基于Kriging插值法分析磨盘山常绿阔叶林穿透雨的空间分布
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摘要
通过定位监测磨盘山的典型森林植被常绿阔叶林2016年6-9月的大气降雨、穿透雨、叶面积指数等资料,针对林分内各影响因子对穿透雨的空间异质性进行综合分析。结果表明:1)研究期间,2016年6-9月的降雨总量为688.9mm,大部分为低雨强、低历时、中雨级的降雨。通过观测数据显示林内穿透降雨总量为443.7 mm,占总降雨量的64.41%,平均穿透雨的变异系数为44.7%。2)对林下9个观测点的穿透雨量及林木结构数据进行综合分析,发现大气降雨量与穿透雨量呈正相关关系,叶面积指数与其呈负相关关系。3)通过Kriging插值绘制出空间分布图,图像表明雨量较小时各观测点林内穿透雨的大小分布与观测点上方的林木结构有密切关系,雨量较大时穿透雨的分布更随机,规律性较小,受其他随机因素影响更多。
By in situ monitoring,indices,such as atmospheric rainfall,through fall,leaf area of the evergreen broad-leaved forests in Mopan Mountain during June to September 2016 were measured to comprehensively understand the impacts of different factors on the spatial heterogeneity of the through fall.The results showed 1)during the study period,the total rainfall was 688.9 mm,with the characteristics of low rainfall intensity,short duration and moderate level.The through fall was 443.7 mm,accounting for 64.41% of the average rainfall,the average coefficient of variation was 44.7%.2)After the comprehensive analysis on forest structure and the through fall about the nine observation points,it was found that the through fall was positively correlated with rainfall and negatively correlated with leaf area index.3)The map of spatial distribution that was drawn by using Kriging interpolation indicated that a close relationship existed between the through fall and forest structure when the rainfall was small,when the rainfall was heavy,the distribution of the through fall was irregular,which was affected more by other factors.
By in situ monitoring,indices,such as atmospheric rainfall,through fall,leaf area of the evergreen broad-leaved forests in Mopan Mountain during June to September 2016 were measured to comprehensively understand the impacts of different factors on the spatial heterogeneity of the through fall.The results showed 1)during the study period,the total rainfall was 688.9 mm,with the characteristics of low rainfall intensity,short duration and moderate level.The through fall was 443.7 mm,accounting for 64.41% of the average rainfall,the average coefficient of variation was 44.7%.2)After the comprehensive analysis on forest structure and the through fall about the nine observation points,it was found that the through fall was positively correlated with rainfall and negatively correlated with leaf area index.3)The map of spatial distribution that was drawn by using Kriging interpolation indicated that a close relationship existed between the through fall and forest structure when the rainfall was small,when the rainfall was heavy,the distribution of the through fall was irregular,which was affected more by other factors.
引文
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[15]陈瑾.水土保持径流小区监测方法探讨——以甘肃省定西市安家沟监测点为例[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(2):94-96.
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[17]刁艳芳,王亚平,范世香,等.3种针叶林对降雨截留作用的比较[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(5):74-77.DIAO Y F,WANG Y P,FAN S X.Comparison of rainfall interception by three kinds of coniferous forests[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(6):74-77.(in Chinese)
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[20]张焜,张洪江,程金花,等.重庆四面山暖性针叶林林冠截留及其影响因素[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(10):32-35.ZHANG K,ZHANG H J,CHENG J H,et al.Effect of canopy interception of warm needle-leaved forest in Simian mountain of Chongqing and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2011,39(10):32-35.(in Chinese)
[21]王栋,张洪江,程金花,等.用灰色关联法分析重庆缙云山林冠截留量影响因素[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(6):276-279.WANG D,ZHANG H J,CHENG J H,et al.Grey correlation analysis on factors influencing canopy interception in Jinyun mountain in Chongqin[J].Research of Soil&Water Conservation,2007,14(6):276-279.(in Chinese)
[22]段旭,王彦辉,于澎涛,等.六盘山分水岭沟典型森林植被对大气降雨的再分配规律及其影响因子[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(5):120-125.DUAN X,WANG Y H,YU P T,et al.Rainfall redistribution and its influencing factors of typical forest vegetation in the ditch watershed,Liupan mountains[J].Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,2010,24(5):120-125.(in Chinese)
[23]李振新,郑华,欧阳志云,等.岷江冷杉针叶林下穿透雨空间分布特征[J].生态学报,2004,24(5):1015-1021.LI Z X,ZHENG H,OUYANG Z Y,et al.The spatial distribution characteristics of throughfall under Abies faxoniana forest in the Wolong nature reserve[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(5):1015-1021.(in Chinese)
[24]时忠杰,王彦辉,熊伟,等.单株华北落叶松树冠穿透降雨的空间异质性[J].生态学报,2006,26(9):2877-2886.SHI Z J,WANG Y H,XIONG W,et al.The spatial heterogeneity of through-fall under the Larix principis-rupprechtii single trees canopy[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(9):2877-2886.(in Chinese)
[2]张淑敏.基于森林作用的流域降雨径流模型研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[3]夏体渊,吴家勇,段昌群,等.滇中3种林冠层对降雨的再分配作用[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(1):97-102.XIA T Y,WU J Y,DUAN C Q,et al.Canopy rainfall redistribution of three forest vegetation types in Mid-Yunnan[J].Journal of Yunnan University:Natural Sciences Edition,2009,31(1):97-102.(in Chinese)
[4]MATTAJI A,AKEF M,KAFAKI S B,et al.Throughfall,stemflow and canopy interception loss by oriental beech trees(Fagus orientalis Lipsky)in north forests of Iran[J].Journal of Food Agriculture&Environment,2012,10(3):1183-1187.
