研发机构企业化有助于提高研发投入吗?——来自制造业上市公司的经验证据
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摘要
从研发机构企业化改制视角出发,探讨组织属性、公司治理和经营模式对创新主体研发投入的影响机制与作用路径,并结合中国制造业上市公司年报数据以及TOBIT回归模型做实证分析与稳健性检验。研究结果发现,研发机构企业化改制有以下益处:(1)有利于通过公司制经营丰富市场参与主体、激发产业创新活力;(2)有益于通过股份式管理推动跨界协同发展、提升企业创新动能;(3)有助于通过专业化外包集中发展核心业务、释放创新资源潜力。上述研究结论不仅对促进产业链与创新链深度融合具有理论指导意义,还为新型研发机构建设提供实践参考价值。
From the point of organizational character, corporate governance and business model, this paper explores the impact of corporatization upon organization's R&D spending while testifying related hypotheses using Tobit regression analysis and financial data of listed manufacturing companies in China. The results robustly show that corporatization of R&D institutes brings in more market competition to drive innovation; equity diversification promotes ample collaboration and sharing for purpose of innovation; outsourcing non-R&D activities contributes to the building of industrial innovation network by intensifying labor division. The paper advances the understanding of how to foster industrial cooperation by introducing the goal and mechanism of New R&D Institution.
From the point of organizational character, corporate governance and business model, this paper explores the impact of corporatization upon organization's R&D spending while testifying related hypotheses using Tobit regression analysis and financial data of listed manufacturing companies in China. The results robustly show that corporatization of R&D institutes brings in more market competition to drive innovation; equity diversification promotes ample collaboration and sharing for purpose of innovation; outsourcing non-R&D activities contributes to the building of industrial innovation network by intensifying labor division. The paper advances the understanding of how to foster industrial cooperation by introducing the goal and mechanism of New R&D Institution.
引文
[1]杨桂菊,李斌. 获得式学习、非研发创新行为与代工企业品牌升级:基于三星电子的探索性案例研究[J]软科学,2015,29(8):25-28.
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[3]杨风,李卿云. 股权结构与研发投资:基于创业板上市公司的经验证据[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理,2016,37(2):123-135.
[4]李诗田,邱伟年. 政治关联、制度环境与企业研发支出[J]. 科研管理,2015,36(4):56-64.
[5]VARMA R. Restructuring corporate R&D: from an autonomous to a linkage model[J]. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 1995, 7(2): 231-247.
[6]RADOSEVIC S. Restructuring of R&D institutes in post-socialist economies: emerging patterns and issues[C]// WEBSTER A. Building New Bases for Innovation: The Transformation of the R&D System in Post-Socialist States. London: Cambridge, 1996: 8-30.
[7]CHESBROUGH H, BOGERS M. Explicating open innovation: clarifying an emerging paradigm for understanding innovation[C]// CHESBROUGH H, VANHAVERBEKE W, WEST J. New Frontiers in Open Innovation. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017: 3-28.
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[9]王伟光,冯荣凯,尹博. 产业创新网络中核心企业控制力能够促进知识溢出吗?[J]. 管理世界,2015(6):99-109.
[10]李宇,张福珍,郭庆磊. 区域创新型产业集群的网络创新机制与引导策略[J]. 宏观经济研究,2015(9):98-107.
[11]陈伟,周文,郎益夫. 集聚结构、中介性与集群创新网络抗风险能力研究:以东北新能源汽车产业集群为例[J]. 管理评论, 2015, 27(10):204-217.
[12]陈爽英,井润田,廖开容. 社会资本、公司治理对研发投资强度影响:基于中国民营企业的实证[J]. 科学学研究, 2012, 30(6): 916-922.
[13]CECIA F, IUBATTI D. Personal relationships and innovation diffusion in SME networks: a content analysis approach[J]. Research Policy, 2012, 41(3): 565-579.
[14]ADNER R, KAPOOR R. Value creation in innovation ecosystems: how the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2010, 31(1): 306-333.
[15]龚刚,黄春媛,张前程,等. 从技术引进走向自主研发:论新阶段下的中国经济增长方式[J]. 经济学动态, 2013(5):16-26.
[16]邹国平,刘洪德,王广益. 我国国有企业规模与研发强度相关性研究[J]. 管理评论, 2015, 27(12): 171-179.
[17]NOCKE V, WHINSTON M D. Merger policy with merger choice[J]. The American Economic Review, 2013, 103(2): 1006-1033.
[18]王谦,等. 中国企业技术获取型跨国并购研究[M]. 北京:经济科学出版社,2010.
[19]吴先明,苏志文. 将跨国并购作为技术追赶的杠杆:动态能力视角[J]. 管理世界, 2014 (4): 146-164.
[20]蒋为,陈轩瑾. 外包是否影响了中国制造业企业的研发创新:基于微观数据的实证研究[J]. 国际贸易问题,2015(5):92-102.
[21]TETHER B S. Who co-operates for innovation and why: an empirical analysis[J]. Research Policy, 2002, 31(6): 947-967.
[22]BELLOC F. Corporate governance and innovation: a survey[J]. Journal of Economic Survey, 2012, 26(5): 835-864.
[23]ORTEGA R, MORENO R, SURINACH J. Ownership structure and innovation: is there a real link?[J]. Annals of Regional Science, 2005, 39(4): 637-662.
[24]郭研,刘一博. 高新技术企业研发投入与研发绩效的实证分析:来自中关村的证据[J]. 经济科学,2011(2):117-128.
[25]魏洁云,江可申,李雪冬. 中国高技术产业创新投入与产出的关联测度分析[J]. 数量经济技术经济研究,2014(1):77-92.
