尖海龙商品调查与《中国药典》中海龙的基原考证
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摘要
目的:海龙是我国重要的动物药材,用药历史悠久,基原众多。该研究的目的是澄清海龙尤其是尖海龙的物种基原,为海龙类药材的鉴定和质量标准提供依据。方法:对历代海龙本草文字记载、图片和照片进行考证,结合形态和DNA序列分析,对中国科学院动物研究所、中国食品药品检定研究院等标本馆馆藏动物标本、中药标本及我国主要中药市场市售样本进行药源调查,推断本草及2015年版《中国药典》中海龙的物种基原。结果:从我国7个省份的药店或药材经销商处收集到标为"尖海龙"的36批药材,以及中药标本馆中历年来存留的8批"尖海龙"样品的形态与DNA均符合舒氏海龙Syngnathus schlegeli (Kaup,1856)。2015年版《中国药典》收载海龙性状描述也为舒氏海龙鉴别特征。中国的尖海龙S.acus可能是舒氏海龙S.schlegeli的错误鉴定。结论:2015年版《中国药典》中海龙的基原应修订为刁海龙Solegnathus hardwickii(Gray,1830),拟海龙Syngnathoides biaculeatus (Bloch,1785)或舒氏海龙S.schlegeli (Kaup,1856)的干燥品。2015年版《中国药典》收载的尖海龙S.acus应修订为舒氏海龙S.schlegeli。并建议增加鉴别方法,完善海龙质量控制标准。
Objective:Syngnathus has long been used as an important traditional animal medicine in China,but many syngnathus-like animals also used as Hailong in herbal markets.This study aims to define the zoological origin of Syngnathus in China Pharmacopoeia.Method:Herbalogical records,particularly pictures and photographs of ancient literatures,Syngnathus specimens in museum were stidued to determine the zoological origin of Syngnathus in Chinese herbal medical classics and China Pharmacopoeia.Result:Based on the morphological and DNA sequencing,all the commercial "S.acus " originated from Syngnathus schlegeli(Kaup,1856).Feature description of "S.acus"in China Pharmacopoeia also conformed to S.schlegeli.S.acus in China may be a misidentification of S.schlegeli.Conclusion:Syngnathus in China Pharmacopoeia originates from Solegnathus hardwickii(Gray,1830),Syngnathoides biaculeatus(Bloch,1785) or Syngnathus schlegeli(Kaup,1856).It is suggested to add identification methods of "Hailong ",especially molecular identification methods in China Pharmacopoeia,in order to improve quality control standards of Syngnathus.
Objective:Syngnathus has long been used as an important traditional animal medicine in China,but many syngnathus-like animals also used as Hailong in herbal markets.This study aims to define the zoological origin of Syngnathus in China Pharmacopoeia.Method:Herbalogical records,particularly pictures and photographs of ancient literatures,Syngnathus specimens in museum were stidued to determine the zoological origin of Syngnathus in Chinese herbal medical classics and China Pharmacopoeia.Result:Based on the morphological and DNA sequencing,all the commercial "S.acus " originated from Syngnathus schlegeli(Kaup,1856).Feature description of "S.acus"in China Pharmacopoeia also conformed to S.schlegeli.S.acus in China may be a misidentification of S.schlegeli.Conclusion:Syngnathus in China Pharmacopoeia originates from Solegnathus hardwickii(Gray,1830),Syngnathoides biaculeatus(Bloch,1785) or Syngnathus schlegeli(Kaup,1856).It is suggested to add identification methods of "Hailong ",especially molecular identification methods in China Pharmacopoeia,in order to improve quality control standards of Syngnathus.
引文
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[20]Kaup J J.Catalogue of lophobranchiate fish in the collection of the British Museum[M].London:Trustees of the British Museum,1856:432.
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[22]Couch J.A History of the Fishes of the British Islands[M].Groombridge,1865.
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[24]ZHANG Y H,QIN G,ZHANG H X,et al.DNAbarcoding reflects the diversity and variety of brooding traits of fish species in the family Syngnathidae along China's coast[J].Fisheries Res,2017,185:137-144.
[25]中国人民共和国卫生部药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典.一部[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1977:501.