[5]VIVILLE D,BIRON P,GRANIER A,et al.Interception in a mountainous declining spruce stand in the Strengbach catchment(Vosges,France)[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,144(1-4):273-282.
[6]曾伟,熊彩云,肖复明,等.不同密度退耕雷竹春季林冠截留特性[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(5):1178-1182.ZENG W,XIONG C Y,XIAO F M,et al.Spring canopy interception characteristics of Phyllostachys praecoxcv.prevernalis stand converted from cropland at different densities[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(5):1178-1182.(in Chinese)
[7]CARLYLE-MOSES D E.Throughfall,stemflow,and canopy interception loss fluxes in a semi-arid sierra Madre oriental matorral community[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2004,58(2):180-220.
[8]TOBN MARIN C,BOUTEN W,SEVINK J.Gross rainfall and its partitioning into throughfall,stemflow and evaporation of intercepted water in four forest ecosystems in western Amazonia[J].Journal of Hydrology,2000(237):40-57.
[9]ROBIN L H.Interception loss as a function of rain fall and forest types:stochastic modeling for tropical canopies revisited[J].Journal of Hydrology,2003(280):1-12.
[10]瞿明凯.几种地统计学方法在县域土壤空间信息处理上的应用与研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2012.
[11]杞金华,章永江,张一平,等.哀牢山常绿阔叶林水源涵养功能及其在应对西南干旱中的作用[J].生态学报,2012,32(6):1692-1702.QI J H,ZHANG Y J,ZHANG Y P,et al.Water-holding capacity of an evergreen broadleaf forest in Ailao mountain and its functions in mitigating the effects of southwest China drought[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(6):1692-1702.(in Chinese)
[12]秦耀东.土壤物理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003.
[13]陈卫锋,倪进治,杨红玉,等.闽江福州段沉积物中多环芳烃的空间分布异质性研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(5):1687-1692.CHEN W F,NI J Z,YANG H Y,et al.Spatial heterogeneity and autocorrelation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediment of Minjiang river in Fuzhou City[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(5):1687-1692.(in Chinese)
[14]王晓燕,陈洪松,王克林,等.不同利用方式下红壤坡地土壤水分时空动态变化规律研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(2):110-114.
[15]陈瑾.水土保持径流小区监测方法探讨——以甘肃省定西市安家沟监测点为例[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(2):94-96.
[16]鲜靖苹,张家洋,胡海波.森林冠层水文研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(3):96-104.XIAN J P,ZHANG J Y,HU H B.Forest canopy hydrology:a review[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(3):96-104.(in Chinese)
[17]刁艳芳,王亚平,范世香,等.3种针叶林对降雨截留作用的比较[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(5):74-77.DIAO Y F,WANG Y P,FAN S X.Comparison of rainfall interception by three kinds of coniferous forests[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(6):74-77.(in Chinese)
[18]DIJK A I J M V,BRUIJNZEEL L A.Modelling rainfall interception by vegetation of variable density using an adapted analytical model.Part 2.Model validation for a tropical upland mixed cropping system[J].Journal of Hydrology,2001,247(3-4):239-262.
[19]余长洪,李就好,陈凯,等.甘蔗冠层对降雨再分配的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(3):85-87.YU C H,LI J H,CHEN K,et al.Effects of sugarcane canopy on rainfall redistribution[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,35(3):85-87.(in Chinese)
[20]张焜,张洪江,程金花,等.重庆四面山暖性针叶林林冠截留及其影响因素[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(10):32-35.ZHANG K,ZHANG H J,CHENG J H,et al.Effect of canopy interception of warm needle-leaved forest in Simian mountain of Chongqing and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2011,39(10):32-35.(in Chinese)
[21]王栋,张洪江,程金花,等.用灰色关联法分析重庆缙云山林冠截留量影响因素[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(6):276-279.WANG D,ZHANG H J,CHENG J H,et al.Grey correlation analysis on factors influencing canopy interception in Jinyun mountain in Chongqin[J].Research of Soil&Water Conservation,2007,14(6):276-279.(in Chinese)
[22]段旭,王彦辉,于澎涛,等.六盘山分水岭沟典型森林植被对大气降雨的再分配规律及其影响因子[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(5):120-125.DUAN X,WANG Y H,YU P T,et al.Rainfall redistribution and its influencing factors of typical forest vegetation in the ditch watershed,Liupan mountains[J].Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,2010,24(5):120-125.(in Chinese)
[23]李振新,郑华,欧阳志云,等.岷江冷杉针叶林下穿透雨空间分布特征[J].生态学报,2004,24(5):1015-1021.LI Z X,ZHENG H,OUYANG Z Y,et al.The spatial distribution characteristics of throughfall under Abies faxoniana forest in the Wolong nature reserve[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(5):1015-1021.(in Chinese)
[24]时忠杰,王彦辉,熊伟,等.单株华北落叶松树冠穿透降雨的空间异质性[J].生态学报,2006,26(9):2877-2886.SHI Z J,WANG Y H,XIONG W,et al.The spatial heterogeneity of through-fall under the Larix principis-rupprechtii single trees canopy[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(9):2877-2886.(in Chinese)