[26]曾国屏,林菲. 创业型科研机构初探[J]. 科学学研究, 2014, 32(2): 242-249.
[27]朱德胜,周晓珮. 股权制衡、高管持股与企业创新效率[J]. 南开管理评论, 2016, 19(3): 136-144.
[28]严若森,钱晶晶. 网络治理模式创新研究:阿里“合伙人”与海尔“小微创客”[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理,2017,38(1):3-13.
[29]张一林,龚强,荣昭. 技术创新、股权融资与金融结构转型[J]. 管理世界, 2016 (11): 65-80.
[30]邵丹,李健,潘镇. 市场估值会影响企业技术创新吗?:基于管理者短视视角的研究[J]. 科学决策, 2017(4):76-94.
[31]JOHNSON S, LA PORTA R, LOPEZ DE S F, et al. Tunneling[J]. American Economic Review, 2000, 90(2): 22-27.
[2]DAKHLI M, CLERCQ D D. Human capital, social capital, and innovation:a multi-country study[J]. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2004, 16(2): 107-128.
[3]杨风,李卿云. 股权结构与研发投资:基于创业板上市公司的经验证据[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理,2016,37(2):123-135.
[4]李诗田,邱伟年. 政治关联、制度环境与企业研发支出[J]. 科研管理,2015,36(4):56-64.
[5]VARMA R. Restructuring corporate R&D: from an autonomous to a linkage model[J]. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 1995, 7(2): 231-247.
[6]RADOSEVIC S. Restructuring of R&D institutes in post-socialist economies: emerging patterns and issues[C]// WEBSTER A. Building New Bases for Innovation: The Transformation of the R&D System in Post-Socialist States. London: Cambridge, 1996: 8-30.
[7]CHESBROUGH H, BOGERS M. Explicating open innovation: clarifying an emerging paradigm for understanding innovation[C]// CHESBROUGH H, VANHAVERBEKE W, WEST J. New Frontiers in Open Innovation. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017: 3-28.
[8]黄海洋,陈继祥. 国家技术创新体系建设与创新政策的策略选择[J]. 毛泽东邓小平理论研究,2012(9):32-39.
[9]王伟光,冯荣凯,尹博. 产业创新网络中核心企业控制力能够促进知识溢出吗?[J]. 管理世界,2015(6):99-109.
[10]李宇,张福珍,郭庆磊. 区域创新型产业集群的网络创新机制与引导策略[J]. 宏观经济研究,2015(9):98-107.
[11]陈伟,周文,郎益夫. 集聚结构、中介性与集群创新网络抗风险能力研究:以东北新能源汽车产业集群为例[J]. 管理评论, 2015, 27(10):204-217.
[12]陈爽英,井润田,廖开容. 社会资本、公司治理对研发投资强度影响:基于中国民营企业的实证[J]. 科学学研究, 2012, 30(6): 916-922.
[13]CECIA F, IUBATTI D. Personal relationships and innovation diffusion in SME networks: a content analysis approach[J]. Research Policy, 2012, 41(3): 565-579.
[14]ADNER R, KAPOOR R. Value creation in innovation ecosystems: how the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2010, 31(1): 306-333.
[15]龚刚,黄春媛,张前程,等. 从技术引进走向自主研发:论新阶段下的中国经济增长方式[J]. 经济学动态, 2013(5):16-26.
[16]邹国平,刘洪德,王广益. 我国国有企业规模与研发强度相关性研究[J]. 管理评论, 2015, 27(12): 171-179.
[17]NOCKE V, WHINSTON M D. Merger policy with merger choice[J]. The American Economic Review, 2013, 103(2): 1006-1033.
[18]王谦,等. 中国企业技术获取型跨国并购研究[M]. 北京:经济科学出版社,2010.
[19]吴先明,苏志文. 将跨国并购作为技术追赶的杠杆:动态能力视角[J]. 管理世界, 2014 (4): 146-164.
[20]蒋为,陈轩瑾. 外包是否影响了中国制造业企业的研发创新:基于微观数据的实证研究[J]. 国际贸易问题,2015(5):92-102.
[21]TETHER B S. Who co-operates for innovation and why: an empirical analysis[J]. Research Policy, 2002, 31(6): 947-967.
[22]BELLOC F. Corporate governance and innovation: a survey[J]. Journal of Economic Survey, 2012, 26(5): 835-864.
[23]ORTEGA R, MORENO R, SURINACH J. Ownership structure and innovation: is there a real link?[J]. Annals of Regional Science, 2005, 39(4): 637-662.
[24]郭研,刘一博. 高新技术企业研发投入与研发绩效的实证分析:来自中关村的证据[J]. 经济科学,2011(2):117-128.
[25]魏洁云,江可申,李雪冬. 中国高技术产业创新投入与产出的关联测度分析[J]. 数量经济技术经济研究,2014(1):77-92.
[26]曾国屏,林菲. 创业型科研机构初探[J]. 科学学研究, 2014, 32(2): 242-249.
[27]朱德胜,周晓珮. 股权制衡、高管持股与企业创新效率[J]. 南开管理评论, 2016, 19(3): 136-144.
[28]严若森,钱晶晶. 网络治理模式创新研究:阿里“合伙人”与海尔“小微创客”[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理,2017,38(1):3-13.
[29]张一林,龚强,荣昭. 技术创新、股权融资与金融结构转型[J]. 管理世界, 2016 (11): 65-80.
[30]邵丹,李健,潘镇. 市场估值会影响企业技术创新吗?:基于管理者短视视角的研究[J]. 科学决策, 2017(4):76-94.
[31]JOHNSON S, LA PORTA R, LOPEZ DE S F, et al. Tunneling[J]. American Economic Review, 2000, 90(2): 22-27.