[26]中国科学院动物研究所.南海鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社,1962:231.
[27]Dawson C E.Syngnathidae Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean[M].Paris:Unesco Press,1986:628-639.
[28]张朝晖,徐国钧,徐珞珊,等.海龙科药用动物的理化分析[J].中药材,1997,20(3):140-144.
[29]中华人民共和国卫生部药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典中药彩色图集[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1995:376.
[30]国际动物命名法委员会.国际动物命名法规[M].4版.北京:科学出版社,2007:1-132.
[31]蒋超,黄璐琦,袁媛,等.《中国药典》动物药材基原物种中文名和拉丁学名引证规范[J].中国科学:生命科学,2018,48(7):772-782.
[32]Swain J.A review of Swainson's genera of fishes[J].Proc Acad Natural Sci Philadel,1882,34:272-284.
[2]刘富艳,金艳,袁媛,等.基于形态和DNA序列分析的海龙类药材商品的基原调查[J].世界中医药,2018,13(2):241-247.
[3]Ward R D,Zemlak T S,Innes B H,et al.DNA barcoding Australia's fish species[J].Philos Trans R Soc B,2005,360(1462):1847-1857.
[4]孙元衡.赤嵌集[M].台北:大通书局,1984:79.
[5]赵学敏.本草纲目拾遗[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1998:426.
[6]陈存仁.中国药物标本图影[M].北平:世界书局,1935:220.
[7]卫生部药政局.中药材手册[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1959:638.
[8]屠本畯.闽中海错疏[M].上海:中华书局,1985:16.
[9]顾光中.烟台鱼类志[M].北平:北平研究院出版社,1933:60.
[10]王云五,周建人.鱼类图谱[M].上海:商务印书馆,1936:34.
[11]陈兼善,费鸿年.鱼类学[M].上海:商务印书馆,1936:253.
[12]王云五.动物分类学[M].上海:商务印书馆,1930:82.
[13]朱元鼎,张春霖,成庆泰,等.东海鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社,1963:180.
[14]张春霖,成清泰,郑葆珊,等.黄渤海习见鱼类图说[M].北京:科学出版社,1954:55.
[15]张春霖,成庆泰,郑葆珊,等.黄渤海鱼类调查报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1955:81.
[16]中国医学科学院药物研究所.中药志.第四册[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1961:97.
[17]中国人民共和国卫生部药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典.一部[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1963:217.
[18]LinnéC.Fauna Svecica[M].sumt.&lit.Laurentii Salvii,1746:335.
[19]LinnéC.Systema Naturae[M].Ex Typographia Juntiniana.Lucae,1758:362.
[20]Kaup J J.Catalogue of lophobranchiate fish in the collection of the British Museum[M].London:Trustees of the British Museum,1856:432.
[21]Günther A.On the Longicorn Coleoptera of Japan[J].JNat Hist,1873,12:380-390.
[22]Couch J.A History of the Fishes of the British Islands[M].Groombridge,1865.
[23]Wilhelm G T.Unterhaltungen aus der Naturgeschichte der fische[M].Augsburg:Engelbrecht,1799:101.
[24]ZHANG Y H,QIN G,ZHANG H X,et al.DNAbarcoding reflects the diversity and variety of brooding traits of fish species in the family Syngnathidae along China's coast[J].Fisheries Res,2017,185:137-144.
[25]中国人民共和国卫生部药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典.一部[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1977:501.
[26]中国科学院动物研究所.南海鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社,1962:231.
[27]Dawson C E.Syngnathidae Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean[M].Paris:Unesco Press,1986:628-639.
[28]张朝晖,徐国钧,徐珞珊,等.海龙科药用动物的理化分析[J].中药材,1997,20(3):140-144.
[29]中华人民共和国卫生部药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典中药彩色图集[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1995:376.
[30]国际动物命名法委员会.国际动物命名法规[M].4版.北京:科学出版社,2007:1-132.
[31]蒋超,黄璐琦,袁媛,等.《中国药典》动物药材基原物种中文名和拉丁学名引证规范[J].中国科学:生命科学,2018,48(7):772-782.
[32]Swain J.A review of Swainson's genera of fishes[J].Proc Acad Natural Sci Philadel,1882,34:272-284.
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