179-183.
[4]彭焕华,赵传燕,许仲林,等. 祁连山青海云杉林冠层持水能力[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011(9): 2233-2239.
[5]田风霞,赵传燕,冯兆东,等. 祁连山青海云杉林冠生态水文效应及其影响因素[J]. 生态学报, 2012(4): 62-72.
[6]卢振启,黄秋娴,杨新兵. 河北雾灵山不同海拔油松人工林枯落物及土壤水文效应研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2014(1): 112-116.
[7]石媛,鲁绍伟,陈波,等. 河北雾灵山不同密度油松人工林枯落物及土壤水文效应[J]. 水土保持学报, 2014(3): 92-97.
[8]任世奇,项东云,肖文发,等. 广西南宁桉树人工林降雨再分配特征[J]. 生态学杂志, 2017(6): 1473-1480.
[9]刁艳芳,王亚平,范世香,等. 3种针叶林对降雨截留作用的比较[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2016(5): 74-77.
[10]石磊,盛后财,满秀玲,等. 兴安落叶松林降雨再分配及其穿透雨的空间异质性[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2017(2): 90-96.
[11]万艳芳,刘贤德,于澎涛,等. 祁连山鲜黄小檗灌丛穿透雨特征及其影响因素[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2017(2): 97-102.
[12]刘泽彬,王彦辉,邓秀秀,等. 六盘山华北落叶松林下穿透雨空间变异特征[J]. 生态学报, 2017(10): 3471-3481.
[13]梁文俊,魏曦,朱宝才. Gash模型对冀北山地人工油松林树干径流特征的模拟[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2016(2): 88-92.
[14]韩诚,张金池,庄义琳,等. 长三角地区杉木林降雨再分配特征[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2014, 31(3): 424-430.
[15]韩诚,庄家尧,张金池,等. 长三角地区毛竹林冠截留的影响因素[J]. 水土保持通报, 2014, 34(3): 92-96.
[16]Barbier S, Balandier P, Gosselin F. Influence of several tree traits on rainfall partitioning in temperate and boreal forests: a review[J]. Annals of Forest Science, 2009, 66(6): 602.
[17]张文猛,王兴祥. 亚热带马尾松和木荷人工林降雨再分配及其化学特征[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2011(9): 80-86.
[18]万艳芳,刘贤德,王顺利,等. 祁连山青海云杉林冠降雨再分配特征及影响因素[J]. 水土保持学报, 2016(5): 224-229.
[19]Van Stan J T, Siegert C M, Levia D F, et al. Effects of wind-driven rainfall on stemflow generation between codominant tree species with differing crown characteristics[J]. Agricultural & Forest Meteorology, 2011, 151(9): 1277-1286.